Digital Commons Network^™

In Vivo Anti-Malarial Activity Of Some Malaysian Traditional Plants: Community's Awareness And Ethnobotanical Survey / Abdulelah Hussien Ahmed Al-Adhroey, Ahmed Al-Adhroey Abdulelah Hussien

Student Works (2010-2019)

In Malaysia, located in the hot, humid equatorial region, malaria stills an important public health issue among rural and aboriginal people. In parallel with the implementation of Malaysia's malaria elimination programme, this cross-sectional was carried out among 223 households from forest-aboriginal and rural areas, Lipis district, Pahang state, to investigate the awareness of the communities regarding malaria: knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) and to establish a preliminary ethnobotanical database for the plants traditionally used to treat malaria. The in vivo anti-malarial activity of the methanol extracts of Cocos nucifera, Labisia pumila, Languas galanga and Piper betle selected based on the …

The Relationship Between Water, Health And Global Environmental Change, As Interpreted Through Five Key Multilateral Environmental Agreements (Meas), Pierre Horwitz, Lucilla Spini, Kathryn Campbell, R J Thomas, Jo Mulongoy

Research outputs 2011

For five Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), we have examined the way the relationship between water, health and global environmental change is expressed and how it has evolved recently. We recognize a distinction between an emphasis on water and reservoirs of water for health (for drinking water supplies, sanitation and hygiene), and a focus on places of water, where wetland ecosystems provide a service for human well-being which encompasses health. We also recognize a trend over time for the MEAs to increasingly address water, health and global change issues as a reaction to emerging infectious diseases and global pandemics. For both …

Spatio-Temporal Modelling Of Malaria Incidence For Evaluation Of Public Health Policy Interventions In Ghana, West Africa, Simon K. Appiah, Ute Mueller, James Cross

Research outputs 2011

Malaria is a major challenge to both the public health and the socio-economic development of Ghana. Major factors which account for this situation include poor environmental conditions and the lack of prevention services. In spite of the numerous intervention measures, the disease continues to be the most prevalent health problem in the country. The risk assessment reports for Ghana were based on household surveys which provide inadequate data for accurate analysis of incidence cases. This poses a serious threat to planning and management for the health care delivery system in Ghana. Malaria transmission varies with geographical location and time (or …

Health Care Reform's Effect On Private Medical Practices, Spencer R. Clark

CMC Senior Theses

In March of 2010, the 44^th President of the United States, Barack Obama, signed into law a health care reform bill that will change the medical and business approach to healthcare that has been witnessed for quite some time. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, aims to eliminate several inefficiencies encountered in our current health care system, as well as extend coverage by providing affordable care for the roughly forty six million Americans currently uninsured. Many of the changes will be implemented over the next several years, but hospitals, businesses, physicians, and insurance companies are no doubt planning …

Efficacy Of Fixed Infrared Thermography For Identification Of Subjects With Influenza-Like Illness, Christopher M. Hinnerichs

Harold L. Hodgkinson Award for Outstanding Dissertation

Due to pandemic threats and the occurrence of biological terrorism, technological advancements are being vetted, developed, and implemented as part of surveillance systems and tools. A potential surveillance tool is infrared thermography (IRT), and its efficacy for screening was the focus of this dissertation. IRT-screened participants' temperatures were compared to laboratory diagnostics to confirm the presence or absence of influenza-like illness (ILI). An archival dataset of personnel on United States Navy and Marine vessels that were identified as exceeding an ILI threshold limit provided the data for the 320 study participants. Using a guiding thermo-science framework, derived from past IRT …

The Great Influenza Of 1918 And The Alabama Debacle, Maya J. Orr

Vulcan Historical Review

pp. 70-96

Duration Of Immunity Following The Administration Of Oil-Based Avian Influenza H_5n_1 Vaccine In Layers, Maryam Nisar, Anwar-Ul Haq, Asif Rashid, Muhammad Iqbal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Avian influenza (AI) occurs worldwide and causes tremendous economic losses. The disease is characterised by respiratory signs, depression, and reduced food and water intake. In the present study, an oil-based vaccine created by using Montanide ISA 70 MVG, was prepared and the duration of immunity checked at different time intervals. For this purpose, the cumulative mean titre (CMT) was calculated after employing haemagglutination inhibition test in 50 pullets at day zero before vaccination and then inoculated 0.3 mL of emulsified vaccine subcutaneously in 40 birds while 10 birds were kept non-vaccinated as a control group throughout the experiment. On day …

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis In A Recirculating Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Culture System, Nasrollah Ahmadi, Mostafa Akhlaghi, Ahmad Oryan, Arsalan Hosseini

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

During October 2009, a suspected outbreak of infectious pancreatic necrosis, with typical signs and high mortality, was observed in cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry (mean weight of 9 g) in a recirculating system in Fars Province, Iran. Tissue samples, including pyloric caeca as well as pancreatic tissues, liver, kidney, and spleen, were aseptically collected from 20 affected moribund fish for histopathological and molecular assays. Histopathologically, the exocrine pancreatic acinar cells exhibited the most notable pathology, including focal to extensive degeneration and coagulative necrosis with mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates. To confirm the diagnosis of clinical infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), a reverse …

Focus, 2011, Winter, Andrews University

Focus

FOCUS (ISSN 1077-9345) is published quarterly, free of charge, for alumni and friends of Andrews University, an institution owned and operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Rethinking Addiction: Drugs, Deterrence, And The Neuroscience Revolution, Linda C. Fentiman

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This article connects the debate about addiction with the fundamental criminal law principle of deterrence. It seeks to bridge the gap between the competing medical and criminal justice approaches by exploring addiction in light of recent research about the brain, gender differences, and what works best from both a treatment and justice perspective. To sharpen the issues, the article deliberately focuses on the emotionally freighted subject of pregnant drug users. This approach will illuminate prevailing assumptions about how biological, genetic, cultural, and other environmental factors shape human behavior and challenge conventional understandings of deterrence in light of new research on …

Biofilm Production By Clinical Staphylococcus Aureus And Its Inhibition By Hypericum Metabolites, Simon Antranik Sarkisian

Open Access Master's Theses

Evolution has allowed bacteria to develop sophisticated methods of survival. One of these methods is biofilm production. Biofilms can be best described as complex bacterial communities embedded in a self-producing slime. Once bacteria form these biofilm communities, they become very difficult to treat with antibiotics. Along with biofilm production, another rising concern is antibiotic resistance. Bacterial resistance to many of our current antibiotics is sharply increasing, thereby creating a critical need to develop novel antimicrobial drugs.

The most successful strategy for the discovery of new antibacterial agents has been the study of molecules from nature. Most of our current clinical …

In Re Miguel M., Jonathan Weinstein

NYLS Law Review

No abstract provided.

Investigations Into The Use Of The M-Protein For The Production Of A Vaccine Against Streptococcus Equi Subspecies Equi Using Chicken Igy, Rachel Lantz

Senior Honors Theses

Strangles is a destructive disease in horses caused by an infection of the bacteria Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. Current vaccines designed to protect horse populations for this infection are only 50% effective at preventing the disease. The aim of this study was to develop a vaccine against Streptococcus equi by targeting the antiphagocytic virulence factor of the bacteria, the M-Protein (SeM18). SeM18 was expressed using the ampicillin resistant pET vector system and purified by metal affinity column using Cu(II). Purified protein was used to vaccinate chickens, and the anti-SeM18 IgY present in the yolk of the eggs produced by …

New Directions In U.S. National Security Strategy, Defense Plans, And Diplomacy: A Review Of Official Strategic Documents, Richard L. Kugler

Books and Book Chapters

Where are U.S. national security strategy, defense plans, and diplomacy headed in the coming years? An answer to this important question comes from seven official studies that have been issued during 2010.

The Need To Quantify Ecosystem Services Provided By Birds, Daniel G. Wenny, Travis L. Devault, Matthew D. Johnson, Dave Kelly, Cagan H. Sekercioglu, Diana F. Tomback, Christopher J. Whelan

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

What are the birds worth--what is their actual dollar value to human society? To most of us in the ornithological community, birds are invaluable. But in these times we need more specific rationales to convince policy makers and business leaders to include bird conservation in land-use and development decisions. Over the past two decades, awareness of our dependence on a variety of ecosystem services (natural ecological processes that benefit human society) and of their importance and prevalence has progressed toward the goal of making conservation a mainstream value. Building strategies for the protection of ecosystem services into conservation and land-use …

Contact Investigation Of Bus Travelers Exposed To A Passenger With Contagious Tuberculosis, Parvathy Pillai, Andrea Saunders, Tiffany Bateman, G. Allen Heimann, Paul J. Edelson, Curi Kim

Michigan Journal of Public Health

Multiple barriers exist to conducting contact investigations for tuberculosis after bus travel, and the degree of transmission risk to bus contacts is uncertain. We describe a patient with active infectious tuberculosis and the contact investigation that took place following her 5 hour bus trip across the United States-Canadian border.

Reforming The World Health Organization, Devi Sridhar, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Director-General Margaret Chan recently called the WHO overextended and unable to respond with speed and agility to today’s global health challenges. Given the importance of global health cooperation, few would dispute that a stronger, more effective WHO would benefit all. In this commentary, we offer 5 proposals for re-establishing WHO’s leadership.
 
(1) Give Real Voice to Multiple Stakeholders
The WHO would be more effective by giving real voice and representation to key stakeholders, including philanthropies, businesses, public/private partnerships, and civil society. Meaningful stakeholder engagement would instill confidence, and spark investment, in the agency.
 
(2) Improve Transparency, Performance and Accountability
Stakeholders …

Landscape Ecology Of Amphibians And Their Parasites In The Sheyenne National Grasslands, Kyle D. Gustafson

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Transboundary Animal Diseases And Their Likelihood To Be Used In An Agroterrorist Attack On The United States, James Willard Allen

Honors Theses

All data and information contained in this investigation are open source and publically available. The assessment uses six different transboundary animal diseases which are not currently routine occurrences in the United States and through analytic methods, assesses the likelihood that each might be used in an agroterrorist attack on the United States' animal production sector. The assessment examines each disease using key details that would directly affect the likelihood of its use in an attack, focusing on potential economic damage. The three main animal populations considered are bovine, swine, and poultry due to their large size and value in domestic …

Emancipatory Pedagogy Through Serialized Heuristic Reflection: Fostering Self-Awareness Of Dental Students' Prejudicial Beliefs, Deborah Narcisso

Master's Theses

This study investigated dental students' prejudicial beliefs towards underserved patient populations as an upstream constituent of provider attitudinal barriers to care. The objectives were to explore the nature of prejudicial beliefs, to assess the value of critical reflection as essential preparation for patient care, and to identify insights that would inform the preclinical curriculum that, ultimately, reduce oral health disparity.

An original reflection assignment was introduced into the preclinical curriculum of first year dental students to journal about the legitimacy of their prejudicial beliefs. Results indicated dental students identified a range of prejudicial beliefs and, through self-direction, experienced awareness and …

Rock Pigeon Use Of Livestock Facilities In Northern Colorado: Implications For Improving Farm Bio-Security, James C. Carlson, Larry Clark, Michael F. Antolin, Mo D. Salman

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Rock pigeons (Columba livia) have been implicated in the spread of pathogens within commercial livestock facilities. Currently, there is no data characterizing pigeon habitat use and movement patterns within and among commercial livestock facilities. To better understand the capacity for pigeons to spread pathogens, we used radio-telemetry techniques to estimate the home-range, travel distance, activity, and habitat use of pigeons roosting on and off dairies and feedlots in western Weld County, Colorado. Our observations suggest that pigeons roosting on (resident) and off (nonresident) livestock facilities use habitat differently. Nonresident pigeons used larger home-range areas than did resident pigeons. …

Adapting Health-Risk Communication To The Specific Cultural Contexts Of Diverse Populations : An Assessment Of Malaria-Treatment Programs In Liberia, Nathaniel Galarea Gbessagee

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Drawing on theories of technical communication, rhetoric, literacy, language and culture, and medical anthropology, this dissertation explores how local culture and traditions can be incorporated into health-risk-communication-program design and implementation, including the design and dissemination of health-risk messages. In a modern world with increasing global economic partnerships, mounting health and environmental risks, and cross-cultural collaborations, those who interact with people of different cultures have “a moral obligation to take those cultures seriously, including their social organization and values” (Hahn and Inhorn 10). Paradoxically, at the same time as we must carefully adapt health, safety, and environmental-risk messages to diverse cultures …

Farmer Land Allocation For Maize, Groundnut And Cotton Production In Chipata District, Eastern Province, Zambia, Kristina M. Denison

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Small-scale farmers in the Chipata District of Zambia rely on their farm fields to grow maize and groundnuts for food security. Cotton production and surplus food security crops are used to generate income to provide for their families. With increasing population pressure, available land has decreased and farmers struggle to provide the necessary food requirements and income to meet their family’s needs. The purpose of the study was to determine how a farmer can best allocate his land to produce maize, groundnuts and cotton when constrained by labor and capital resources to generate the highest potential for food security and …

Through Our Eyes: A Qualitative Study Of Indian Mothers And Their Perceptions Of Autism, Jessy Sara Jacob Pathappillil

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

This qualitative study focuses on the awareness and perceptions of autism among Indian mothers residing in the United States. Through a semi-structure interview, the author examined the responses of Indian mothers regarding what life would be like for an Indian mother who has a child with autism. The results indicated that there continues to be a lack of awareness regarding autism because of the high levels of stigma associated with any form of mental illness. Mothers felt that the lives of an Indian mother and her child who has autism would be difficult because of complex cultural expectations and traditions. …

Current Development Of The Ndx-1 Prototype : Critical Analysis Of The Actual Status, Lynn Van Broock

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Primary Erythromelalgia - Case Report, Lígia G. De Albuquerque, Emmanuel R. De França, Valter Kozmhinsky, Marina Coutinho Querino, Amanda Guedes Domingues De Morais

ETSU Faculty Works

Erythromelalgia is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by heat, redness and intermittent pain in the extremities, being most frequent the bilateral development in the lower extremities. Local cooling brings relief to symptoms, while heating, physical exercises and use of stockings/socks intensify the discomfort. This condition can be primary or idiopathic or secondary to haematological disorders and vascular inflammatory and degenerative diseases. It is reported the case of an eighteen-year-old male who presented, at the early age of two, development of the symptoms of erythema, heat and pain followed by desquamation of hands and feet, in outbreaks, with intervals 4 to …

Hibernacula Microclimate And White-Nose Syndrome Susceptibility In The Little Brown Myotis (Myotis Lucifugus), Laura Grieneisen

Master’s Theses

The objective of this project was to determine the relationship between hibernacula microclimate and White-nose Syndrome (WNS), an emerging infectious disease in bats. Microclimate was examined on a species scale and at the level of the individual bat to determine if there was a difference in microclimate preference between healthy and WNS-affected little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) and to determine the role of microclimate in disease progression. There is anecdotal evidence that colder, drier hibernacula are less affected by WNS. This was tested by placing rugged temperature and humidity dataloggers in field sites throughout the eastern USA, experimentally determining the …

Longevity Policy: Facing Up To Longevity Issues Affecting Social Security, Pensions, And Older Workers, John A. Turner

Upjohn Press

Turner argues that public policy should recognize longevity policy as a distinct policy area. Rather than separately treating issues raised by life expectancy (e.g., Social Security, pensions, older workers), a unified approach should be developed that recognizes their interrelationship.

A Retrospective Study To Evaluate The Efficacy Of Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Tmp/Smx) Compared To Daptomycin Or Linezolid For The Treatment Of Infections Due To Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa), Aparna Lakshmi Murari

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is still considered one of the most significant human pathogens in terms of morbidity, mortality, and costs. Vancomycin should be avoided if possible for the treatment of MRSA when the Minimum Inhibiting Concentration (MIC) to Vancomycin is 2μg/mL, as it poses a therapeutic challenge. Main therapeutic options include Daptomycin and Linezolid, two new, expensive drugs, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(TMP/SMX), an old, inexpensive agent. Study aims were to compare the clinical efficacy and potential cost savings associated with TMP/SMX use.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Detroit Medical Center. For calendar year 2009, unique adult patients (>18 years) …

Clinical Use Of Probiotics: A Survey Of Physicians’ Beliefs And Practice Patterns, Anastasia Ensminger

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Background: Probiotics have the potential to be used as a preventive agent or adjuvant therapy for various medical conditions, and recent research is beginning to illuminate some of the associated benefits. Some clinicians currently prescribe probiotics in practice. Understanding physicians’ beliefs and practice patterns regarding the use of probiotics will help identify current practices, barriers preventing their acceptance, and the sources of information that impact clinical practice.

Objective: To identify and describe physicians’ beliefs and practice patterns regarding the use of probiotics.

Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire was administered to 130 physicians employed by or affiliated with Danville …