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2010

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Vygotsky And The Virtual Classroom: Sociocultural Theory Comes To The Communications Classroom, Michael Freeman Dec 2010

Vygotsky And The Virtual Classroom: Sociocultural Theory Comes To The Communications Classroom, Michael Freeman

Christian Perspectives in Education

No abstract provided.


Perceptions Of Immediacy, Cohesiveness, And Learning In Online Courses, Jason D. Baker Dec 2010

Perceptions Of Immediacy, Cohesiveness, And Learning In Online Courses, Jason D. Baker

Christian Perspectives in Education

No abstract provided.


A Summary Of The Findings Of The Study: Assessing The Impact Of Online Courses On The Spiritual Formation Of Adult Students, Mary Lowe Dec 2010

A Summary Of The Findings Of The Study: Assessing The Impact Of Online Courses On The Spiritual Formation Of Adult Students, Mary Lowe

Christian Perspectives in Education

No abstract provided.


Building Community And Facilitating Formation In Seminary Distance Education, Stephen D. Lowe Dec 2010

Building Community And Facilitating Formation In Seminary Distance Education, Stephen D. Lowe

Christian Perspectives in Education

No abstract provided.


Special Edition: Editors' Introduction, Jason D. Baker Dec 2010

Special Edition: Editors' Introduction, Jason D. Baker

Christian Perspectives in Education

No abstract provided.


Composites With Oriented Particles And Particle Networks, David A. Zumbrunnen Dec 2010

Composites With Oriented Particles And Particle Networks, David A. Zumbrunnen

Clemson Patents

A composite comprising a first melt processable material referred to as a masterbatch which includes particulate material master batch and a second melt-processable material said first melt processable material and said second melt processable material are formed into a multilayer arrangement by chaotic advection and wherein said particulate material is oriented within layers, or forms networks in said first melt-processable material.


December 28, 2010: Natural Goodness, Bruce Ledewitz Dec 2010

December 28, 2010: Natural Goodness, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “Natural Goodness“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.


12/28/2010 Obituary Records, Hawaii Obituaries Dec 2010

12/28/2010 Obituary Records, Hawaii Obituaries

Obituaries

List of Obituaries for individuals who passed away on 12/28/2010. Scroll down to see the names and obituary description.


Coherent Heteroepitaxy Of Bi2se3 On Gaas (111)B, Anthony Richardella, Duming M. Zhang, Joon S. Lee, Alison E. Patteson (Koser), David W. Rench, Andrew L. Yeats, Bob B. Buckley, David D. Awschalom, Nitin Samarth Dec 2010

Coherent Heteroepitaxy Of Bi2se3 On Gaas (111)B, Anthony Richardella, Duming M. Zhang, Joon S. Lee, Alison E. Patteson (Koser), David W. Rench, Andrew L. Yeats, Bob B. Buckley, David D. Awschalom, Nitin Samarth

Physics - All Scholarship

We report the heteroepitaxy of single crystal thin films of Bi2Se3 on the (111)B surface of GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy. We find that Bi2Se3 grows highly c-axis oriented, with an atomically sharp interface with the GaAs substrate. By optimizing the growth of a very thin GaAs buffer layer before growing the ⁠Bi2Se3, we demonstrate the growth of thin films with atomically flat terraces over hundreds of nanometers. Initial time-resolved Kerr rotation measurements herald opportunities for probing coherent spin dynamics at the interface between a candidate topological insulator and a large class of GaAs-based heterostructures.


Effect Of A Strategically Positioned Methoxy Substituent On The Photochemistry Of 3-Aryl-3h-1-Oxacyclopenta[L]Phenanthren-2-Ones, Roshini Thumpakara, Binoy Jose, Perupparampil Unnikrishnan, Sreedharan Prathapan, Nigam Rath Dec 2010

Effect Of A Strategically Positioned Methoxy Substituent On The Photochemistry Of 3-Aryl-3h-1-Oxacyclopenta[L]Phenanthren-2-Ones, Roshini Thumpakara, Binoy Jose, Perupparampil Unnikrishnan, Sreedharan Prathapan, Nigam Rath

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

Irradiation of 3-methoxy-3-aryl-3H-1-oxacyclopenta[l]phenanthren-2-one derivatives 5a–d resulted in singlet-mediated decarbonylation reaction leading to the formation of phenanthrene derivatives 9a–d. The structure of the photoproduct was unequivocally established on the basis of X-ray crystallographic analysis.


Cosmic Voices: Searching For Signs Of Life Elsewhere In The Universe, Shane L. Larson Dec 2010

Cosmic Voices: Searching For Signs Of Life Elsewhere In The Universe, Shane L. Larson

Public Talks

No abstract provided.


The Murray Ledger And Times, December 28, 2010, The Murray Ledger And Times Dec 2010

The Murray Ledger And Times, December 28, 2010, The Murray Ledger And Times

The Murray Ledger & Times

No abstract provided.


The Potential Relationship Between The Traits Associated With Left Brain Or Right Brain Dominant Tendencies And The Characteristics Of Leaders Or Managers, Alex Keto Dec 2010

The Potential Relationship Between The Traits Associated With Left Brain Or Right Brain Dominant Tendencies And The Characteristics Of Leaders Or Managers, Alex Keto

Theses and Graduate Projects

The debate over whether the characteristics of leadership and management are unique characteristics or whether they are one-in-the-same characteristics continues today. In the past, traditionally, the best managers within a company were promoted to roles of leadership and many times these new leaders failed. There is growing support for the concept that the characteristics of highly effective leaders and managers are unique. A review of these characteristics reveals a potential relationship between the characteristics of exceptional managers and the traits that have been associated with left brain dominant tendencies. The characteristics of exceptional leaders relate to the traits that have …


State V. Ephraim Clerk's Record Dckt. 38284 Dec 2010

State V. Ephraim Clerk's Record Dckt. 38284

Idaho Supreme Court Records & Briefs, All

No abstract provided.


Uab Piano Series Presents Yeol Eum Son, Staff Dec 2010

Uab Piano Series Presents Yeol Eum Son, Staff

Browse All News

No abstract provided.


Ceaselessly Testing The Good Of Death, Danielle A. Layne Dec 2010

Ceaselessly Testing The Good Of Death, Danielle A. Layne

The Society for Ancient Greek Philosophy Newsletter

The hope Socrates invokes during his defence becomes a statement to be tested and corroborated, and thus a catalyst for discovery rather than a valueless rejection of all arguments, beliefs or in Socratic terms “hopes.” In his prison cell Socrates tests the propositions in the Apology that death may be a good and in the Phaedo these arguments affirm Socrates’ hope, making it the more valuable belief. Thus since no man willing chooses evil, a valueless not knowing, over the good, the value-laden hope regardless of not-knowing, Socrates commits himself to the “great perhaps” of the immortality of the soul. …


A Religious Revolution? How Socrates' Theology Undermined The Practice Of Sacrifice, Anna Lannstrom Dec 2010

A Religious Revolution? How Socrates' Theology Undermined The Practice Of Sacrifice, Anna Lannstrom

The Society for Ancient Greek Philosophy Newsletter

Mark McPherran and Gregory Vlastos argue that Socrates’ theology threatened Athenian sacrificial practices because it rejected the do ut des principle (aka the principle of reciprocity). I argue that their arguments are flawed because they assume that the Athenians understood sacrifice as something like a commercial transaction. Drawing upon scholarship in anthropology and religious studies, I argue that we need to revise that understanding of sacrifice and that, once we do, McPherran’s and Vlastos’ arguments no longer show that Socrates would have been a significant threat to the practice of sacrifice. Finally, I argue that McPherran’s Socrates does undermine sacrifice, …


Design Concepts Of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers: Proposal For Terahertz Laser Efficiency Improvements, Tillmann Kubis, Saumitra Raj Mehrotra, Gerhard Klimeck Dec 2010

Design Concepts Of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers: Proposal For Terahertz Laser Efficiency Improvements, Tillmann Kubis, Saumitra Raj Mehrotra, Gerhard Klimeck

Birck and NCN Publications

Conceptual disadvantages of typical resonant phonon terahertz quantum cascade lasers 􏰎THz-QCLs􏰍 are analyzed. Alternative designs and their combination within a concrete device proposal are discussed to improve the QCL performance. The improvements are 􏰎1􏰍 indirect pumping of the upper laser level, 􏰎2􏰍 diagonal optical transitions, 􏰎3􏰍 complete electron thermalization, and 􏰎4􏰍 materials with low effective electron masses. The nonequilibrium Green’s function method is applied to predict stationary electron transport and optical gain. The proposed THz-QCL shows a higher optical gain, a lower threshold current, and a higher operation temperature. Alloy disorder scattering can worsen the QCL performance.


Hepatitis C Virus Infection Assessment Among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients In Al-Kadhmiya Teaching Hospital, Jawad K. Mnuti, Fadhil A. Al- Abbudi Dec 2010

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Assessment Among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients In Al-Kadhmiya Teaching Hospital, Jawad K. Mnuti, Fadhil A. Al- Abbudi

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been recognized as an emerging problem in dialysis patients, and viral hepatitis remains a major hazard for both patients and medical staff of hemodialysis (HD) units. The reported yearly incidence of anti-HCV antibody worldwide between HD patients ranges from 10.5% to 24%, while the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody among dialysis patients varies in different countries (5-85%) worldwide, and may exceed 95% in the Middle East OBJECTIVE: To asses the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) among the hemodialysis unit in ALKadhmiya Teaching Hospital and to identify the risk factors of infection in relation …


Prosthesis-Patient Mismatches In Aortic Valve Replacement A Study In Ibn Al-Bitar Hospital For Cardiac Surgery, Darya Akram Faqe Mahmood Dec 2010

Prosthesis-Patient Mismatches In Aortic Valve Replacement A Study In Ibn Al-Bitar Hospital For Cardiac Surgery, Darya Akram Faqe Mahmood

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Use of new generation small prostheses for aortic valve replacement has decreased the need for annular enlargement and rarely increased the incidence of severe patient-prosthesis mismatch; OBJECTIVE: Of this study is to evaluate the impact of using this type of prosthesis (St.Jude. HP, Regent) on operative mortality. PATINETS & METHODS: We reviewed our experience (59) consecutive patients who had isolated and combined aortic valve replacement in our hospital between February 2001 and February 2007. RESULTS: The mean age was 36, and 60 % of patients were female.valvular disease was primarily pure aortic regurgitation 47%, combined aortic disease 29% …


Knowledge And Preference Of Mothers Delivering At Alkadhumyia Teaching Hospital Regarding Caesarean Section And Normal Vaginal Delivery, Huda Adnan Habib, Maysaloun Muhammed Abdulla, Selwa Elias Yacoub Dec 2010

Knowledge And Preference Of Mothers Delivering At Alkadhumyia Teaching Hospital Regarding Caesarean Section And Normal Vaginal Delivery, Huda Adnan Habib, Maysaloun Muhammed Abdulla, Selwa Elias Yacoub

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT : BACKGROUND: Caesarean section rates are progressively rising in many parts of the world. One suggested reason is increasing requests by women for caesarean section in the absence of clear medical indications. OBJECTIVE: To determined the medical and non medical reasons behind the caesarean section. To identify the mothers preference to the mode of delivary and reasons behind this preference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Across sectional study of 480 mothers was interviewed .The data was collected using a questionnaire form includes information under two main headings: 1) Information related to the mother; these include demographic and some obstetrical information, obstetrical …


Autism Among Children Attending Pediatric Psychiatric Department In Child's Central Teaching Hospital In Baghdad: A Descreptive Study, Entissar Hadi Al- Shimery, Jaafar Muhamed Hassan, Al- Ghabban, Haider Abdul Muhsin Dec 2010

Autism Among Children Attending Pediatric Psychiatric Department In Child's Central Teaching Hospital In Baghdad: A Descreptive Study, Entissar Hadi Al- Shimery, Jaafar Muhamed Hassan, Al- Ghabban, Haider Abdul Muhsin

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Autism is a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders that affects children from all ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. The diagnosis is based on their developmental and medical history as well as observations of their social, communicative, and play behaviors that usually begin before age of three years. OBJECTIVE: A descriptive study of autism to describe the prevalence of autism among childhood psychiatric disorders, the age for diagnosis of autism, sex distribution, family history and the clinical features of autism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study included a sample of 208 children with psychiatric disorder, who were attending pediatric psychiatric department …


Intraoperative Albumin Plus Crystalloid Solution Versus Crystalloid Alone In Renal Transplant Surgery, Alaa Hussein Ali Dec 2010

Intraoperative Albumin Plus Crystalloid Solution Versus Crystalloid Alone In Renal Transplant Surgery, Alaa Hussein Ali

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Chronic renal failure is defined as an irreversible deterioration in renal function which classically develops over a period of months or years. renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for end stage renal failure and during surgery the maintenance and restoration of intravascular volume are essential tasks to achieve sufficient organ function in renal transplants. OBJECTIVE: To study the comparison between normal saline 0.9% with glucose 5 % and normal saline 0.9% , glucose 5 % with albumin in renal transplantation. METHODS: The study data from 50 patients 47 patients underwent living donor kidney transplants three were excluded …


Effects Of Herbs – Containing Phytoestrogens On Rat Testis: A Histological, Histochemical And Biochemical Study, Malak A. Al-Yawer Dec 2010

Effects Of Herbs – Containing Phytoestrogens On Rat Testis: A Histological, Histochemical And Biochemical Study, Malak A. Al-Yawer

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Estrogens has traditionally been known as the female hormone, but this idea has been challenged in early 1990’s and an essential physiological role for estrogen in male fertility was identified. Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring non-steroidal plant chemicals that can act like the female hormone estrogen. The herbs ( anise alfalfa and vervain ) chosen in this study contain phytoestrogens. OBJECTIVE: Previous studies demonstrated controversy of the effects of phytoestrogens on the rat testes .Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to investigate the influence of typical dose of herbs containing phytoestrogen on the rat testis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four …


Primary Orbital Yolk Sac Tumor, Adel Rabea Alsaadawi Dec 2010

Primary Orbital Yolk Sac Tumor, Adel Rabea Alsaadawi

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Adel Rabea Alsaadawi


Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease In A Sample Of Healthy Iraqi Population Amira H. Shubbar* ,Layth Rafea Taqa** Introduction: Definition Gerd Is Described As Any Symptomatic Or Histopathological Alteration Resulting From Episodes Of Gastroesophageal Reflux, Reflux Esophagitis Describes The Subset Of Gerd Patient With Histopathological Changes Of The Esophageal Mucosa(1). The Clinical Diagnosis Of Gerd Is Fairly Straight Forward, If The Patient Reports A Substernal Burning Sensation Radiating Upwards The Neck, Which Is Promptly Relived (Albeit Transiently) By The Ingestion Of Antacids (2,5). Epidemiology Symptoms Consistent With Gerd Occur In More Than One Third Of The American Adults On A Monthly Basis And Weekly In As Many As 10%, While 4-10% *Department Of Medicine Al-Mustansiriya University. **Ibn Al Bitar For Cardiac Surgery On Daily Basis (2,3,5,6). Spechler Reviewed The Epidimiology And Natural History Of Gerd In Orlando And He Reported That 20-40% Of The Adults Population Experienced Heartburn Which Is The Cardinal Symptom Of Gerd, But Only Some 2% Of Adults Have Objective Evidence Of Reflux Esophagitis, The Incidence Of Gerd Increases With The Age, Rising Dramatically After 40 Years Of Age(7). Also There Is A Wide Geographical Variation In Prevalence(5,7). While The Complications Of The Gerd (Ulcer, Stricture And Barretts Esophagus) Are Found In Up To 20% Of Patient With Esophagitis. The Annual Mortality Of Gerd Is 1 Death Per 100 000 Patients(8). 33% Healthy Britons Had Experienced Heartburn; 10% Had Monthly Basis Symptoms And 3% Had Daily Symptoms (8).In Finland Isolari Et. Al. Estimated The Prevalence Of Symptoms Suggestive Of Gerd In An Adult Population By Questionnaires Concerned With The Heartburn, Regurgitation, Abstract, Amira H. Shubbar, Definition Gerd Is Described As Any Symptomatic Or Histopathological Alteration Resulting From Episodes Of Gastroesophageal Reflux, Layth Rafea Taqa, Introduction, Reflux Esophagitis Describes The Subset Of Gerd Patient With Histopathological Changes Of Dec 2010

Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease In A Sample Of Healthy Iraqi Population Amira H. Shubbar* ,Layth Rafea Taqa** Introduction: Definition Gerd Is Described As Any Symptomatic Or Histopathological Alteration Resulting From Episodes Of Gastroesophageal Reflux, Reflux Esophagitis Describes The Subset Of Gerd Patient With Histopathological Changes Of The Esophageal Mucosa(1). The Clinical Diagnosis Of Gerd Is Fairly Straight Forward, If The Patient Reports A Substernal Burning Sensation Radiating Upwards The Neck, Which Is Promptly Relived (Albeit Transiently) By The Ingestion Of Antacids (2,5). Epidemiology Symptoms Consistent With Gerd Occur In More Than One Third Of The American Adults On A Monthly Basis And Weekly In As Many As 10%, While 4-10% *Department Of Medicine Al-Mustansiriya University. **Ibn Al Bitar For Cardiac Surgery On Daily Basis (2,3,5,6). Spechler Reviewed The Epidimiology And Natural History Of Gerd In Orlando And He Reported That 20-40% Of The Adults Population Experienced Heartburn Which Is The Cardinal Symptom Of Gerd, But Only Some 2% Of Adults Have Objective Evidence Of Reflux Esophagitis, The Incidence Of Gerd Increases With The Age, Rising Dramatically After 40 Years Of Age(7). Also There Is A Wide Geographical Variation In Prevalence(5,7). While The Complications Of The Gerd (Ulcer, Stricture And Barretts Esophagus) Are Found In Up To 20% Of Patient With Esophagitis. The Annual Mortality Of Gerd Is 1 Death Per 100 000 Patients(8). 33% Healthy Britons Had Experienced Heartburn; 10% Had Monthly Basis Symptoms And 3% Had Daily Symptoms (8).In Finland Isolari Et. Al. Estimated The Prevalence Of Symptoms Suggestive Of Gerd In An Adult Population By Questionnaires Concerned With The Heartburn, Regurgitation, Abstract, Amira H. Shubbar, Definition Gerd Is Described As Any Symptomatic Or Histopathological Alteration Resulting From Episodes Of Gastroesophageal Reflux, Layth Rafea Taqa, Introduction, Reflux Esophagitis Describes The Subset Of Gerd Patient With Histopathological Changes Of

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

BACKGROUND: Symptoms consistent with GERD occur in more than one third of the American adults on a monthly basis and weekly in as many as 10%, while 4-10% on daily basis OBJECTIVE: To survey the prevalence of symptoms of GERD in a sample of healthy Iraqi population sample. METHOD: Prospective study from Jan 2000- Jun 2000 at the deferent wards of Al-Yarmook teaching hospital, Baghdad. Questionnaires were distributed to 950 healthy persons of different age group attending Al- Yarmouk teaching or visiting their patient at the hospital. The questionnaire included: Taking full history of symptoms suggestive of GERD, including habits …


Homocysteine ,Folic Acid ,Vitamin B12 And Pyridoxine : Effects On Vaso-Occlusive Crisis In Sickle Cell Anemia And Sickle –Thalassemia, Sawsan Sati, Najat Abul, Razak, Noor Mustafa, Razeqa Abd Ali Dec 2010

Homocysteine ,Folic Acid ,Vitamin B12 And Pyridoxine : Effects On Vaso-Occlusive Crisis In Sickle Cell Anemia And Sickle –Thalassemia, Sawsan Sati, Najat Abul, Razak, Noor Mustafa, Razeqa Abd Ali

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Hemoglubiopathies include sickle cell anemia and the Thalassemia . S/ β0- Thalassemia have a clinical course similar to HbSS. Elevated concentration of Homocysteine contribute to thrombosis , a frequent event in sickle cell anemia . Vitamin B12, Pyridoxine , and folic acid deficiencies lead to dangerous increase in plasma Homocysteine. OBJECTIVE: 1- To test whether children with sickle cell anemia and Sickle cell – Thalassemia have elevated concentration of serum Homocysteine with diminished level of folate, B6, B12. 2- To determine whether hyperomocysteinaemia has a correlation with the frequency of Vasoocclusive crisis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A case- control …


Whether Selective Or Routine Episiotomy Is More Useful To Protect Anal Sphincter In Primiparous Women, Abdulrazak H. Alnakash, Shaema Jafar, Yousef Abdul-Raheem Dec 2010

Whether Selective Or Routine Episiotomy Is More Useful To Protect Anal Sphincter In Primiparous Women, Abdulrazak H. Alnakash, Shaema Jafar, Yousef Abdul-Raheem

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Perineal trauma is a common event, affecting up to 90% of first time mothers. It is a cause for concern for many women and in some countries has led to a large increase in the numbers of women requesting elective caesarean section. OBJECTIVE: To highlight when episiotomy can be useful in preventing anal sphincter injury in primiparous women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a prospective interventional clinical study conducted at AL-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital in Baghdad throughout the period between Jan. 2009- Dec. 2009. Three hundred term primiparous ladies at time of their delivery with cephalic presentation …


Medico-Legal Applications Of Multiplex Str System To Show Allel Frequencies Of D16s 539, D13s317, And D7s820 In Iraqis, Hussein Mahmood Gazi, Mohammed Shafik Tawfeek, Nabeel Ghazi Hashim, Hayder Hadi Lazim Dec 2010

Medico-Legal Applications Of Multiplex Str System To Show Allel Frequencies Of D16s 539, D13s317, And D7s820 In Iraqis, Hussein Mahmood Gazi, Mohammed Shafik Tawfeek, Nabeel Ghazi Hashim, Hayder Hadi Lazim

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Disputed paternity is one of the most important medico-legal problems in Iraq. In addition to identification of unknown corpses. Paternity cases are resolved by doing ABO typing and HLA serotyping and both are less accurate than DNA typing. To our knowledge this is the first study of such type in Iraq. OBJCTIVE: To show the medico-legal importance of determination of allel frequencies in Iraqi population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Whole blood was obtained in EDTA tubes by venepuncture from 38 individuals. The DNA was extracted using the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit and the quantity was estimated by UV-absorbance. …


Pegylated Interferon Α-2b Up-Regulates Specific Cd8+ T Cells In Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B, Ji Chen, Yan Wang, Jun Li, Feng-Qin Hou, Gui-Qiang Wang Dec 2010

Pegylated Interferon Α-2b Up-Regulates Specific Cd8+ T Cells In Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B, Ji Chen, Yan Wang, Jun Li, Feng-Qin Hou, Gui-Qiang Wang

Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty Publications

AIM: To investigate the effect of pegylated interferon (IFN) α-2b on specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS: Twenty-one patients with CHB were treated with pegylated IFN α-2b. Periphery blood mononuclear cells were isolated from fresh heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation (density: 1.077 g/L, Pharmingen) at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24, respectively. Frequency of circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) epitope-specific CD8 T cells was detected by flow cytometry. Cytokines were detected by cytometric bead assay. RESULTS: The frequency of circulating HBV core or env-specific CD8 T cells was higher (P …