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Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Steers Fed Low-Fat And Normal-Fat Wet Distillers Grains, Jennifer A. Gigax, Brandon L. Nuttelman, William A. Griffin Griffin, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) varying in fat content (6.7 vs. 12.9 %) were fed at 35% of the diet DM to compare fat level from WDGS on cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Final BW, hot carcass weight, and ADG were increased for steers fed 12.9% fat WDGS compared to steers fed corn or 6.7% fat WDGS. Steers fed 6.7% fat WDGS or corn control diets had identical DMI, ADG, and F:G.

Effect Of Stocking Rate On Animal Performance And Diet Quality While Grazing Cornstalks, Jennifer A. Gigax, Crystal D. Buckner, L. Aaron Stalker Stalker, Terry Klopfenstein, Simon J. Van Donk

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Four treatments were used to evaluate levels of corn residue removal on nutrient quality and cattle performance over time. Treatments included no removal of residue, stocking rates of one or two animal unit months/acre (AUM/acre), or baling. Residue samples were taken before and after grazing from all treatment paddocks to determine residue amounts, and were analyzed for OM, CP, NDF, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). Cattle weights and BCS scores were recorded prior to and at the conclusion of the trial. Cattle consumed husk and leaf material first, followed by cobs at a lesser rate. Husk and leaf …

Mud Effects On Feedlot Cattle, Terry L. Mader

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Estimated mud depth and benefits of bedding were simulated under winter environmental conditions. In general, providing greater pen area per animal decreased mud depth. At lower temperatures (16 °F), 250 or 350 ft² of pen space produced similar depths of mud and approximately 1 inch less than with the 150 ft² allocations. Under the coldest (16 °F) and wettest (6 inches total precipitation) conditions, cost of gain (COG) was 56.1% ($1.07/lb) greater than with no precipitation falling at 26 °F, while use of bedding reduced COG to $0.80 /lb or just 17.3% greater than COG under more ideal …

Effects Of A Dietary Antioxidant On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Feedlot Cattle With Or Without Wdgs, Justin P. Moore, Stephanie A. Furman, Galen Erickson Erickson, Karla H. Jenkins, Judson Vasconcelos, Martin A. Andersen, Casey N. Macken

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Effect of a dietary antioxidant in dietswith or without wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) was evaluated for performance and carcass characteristics. The 2 x 2 factorial design consisted of 1) an antioxidant at 0 or 150 ppm (Agrado Plus) and 2) WDGS at 0 or 30%, which replaced dry-rolled corn. Feeding the antioxidant did not affect performance (P > 0.31) or carcass characteristics (P > 0.25). Feeding WDGS increased (P < 0.01) final body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), and average daily gain (ADG) while decreasing the feed to gain (F:G) ratio (P < 0.01). Carcass characteristics were affected (P < 0.01) by feeding WDGS, which increased HCW and fatness.

Effect Of Corn Hybrid On Amount Of Residue Available For Grazing, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Jennifer A. Gigax, L. Aaron Stalker Stalker, Terry Klopfenstein, Matt Stockton, Karla H. Jenkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Twelve corn hybrids were evaluated to determine differences in corn grain yield and crop residue DM. Hybrids did not differ in corn grain yield but differed in amount of stems, leaves, husks, and cobs. Differences also existed in the ratio of corn grain to total residue production and corn grain to leaf and husk, indicating potential differences in plant efficiency independent of the amount of grain produced.

Effect Of Source And Level Of Sulfur On Rumen Metabolism And Finishing Performance, Cody A. Nichols, Kelsey Rolfe, Crystal D. Buckner Buckner, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Five ruminally fistulated steers fitted with rumen gas extraction cannula plugs were utilized to quantify ruminal pH and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) levels produced at different times post feeding. Diets consisted of 1) 28.5% WDGS, 37.5% Sweet Bran®, 4% corn bran, 0% alfalfa hay; 2) 28.5% WDGS, 37.5% Sweet Bran, 7.5% alfalfa, 4% corn bran; 3) 44% WDGS, 44% Sweet Bran, 7.5% alfalfa; 4) 50% WDGS, 37.5% DRC, 7.5% alfalfa; and 5) 87.5% Sweet Bran, 7.5% Aafalfa. Dry matter intake was different (P = 0.05) across treatments. Steers fed diets containing 44% WDGS and 44% Sweet Bran had greater …

Comparing Dry, Wet, Or Modified Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Feedlot Cattle Performance, Brandon L. Nuttelman, William A. Griffin, Joshua R. Benton Benton, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Three types of distillers grains (DG): 1) wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS), 2) dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS), or 3) modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS), included at 3 levels: 20%, 30%, or 40% the diet DM, and a corn-based control compared the effect of drying distillers grains on feedlot performance. Type of DG had no effect on ADG (P = 0.30), but DMI increased for MDGS and DDGS compared to WDGS (P < 0.01). Therefore, F:G was improved for WDGS (P < 0.01) compared to MDGS and DDGS. Gain was greater and F:G was lower when DG were fed compared to the corn control. The feeding value of WDGS was 35.4% and 17.8% greater than DDGS and MDGS, respectively. The feeding value was 45.7%, 26.5%, and 9.3% more than corn for WDGS, MDGS, and DDGS, respectively.

The Effect Of Drying Distillers Grains On Nutrient Metabolism, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Kelsey M. Rolfe, Galen Erickson Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Ruminally cannulated steers were used in a 4 x 6 unbalanced Latin square. Treatments consisted of a corn-based control (CON), wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS), modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS), or dry distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) included at 40% of the diet DM. There were no differences (P > 0.73) observed for DMI, or for DM, OM, or fat digestibility. Steers fed diets containing distillers grains had greater NDF intake compared to CON (P < 0.01). There were no differences in NDF digestibility between WDGS, MDGS, and DDGS (P > 0.37); however, CON diets had lower (P < 0.06) NDF digestibility than WDGS and DDGS. Average ruminal pH tended (P = 0.14) to be impacted by dietary treatment with steers fed DDGS having a greater pH than steers fed CON, MDGS, and WDGS, which were not different from one another.

Effects Of Feeding High Levels Of Wet Distillers Grains And Straw On Beef Quality, Siroj Pokharel, Chris Calkins, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Lasika S. Senaratne, Jeremy B. Hinkle, Timothy P. Carr, Galen Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cattle (n = 336; 595 ± 20 lb) were fed one of seven diets (corn/5% straw; 40% distillers grain (DG)/5% straw; 70% DG/8% straw; 70% DG/25% straw; 77.5% DG/9% straw; 77.5% DG/17% straw, and 85% DG/10% straw – DM basis) to measure effects of feeding high levels of DG on shelf life of aged beef. Except for 70% DG/25% straw, strip loins were cut into three steaks each after 20 days of postmortem aging for 0, 4, and 7 days of retail display. The treatment having 70% DG/8% straw had the greatest oxidation status. Trans fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty …

Effect Of Pen Cleaning Frequency And Feeding Distillers Grains And Wheat Straw On Nutrient Mass Balance And Performance Of Feedlot Steers, Amy R. Rich, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, Joshua R. Benton, William A. Griffin

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two experiments, calves fed November to May (WINTER) and yearlings fed May to September (SUMMER), were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding a high level of wet distillers grains plus soluble (WDGS) and wheat straw or a corn control diet (CON) on average daily gain (ADG), feed-to-gain (F:G), manure nitrogen (N), and N losses. In both experiments, the CON treatment had greater dry matter intake(DMI), ADG hot carcass weight (HCW), marbling and fat depth. There was greater N intake and N excretion for both the WINTER and SUMMER experiments on the WDGS. However, for the WINTER experiment there was …

Effect Of Feeding More Than 70% Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Feedlot Cattle Performance, Amy R. Rich, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, Joshua R. Benton, William A. Griffin, Darrell Mark

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing trial evaluated effects of feeding greater than 70% wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) on feedlot cattle performance. The WDGS was fed at 40, 70, 77, and 85% of diet dry matter (DM), while roughage levels ranged from 5 to 25% across treatments. Larger ADG and G:F were observed with 40% WDGS and 5% roughage. Higher levels of WDGS were successfully fed with levels of roughage above 8% but the diets were less profitable than the 40% WDGS diet.

Supplementing Modified Wet Distillers Grains With Solubles To Long Yearling Steers Grazing Native Range, Kelsey M. Rolfe, William A. Griffin, Terry Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, Galen Erickson, Dennis Bauer

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Modified wet distillers grains with solubles (MDGS) were supplemented on the ground to yearling steers with access to native range during summer grazing. Supplemented steers had greater ADG than non-supplemented steers, and were heavier entering the feedlot. Supplemented steers also required 24 fewer days in the feedlot to reach a constant end point, compared to non-supplemented steers. Energy calculations suggest 1.0 lb of MDGS replaced 0.65 lb of summer range.

Effects Of Adaptation Diets Containing Wet Distillers Grains With Solubles Or Wet Corn Gluten Feed On Ruminal Ph, Intake And Hydrogen Sulfide, Jhones O. Sarturi, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, Judson Vasconcelos, Marco G. Dib, Kelsey Rolfe

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A grain adaptation metabolism trial was conducted to compare wet corn gluten feed (WCGF, Sweet Bran®, Cargill) to wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS). In both strategies, co-products were fed at decreasing levels (87.5% to 35% of DM). The WCGF step-up strategy resulted in greater DMI than WDGS for cattle fed steps 1, 2, and 3. The average of ruminal pH was lower for WDGS with steps 2 and 3 compared to WCGF. No differences in H₂S between treatments were observed. Both WCGF and WDGS adaptation strategies resulted in safe ruminal pH, DMI, and H₂S, even …

Effects Of Sulfur Content Of Distillers Grains In Beef Cattle Finishing Diets On Intake, Ruminal Ph, And Hydrogen Sulfide, Jhones O. Sarturi, Galen E. Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, Judson Vasconcelos, Kelsey Rolfe

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A metabolism study was conducted to evaluate dietary sulfur (S) in beef cattle finishing diets formulated with wet and dry distillers grains with solubles (DGS) containing low (0.82%) and high (1.16%) S concentration. There was no interaction between moisture and S for intake, DM digestibility, or hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). Steers fed low S DGS consumed more feed than steers fed high S DGS. Subtle differences were observed for ruminal pH variables. Propionate and butyrate concentrations decreased when high sulfur DGS was fed. Sulfur of DGS impacts intake, VFA, and ruminal H₂S concentration. Wet DGS may be …

Intramuscular Tenderness And Muscle Fiber Orientation Of Beef Round Muscles, Lasika S. Senaratne, Chris Calkins, Amilton S. De Mello Mello, Siroj Pokharel, Jeremy B. Hinkle

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Intramuscular tenderness and muscle fiber orientation variations of beef round m. adductor femoris (AF), m. biceps femoris (BF), m. semimembranosus (SM), and m. semitendinosus (ST) were investigated. The first two proximal steaks of long head of BF were more tender than the rest. The tenderness decreased from the middle of the ST muscle to both ends. The anterior sides of the long head BF and ST were tougher than their posterior sides. The first four steaks of the SM were more tender than rest of the muscle. There was a significant tenderness increment from the middle of the AF to …

Shelf Life Of M. Longissimus Lumborum From Beef Fed Antioxidants And Wet Distillers Grains, Lasika S. Senaratne, Chris Calkins, Judson Vasconcelos Vasconcelos, Amilton S. De Mello, M. A. Andersen, Stephanie A. Furman, Siroj Pokharel

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crossbred steers (n = 483) were fed dry-rolled corn based finishing dietscontaining 0 or 30% wet distillers grains with the synthetic antioxidants, ethoxyquin and tertiary butyl hydroquinone (AGRADO®PLUS). Synthetic antioxidants reduced lipid and color deterioration of strip steaks at the end of the retail display period under high or atmosphericoxygen packaging conditions.

Integration Of Dna Marker Information Into Breeding Value Predictions, Matthew L. Spangler, Stephen D. Kachman, Kathryn J. Hanford Hanford, Mark Thallman, Gary Bennett, Warren M. Snelling, Larry Kuehn, John Pollak

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Calves from 20 herds representing seven breeds were genotyped with a reduced DNA marker panel for weaning weight. The marker panel used was derived using MARC Cycle VII animals. The results suggest marker effects based on this small panel are not robust across breeds and that methodology exists to integrate genomic information into the prediction of breeding values in a single breed context.

Statistics Used In The Nebraska Beef Report And Their Purpose

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The purpose of beef cattle and beef product research at UNL is to provide reference information that represents the various populations (cows, calves, heifers, feeders, carcasses, retail products, etc.) of beef production. Obviously, researchers cannot apply treatments to every member of a population; therefore, they must sample the population. The use of statistics allows researchers and readers of the Nebraska Beef Report the opportunity to evaluate separation of random (chance) occurrences and real biological effects of a treatment. Following is a brief description of the major statistics used in the beef report. For a more detailed description of the expectations …

Influencing Steer Performance Through Maternal Nutrition, Adam F. Summers, Kenneth H. Ramsay, Jim Teichert Teichert, T. L. Meyer, Rick N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cows were fed a 28% CP cube at one of two supplement levels, high (HN) or low (LN), while grazing dormant winter range during late gestation to determine the effects of maternal supplementation level on male progeny performance and carcass characteristics. Steer initial BW did not differ between treatments; however, year 1 steers from cows fed higher supplement levels had greater final BW, HCW, marbling scores, and carcass value compared with steers from cows receiving lower supplement levels. Year 2 HN steers had greater proportions grading USDA quality grade modest or greater when compared to steers from both treatments in …

Marketing Source-Verified Beef To Restaurant Patrons, Kimberly A. Varnold, Chris Calkins, B. Lynn Gordon Gordon, Wendy I. Umberger

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

To determine consumer ordering behaviors in high-end restaurants and to see if consumers are interested in the origin of their beef, both an online survey and in-restaurant taste testing were conducted. About two-thirds of the participants in the in-restaurant taste testing ordered the steak with either the state or farm-of-origin description. Compared to a non-source verified steak, taste participants were willing to pay $4.74 more for the steak with the state-of-origin description, and $8.75 more for the steak with the farm-of-origin description. Almost all of the participants acknowledged the best beef comes from the Midwest, specifically naming Nebraska as a …

Replacement Of Grazed Forage With Wdgs And Poor Quality Hay Mixtures, Sandra Villasanti, L. Aaron Stalker, Terry Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, Walter H. Schacht, Jerry D. Volesky

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A grazing study was conducted at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory, Whitman, Neb., to evaluate the effects of mixtures of wet distillers grains (WDGS) and straw or hay on grazed forage intake. There was no difference in ADG between the control and 70% hay/30% WDGS; however, steers supplemented with 60:40 blends of straw or hay with WDGS had higher ADG than the other two treatments. Range forage intake was decreased by 44% to 54% when steers were supplemented with the mixes. Feeding a mixture of WDGS and low-quality harvested-forage to cattle grazing rangeland may allow increasing stocking rate without decreasing animal …

Protein, Fiber, And Digestibility Of Selected Alternative Crops For Beef Cattle, Jennifer A. Walker, Karla H. Jenkins, Terry Klopfenstein Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Field peas, dry edible beans, pumpkins, chicory, beets, and beet pulp grown in western Nebraska were analyzed for their salvage value in beef cattle diets when they do not meet specifications for human consumption. The digestibilities of all the crops were high (61-88%). Beet pulp, beet root, and chicory root were low in CP (< 7%) while all other crops were greater than 9%. Neutral and acid detergent fiber were ≤ 50%. Lectins in raw dry edible beans force them to be limited to < 2% of diet DM. Palatability of chicory root can reduce intake.

Feedlot Cattle Performance When Fed Silage And Grain From Second-Generation Insect Protected Corn, Parental Line Or Reference Hybrids, Barry M. Weber, Brandon L. Nuttelman, William A. Griffin Griffin, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Feed conversion and carcass characteristics of cattle fed second generation insect-protected (Bt) corn and corn silage was compared to those fed a nontransgenic parental hybrid and two commercially available nontransgenic reference hybrids. Finishing performance and carcass characteristics were not influenced as a result of corn source.

Performance Of Growing Cattle Fed Corn Silage Or Grazing Corn Residue From Second Generation Insect-Protected (Mon 89034), Parental, Or Reference Corn Hybrids, Barry M. Weber, Brandon L. Nuttelman, William A. Griffin Griffin, Joshua R. Benton, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Effects of feeding second generation insect-protected transgenic corn (MON 89034) on growing steer performance was evaluated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, a corn silage-based diet was fed to growing steers in pens, and the transgenic test hybrid was compared to a non-transgenic parental hybrid and two commercially available reference hybrids. In Experiment 2, steers grazing corn residue of the transgenic test hybrid were compared to steers grazing a non-transgenic parental hybrid. In both experiments, growing performance was not affected by source of corn silage or residue.

2011 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cow/Calf

• Winter Grazing System and Supplementation of Beef Cows During Late Gestation Influence Heifer Progeny
• Influencing Steer Performance Through Maternal Nutrition
• Integration of DNA Marker Information into Breeding Value Predictions
• Granulosa Cell Gene Expression is Altered in Follicles from Cows with Differing Reproductive Longevity

Growing

• Performance of Growing Cattle Fed Corn Silage or Grazing Corn Residue from Second Generation Insect-protected (MON 89034), Parental, or Reference Corn Hybrids
• Nutrient Composition of Spoiled Wet Byproducts Mixed and Stored with Straw
• Use of Dry Rolled Corn, Dry or Wet distillers Grains Plus Solubles as an Energy Source in High Forage Diets for Growing …

Low-Fat Wet Distillers Grains And Beef Quality, Asia L. Haack, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Siroj Pokharel Pokharel, Lasika Senaratne, Jerilyn Hergenreder, Kim Varnold, Chris Calkins, Galen Erickson, Timothy Carr, D. Dwain Johnson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A low-fat (4.72%) wet distillers grain (LFWDG) diet was compared to a traditional wet distillers grain with solubles (WDGS) diet and a corn-based diet. All wet distillers diets increased polyunsaturated fatty acids in comparison to the control. The LFWDG diet caused greater oxidative rancidity and had a decreased shelf life; however, there was no change in sensory properties. The LFWDG diet evaluated in this study caused decreased oxidative stability of the muscle compared to the TWDGS and the control diets.

Digestibility Of Crop Residues After Chemical Treatment And Anaerobic Storage, Adam L. Shreck, Crystal D. Buckner, Galen Erickson Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, Michael J. Cecava

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate factors affecting crop residue digestibility. Corn stover, corn cobs, and wheat straw were alkaline treated at low (35%) or high (50%) moisture and then anaerobically stored at 30 °C or 40 °C. Chemical treatment increased in vitro DM digestibility of all residues by 14 to 21 percentage units (35% to 62% improvement). Samples stored at 50% DM and 40oC were most digestible. Cobs were inherently more digestible than straw or corn stalks. Percentage of total improvement in DM digestibility by optimizing DM, ambient temperature, and chemical treatment was: stalks, 43%; wheat straw, 38%;, and …

Albumin Precursorandhsp70modulatecornealwoundhealinginanorgan Culturemodel, Anwar Ali Siddiqui Aga Khan University, Shamim Mushtaq Shamim Mushtaq, Zulfiqaralinaqvi Zulfiqaralinaqvi, Nikhatahmed Nikhatahmed

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

In order to investigate the role of albumin precursor and Hsp70 in corneal wound healing, we have analyzed the distribution of these proteins in wounded and non-wounded corneas of rabbits and the effects of topical applications of anti-albumin precursor and anti-Hsp70 antibodies on wound healing. Anti-albumin precursor and anti-Hsp70 antibodies were topically applied in healing corneal epithelium of rabbit eyes in organ culture. Corneas were allowed to heal in vitro for up to 120 h in serum-free medium with 5 and 10 μg/ml or without (migrating control) anti-albumin precursor/ or anti-Hsp70 antibodies. Fibronectin (Fb) (5 μg/ml) was used as a …

Antispasmodic And Ca++ Antagonist Potential Of Marrubiin, A Labdane Type Diterpene From Phlomis Bracteosa, Javid Hussain, Riaz Ullah, Arif-Ullah Khan, Fazal Mabood, Mohammad Raza Shah, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Anwar Gilani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

A tricyclic labdane type diterpene was isolated for the first time from ethyl acetate soluble part of Phlomis bracteosa. Its structure was confirmed by x-ray which was found to be marrubiin. When studied in isolated rabbit jejunum, marrubiin caused concentration-dependent relaxation of spontaneous and high K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions, like that caused by verapamil, indicating that marrubiin exhibits spasmolytic activity, possibly mediated through Ca++ channel blocking action.

Requirement Of Argininosuccinate Lyase For Systemic Nitric Oxide Production, Ayelet Erez, Sandesh Cs. Nagamani, Oleg A. Shchelochkov, Muralidhar H. Premkumar, Philippe M. Campeau Campeau, Yuqing Chen, Harsha K. Garg, Li Li, Asad Mian, Terry K. Bertin, Jennifer O. Black, Heng Zeng, Yaoping Tang, Anilkumar K. Reddy, Marshall Summar, William E. O’Brien, David G. Harrison, William E. Mitch, Juan C. Marini, Judy L. Aschner, Nathan S. Bryan, Brendan Lee

Department of Emergency Medicine

Nitric oxide (NO) is crucial in diverse physiological and pathological processes. We show that a hypomorphic mouse model of argininosuccinate lyase (encoded by Asl) deficiency has a distinct phenotype of multiorgan dysfunction and NO deficiency. Loss of Asl in both humans and mice leads to reduced NO synthesis, owing to both decreased endogenous arginine synthesis and an impaired ability to use extracellular arginine for NO production. Administration of nitrite, which can be converted into NO in vivo, rescued the manifestations of NO deficiency in hypomorphic Asl mice, and a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-independent NO donor restored NO-dependent vascular reactivity in …