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Success In South Florida

Animal Sheltering 2010-12

In Miami, Sara Pizano’s focus on accountability reaps rewards

Assessment Of Pathways For The Introduction And Spread Of Mycobacterium Bovis In The United States, Katie Portacci, Jason Lombard, Lauren Abrahamsen, Eric Bush, Charles Fossler, Robert Harris, Kamina Johnson, Ryan S. Miller, Dianna Mitchell, Randy Pritchard, Steven Sweeney, Todd Weaver

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) was responsible for more losses among U.S. farm animals in the early 20th century than all other infectious diseases combined. The Cooperative State-Federal Tuberculosis Eradication Program (established in 1917 and administered by APHIS, State animal health agencies, and U.S. livestock producers) has nearly eradicated bovine TB from the nation’s livestock population. However, despite the many accomplishments of the program, bovine TB remains a serious and costly disease of livestock in the United States. In 1992, VS conducted an assessment to identify pathways for the introduction and spread of bovine TB, in order to develop the most effective …

The Global H1n1 Pandemic, Quarantine Law, And The Due Process Conflict, Gregory P. Campbell

San Diego International Law Journal

This comment argues that the CDC should develop a uniform due process standard to govern all quarantine procedures in the United States and then recommend that the standard be adopted by the WHO for incorporation into the IHR. Specifically, the standard should include: (1) a finding by a health professional that an individual poses a significant risk of spreading a contagious disease; (2) a quarantine order by a judicial authority or fact finder based on clear and convincing evidence that an individual poses a serious health risk; (3) an opportunity for a hearing and the right to appeal a quarantine …

Maximal Sensitive Dependence And The Optimal Path To Epidemic Extinction, Eric Forgoston, Simone Bianco, Leah B. Shaw, Ira B. Schwartz

Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Extinction of an epidemic or a species is a rare event that occurs due to a large, rare stochastic fluctuation. Although the extinction process is dynamically unstable, it follows an optimal path that maximizes the probability of extinction. We show that the optimal path is also directly related to the finite-time Lyapunov exponents of the underlying dynamical system in that the optimal path displays maximum sensitivity to initial conditions. We consider several stochastic epidemic models, and examine the extinction process in a dynamical systems framework. Using the dynamics of the finite-time Lyapunov exponents as a constructive tool, we demonstrate that …

Optimization Of Point-Of-Use Water Treatment Device For Disaster Relief, Margaret June Herzog

Master's Theses

Point-of-use (POU) drinking water treatment is a common method of providing drinking water in disaster relief situations when critical water infrastructure is damaged. In these cases, POU treatment devices can be used to treat local water until relief organizations set up more permanent water provision methods. One such POU technology is PŪR^® Purifier of Water, a combined coagulation/flocculation and disinfection chemical treatment sachet produced by Procter & Gamble. PŪR^® has been shown to treat contaminated water to meet water quality standards and guidelines set by the U.S. EPA for water purifiers and by the World Health Organization and …

Guns, Crime Control, And A Systemic Approach To Federal Sentencing, David E. Patton

Cardozo Law Review

Recent scholarship about the role of sentencing reform in reducing high levels of incarceration has focused on evidence-based, offender-specific solutions, such as how to better assess offenders' risk of recidivism and their amenability to diversionary programs. This Article proposes a new, systemic approach. In particular, it suggests that in cases where the primary rationale for steep sentences is crime reduction, as opposed to retributive notions of harm and blameworthiness, judges ought to engage in an evidence-based examination of how the government is making "use" of the sentences it seeks in its law enforcement efforts. And where the government's efforts fall …

Psychology Discipline Assessment Report For Psy 1601 In 2011, Psychology Discipline

Assessment of Student Learning Reports

No abstract provided.

Legacy - March 2011, South Carolina Institute Of Archaeology And Anthropology--University Of South Carolina

SCIAA Magazine - Legacy & PastWatch

Contents:

SCIAA Awarded Collections Grant.....p. 1
Director's Note: Expanding Boundaries of South Carolina Archaeology.....p. 2
Second Epidemiological Transition.....p. 4
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometry.....p. 7
2010 Topper Site Field Season.....p. 8
Preliminary Topper Lithic Spatial Analysis.....p. 16
Search for Two Civil War Prison Camps in Columbia.....p. 20
Francis Marion Research - Thank You to ART.....p. 21
2011 NEOMAP Project Update: Preserving Cultural Landscapes.....p. 22
Maymester Historical Ecology Field School - St. Croix, Virgin Islands.....p. 24
Six Archaeologists Funded by ART for 2011.....p. 28
ART/SCIAA Donors 2010-2011.....p. 30
Tribute to Edward and Dorothy Kendall Family Foundation.....p. 32
Public Lecture & 37th Annual …

The Long-Term Impact Of War On Health And Well-Being In Northern Vietnam: Some Glimpses From A Recent Survey, Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

War is considered one of the most intransigent obstacles to development; yet, the long-run effects of war on individual health have rarely been examined in the context of developing countries. Based on unique data recently collected as a pilot follow-up to the Vietnam Longitudinal Survey, this study examines health status of northern Vietnamese war cohorts (those who entered adulthood during the Vietnam War and now represent Vietnam’s older-adult population). To ascertain whether and how war impacts old-age physical and mental health, we compare multi-dimensional measures of health among war survivors, including civilians, combatants, noncombatants, and nonveterans involved in militia ctivities. …

The Impact Of Bisphenol A And Triclosan On Immune Parameters In The U.S. Population, Nhanes 2003–2006, Erin M. Rees Clayton, Megan Todd, Jennifer B. Dowd, Allison E. Aiello

Publications and Research

Background: Exposure to environmental toxicants is associated with numerous disease outcomes, many of which involve underlying immune and inflammatory dysfunction.

Objectives: To address the gap between environmental exposures and immune dysfunction, we investigated the association of two endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) with markers of immune function.

Methods: Using data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we compared urinary bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan levels with serum cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody levels and diagnosis of allergies or hay fever in U.S. adults and children ≥ 6 years of age. We used multivariate ordinary least squares linear regression models to examine …

Invasive Plant Species As Potential Bioenergy Producers And Carbon Contributors, Stephen L. Young, Gayathri Gopalakrishnan, Deepak R. Keshwani

West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte

Among recent advances in developing cellulosic and noncellulosic biofuel sources, corn, switchgrass, and others (for example, camelina and canola) have risen to the top. In surveying the landscape, a potentially promising new area of bioenergy production exists—invasive plant species. The addition of invasive plant species as a bioenergy source will help to diversify the nation’s energy dependence and help in the reduction of the negative environmental and social impacts from energy crop production. In addition, belowground carbon stores may provide an opportunity to reduce the impacts associated with global climate change.

In the agriculture sector, harvesting equipment is well advanced …

Factors Affecting Space Use Overlap By White-Tailed Deer In An Urban Landscape, W. David Walter, Jeff Beringer, Lonnie P. Hansen, Justin W. Fischer, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Kurt C. Vercauteren

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Variation in the size and overlap of space use by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has broad implications for managing deer–human conflicts and disease spread and transmission in urban landscapes. Understanding which factors affect overlap of home range by various segments (i.e., age, sex) of an urban deer population has implications to direct contact between deer on disease epidemiology. We assessed size of home range and overlap of space use using the volume of intersection index (VI) for deer in an urban landscape by sex, age, season, and time of day. We found mean space use was larger for …

Periodontal Ligament And Gingival Fibroblasts Participate In The Production Of Tgf-Β, Interleukin (Il)-8 And Il-10, Ana Carolina Morandini, Carla Renata Sipert, Erivan Schnaider Ramos-Junior, Daniel Thomas Brozoski, Carlos Ferreira Santos

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the production of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10 by human cultured periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts both obtained from the same donors challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Fibroblasts were exposed to 0.1-10 µg/mL of LPS from P. gingivalis and after 24 h the supernatants were collected and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TGF-β protein production was upregulated in a concentration-dependent manner, mainly in gingival fibroblasts, which was statistically significant when challenged by 10 µg/mL LPS. Additionally, at this concentration, gingival fibroblasts had almost …

Low Levels Of Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulate Corneal Epithelial Cell Adhesion, Migration, And Wound Healing, Qing Pan, Wen-Ya Qiu, Ya-Nan Huo, Yu-Feng Yao, Marjorie F. Lou

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

PURPOSE. Intracellular reactive oxygen species have been reported to associate with growth factor and integrin signalings in promoting cell adhesion in many cell types. This study is to explore if exogenous H2O2 at low levels can be beneficial to cell adhesion, migration, and wound healing.

METHODS. Primary rabbit corneal epithelial cells treated with 0–70 M H2O2 were tested for viability by MTT assay, adhesion by centrifugation assay, focal contacts of vinculin and F-actin by immunofluorescence, activated Src(pY416), EGF receptor (pY845), vinculin(pY1065), FAK(pY397), and FAK(pY576) by immunoblotting. Cell migration was examined with 0–50 M H2O2 using the scratch wound technique. Corneal …

Screening Of Hepatitis B And C And Human Immunodeficiency Virus In Infertile Couples In Saudi Arabia, Aisha A. Mansoor, Abdalla I. Salih, Dania H. Al-Jaroudi

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a group of infertile couples attending a tertiary care facility in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was performed by reviewing medical records of 500 couples referred to the Reproductive Endocrine and Infertility Medicine Department of the Women9s Specialized Hospital at King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between January 2006 and December 2008. All patients were screened for HBV markers (hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody, hepatitis B core antibody, hepatitis Be antigen), …

Early Colonization Of Intestinal Bifidobacteria And Lactobacilli In The Postoperative Neonates With Congenital Intestinal Atresia, Ren Wang, Jinjin Chen

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To observe the early colonization of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli (B&L) in the postoperative neonate patients (NPs) with congenital intestinal atresia (CIA). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in Shanghai Children9s Hospital, Shanghai, China between February 2009 to August 2010 on 18 postoperative NPs with CIA (NP group), and 20 healthy full-term neonates raised by breastfeeding (healthy group). The fecal B&L in the 2 groups of neonates were consecutively quantified by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction on 6 different time points. RESULTS: The mean levels (log/g feces) of B&L in the NPs group were significantly lower than in the …

Host-Microbial Symbiosis In The Vertebrate Gastrointestinal Tract And The Lactobacillus Reuteri Paradigm, Jens Walter, Robert A. Britton, Stefan Roos

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Vertebrates engage in symbiotic associations with vast and complex microbial communities that colonize their gastrointestinal tracts. Recent advances have provided mechanistic insight into the important contributions of the gut microbiome to vertebrate biology, but questions remain about the evolutionary processes that have shaped symbiotic interactions in the gut and the consequences that arise for both the microbes and the host. Here we discuss the biological principles that underlie microbial symbiosis in the vertebrate gut and the potential of the development of mutualism. We then review phylogenetic and experimental studies on the vertebrate symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri that have provided novel insight …

Persistent Infection Or Successive Reinfection Of Deer Mice With Bartonella Vinsonii Subsp. Arupensis, Ying Bai, Charles H. Calisher, Michael Y. Kosoy, J. Jeffrey Root, Jeffrey B. Doty

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Bartonella infections are common in rodents. From 1994 to 2006, longitudinal studies of a rodent community, consisting mainly of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), were conducted in southwestern Colorado to study hantaviruses. Blood samples from deer mice captured one or more times during the period 2003 to 2006 (n = 737) were selected to study bartonellae in deer mice. Bartonellae were found to be widely distributed in that population, with an overall prevalence of 82.4% (607/737 mice). No correlation was found between bartonella prevalence and deer mouse weight or sex. Persistent or successive infections with bartonellae were observed …

Limited Transplantation Of Antigen-Expressing Hematopoietic Stem Cells Induces Long-Lasting Cytotoxic T Cell Responses, Warren L. Denning, Jun Xu, Siqi Guo, Christopher A. Klug, Zdenek Hel

Bioelectrics Publications

Harnessing the ability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to recognize and eradicate tumor or pathogen-infected cells is a critical goal of modern immune-based therapies. Although multiple immunization strategies efficiently induce high levels of antigen-specific CTLs, the initial increase is typically followed by a rapid contraction phase resulting in a sharp decline in the frequency of functional CTLs. We describe a novel approach to immunotherapy based on a transplantation of low numbers of antigen-expressing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) following nonmyeloablative or partially myeloablative conditioning. Continuous antigen presentation by a limited number of differentiated transgenic hematopoietic cells results in an induction and …

Context, Choice, And Rights: Phs Community Services Society V Canada (Attorney General)

UBC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Father Death And Adult Success Among The Tsimane: Implications For Marriage And Divorce, Jeffrey Winking, Michael Gurven, Hillard Kaplan

ESI Publications

Human fathers are heavily involved in the rearing of children around the world. While there is great cross-cultural variation, the father is a recognizable role in all populations. This deviates from the standard mammalian pattern of little paternal investment. A logical explanation offered early by evolutionary theorists is that human fathers evolved the capacity for paternal concern because human children are remarkably needy and impose a great encumbrance on the mother (Lancaster & Lancaster, 1983; Lovejoy, 1981). Thus, fathers have greater opportunity to enhance the wellbeing of child and mother, as there is a deeper well of need to fill. …

Improving Outcomes For Hispanic Patients Undergoing Peginterferon/Ribavirin Therapy For Chronic Hepatitis C In An Internist-Led, Multidisciplinary, Multi-Cultural Practice: A Unique Application Of The Medical, Joseph L. Yozviak Do, Facp, Orlando J. Penaloza Md, Facp, Judith A. Knoop

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Urological Involvement In Renal Transplantation., Daniel D Sackett, Pooja Singh, Costas D Lallas

Department of Urology Faculty Papers

Historically, urologists were the primary surgeons in renal transplantation. Specialization and increased complexity of the field of transplantation, coupled with a de-emphasis of vascular surgical training in urology, has created a situation where many renal transplants are carried out by surgeons with a general surgery background. Because of its genitourinary nature, however, urological input in renal transplantation is still vital. For living donors, a urologist should be involved to help evaluate and prepare certain patients for eventual donation. This could involve both medical and surgical intervention. Additionally, urologists who carry out living donor nephrectomy maintain a sense of ownership in …

Targeted Drug-Resistance Testing Strategy For Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Detection, Lima, Peru, 2005–2008, Gustavo E. Velásquez, Martin Yagui, J Peter Cegielski, Luis Asencios, Jaime Bayona, Cesar Bonilla, Hector O. Jave, Gloria Yale, Carmen Suárez, Sidney Atwood, Carmen C. Contreras, Sonya S. Shin

Dartmouth Scholarship

The Peruvian National Tuberculosis Control Program issued guidelines in 2006 specifying criteria for culture and drug-susceptibility testing (DST), including district-level rapid DST. All patients referred for culture and DST in 2 districts of Lima, Peru, during January 2005–November 2008 were monitored prospectively. Of 1,846 patients, 1,241 (67.2%) had complete DST results for isoniazid and rifampin; 419 (33.8%) patients had multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB at the time of referral. Among patients with new smear-positive TB, household contact and suspected category I failure were associated with MDR TB, compared with concurrent regional surveillance data. Among previously treated patients with smear-positive TB, adult household …

Outcomes And Cost Analysis Of The Impact Of Unit-Level Nurse Staffing On Post-Discharge Utilization, Kathleen Bobay, Olga Yakusheva, Marianne E. Weiss

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Potential Role Of Tigecycline In The Treatment Of Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia, M. L. Townsend, M. W. Pound, R. H. Drew

Pharmacy Practice

Tigecycline is a member of the glycylcycline class of antimicrobials, which is structurally similar to the tetracycline class. It demonstrates potent in vitro activity against causative pathogens that are most frequently isolated in patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP), including (but not limited to) Streptococcus pneumoniae (both penicillin-sensitive and -resistant strains), Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis (including β-lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae, and ‘atypical organisms’ (namely Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila). Comparative randomized clinical trials to date performed in hospitalized patients receiving tigecycline 100 mg intravenous (IV) × 1 and then 50 mg IV twice daily thereafter have demonstrated …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation Of The Successful Sterilization Of Lucilia Cuprina (Wiedemann) Utilized In Maggot Debridement Therapy (Mdt), Y.S. Yeong, Wasi Ahmad Nazni, R.L. Santana, I. Mohd Noor, H.L. Lee, Mohd Sofian-Azirun

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

In Malaysia, maggot debridement therapy (MDT) utilizes maggots of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) to debride necrotic tissue from wound surface, reduce bacterial infection and therefore, enhance wound healing process. To evaluate the sterility of the sterile maggots produced after sterilization process before delivering onto patient wounds. Sterility of sterile maggots is crucial in ensuring the safe usage of MDT and patient’s health. Eggs of L. Cuprina collected from a laboratory colony were divided into treated group (sterilized) and control group (non-sterilized). Treated group underwent sterilization while eggs from control group were allowed to hatch without sterilization. Sodium hypochlorite and formaldehyde were …

Prevalence Of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 And 2 In A Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic In Miami, Maya Morrison-Bryant, Maria Alcaide, Khaled Deeb, Jose G. Castro

Florida Public Health Review

The Prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 among STD clinics in Miami is not known. The objective of this study was to evaluate infection rates of HSV 1 and 2, and to describe the socio-demographic characteristics, sexual orientation and co-infection with HIV and other STIs, in individuals attending a Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) clinic in Miami. A cross-sectional study of 663 patients tested for HSV type-specific serology or herpes culture during the year 2007 was performed. An overall infection rate of HSV-1 was 42.1% and 36.7% for HSV-2. Statistically higher infection rates for HSV-1and 2 were seen among Hispanics (56.7%, 54.4%) …

A Specific Interaction Of Small Molecule Entry Inhibitors With The Envelope Glycoprotein Complex Of The Junín Hemorrhagic Fever Arenavirus, Celestine J. Thomas, Hedi E. Casquilho-Gray, Joanne York, Dianne L. Decamp, Dongcheng Dai, Erin B. Petrilli, Dale L. Boger, Richard A. Slayden, Sean M. Amberg, Stephen Sprang, Jack H. Nunberg

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Arenaviruses are responsible for acute hemorrhagic fevers worldwide and are recognized to pose significant threats to public health and biodefense. Small molecule compounds have recently been discovered that inhibit arenavirus entry and protect against lethal infection in animal models. These chemically distinct inhibitors act on the tripartite envelope glycoprotein (GPC) through its unusual stable signal peptide subunit to stabilize the complex against pH-induced activation of membrane fusion in the endosome. Here, we report the production and characterization of the intact transmembrane GPC complex of Junín arenavirus and its interaction with these inhibitors. The solubilized GPC is antigenically indistinguishable from the …

Community Reception For Founding Dean Hal Jenson, John M. Dunn

WMU President John Dunn

No abstract provided.