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2010

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Evaluation Of The Spokes Programme: Executive Summary, Tanya Lalor, Gerard Doyle, Focus Ireland Jan 2010

Evaluation Of The Spokes Programme: Executive Summary, Tanya Lalor, Gerard Doyle, Focus Ireland

Reports

The Spokes programme is an education, training and employment service provided by Focus Ireland since 2002 to people who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless. The aim of Spokes is to assist people to move on from homelessness by providing an alternative way of learning, through education and employment that is tailored to individuals needs. The number of people Spokes has worked with has consistently increased since the establishment of the programme – with 357 customers accessing the service in 2008 (this represents a 108% growth in the number of service users in just one year, i.e. 2007-2008). …


An Optical Machine Vision System For Applications In Cytopathology, Jonathan Blackledge, Dmitry Dubovitskiy Jan 2010

An Optical Machine Vision System For Applications In Cytopathology, Jonathan Blackledge, Dmitry Dubovitskiy

Articles

This paper discusses a new approach to the processes of object detection, recognition and classification in a digital image focusing on problem in Cytopathology. A unique self learning procedure is presented in order to incorporate expert knowledge. The classification method is based on the application of a set of features which includes fractal parameters such as the Lacunarity and Fourier dimension. Thus, the approach includes the characterisation of an object in terms of its fractal properties and texture characteristics. The principal issues associated with object recognition are presented which include the basic model and segmentation algorithms. The self-learning procedure for …


Fractional Anisotropic Diffusion For Noise Reduction In Magnetic Resonance Images, Jonathan Blackledge, Matthew Blackledge Jan 2010

Fractional Anisotropic Diffusion For Noise Reduction In Magnetic Resonance Images, Jonathan Blackledge, Matthew Blackledge

Articles

We extend the method of anisotropic diffusion for noise reduction in digital images to the case when the diffusion processes are non-Gaussian and Levy distributed. This yields a fractional diffusion equation characterised by the Levy index. A solution to this equation is considered and a numerical algorithm developed. The algorithm is then applied as a case study to the problem of reducing noise in magnetic resonance imaging. The focus of this study is on diffusion weighted images which have low signal-to-noise ratios.


Encryption Using Deterministic Chaos, Jonathan Blackledge, Nikolai Ptitsyn Jan 2010

Encryption Using Deterministic Chaos, Jonathan Blackledge, Nikolai Ptitsyn

Articles

The concepts of randomness, unpredictability, complexity and entropy form the basis of modern cryptography and a cryptosystem can be interpreted as the design of a key-dependent bijective transformation that is unpredictable to an observer for a given computational resource. For any cryptosystem, including a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG), encryption algorithm or a key exchange scheme, for example, a cryptanalyst has access to the time series of a dynamic system and knows the PRNG function (the algorithm that is assumed to be based on some iterative process) which is taken to be in the public domain by virtue of the Kerchhoff-Shannon …


Using Virtual Reality To Enhance Electrical Safety And Design In The Built Environment, Martin Barrett, Jonathan Blackledge, Eugene Coyle Jan 2010

Using Virtual Reality To Enhance Electrical Safety And Design In The Built Environment, Martin Barrett, Jonathan Blackledge, Eugene Coyle

Articles

Electricity and the inherent risks associated with its use in the built environment have long since been a priority for the electrical services industry and also the general public who must live and work in this environment. By its nature virtual reality has the advantage of being safe for both the user and equipment. In addition, it offers the user an opportunity to be exposed to a range of scenarios and conditions that either occur infrequently or are hazardous to replicate. This paper presents a prototype desktop virtual reality model, to enhance electrical safety and design in the built environment. …


Weak Gradient Inverse Schrodinger Scattering, Jonathan Blackledge Jan 2010

Weak Gradient Inverse Schrodinger Scattering, Jonathan Blackledge

Articles

The paper briefly reviews formal methods and associated conditions for solving the forward and inverse Schrodinger scattering problem for a three-dimensional elastic scattering potential. These methods are based on an application of the Green's function and are conditional upon the properties of the scattering potential, e.g. that the scattering potential is a `weak scatterer'. In this paper, we explore an alternative route to solving the problem which depends on properties imposed on the scattered wavefield rather than the scattering potential. In particular, we explore the case when the gradient of the scattered wavefield is weak relative to its frequency. An …


Finding A Middleware Ict Solution For The Irish Construction Sme Sector, Alan V. Hore, Alan Redmond, Roger West Jan 2010

Finding A Middleware Ict Solution For The Irish Construction Sme Sector, Alan V. Hore, Alan Redmond, Roger West

Conference papers

A key feature of the Irish construction industry is its fragmented structure. Some 16,000 businesses list their main activity as construction, yet no company has more than 3% of the total Irish output. The top 20 companies have less than 15% of total output. There is a very high number of Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (SME‟s) in the sector. However, most software products which address the specific needs of the construction industry are designed for larger companies. It is felt that the needs of the large number of SME‟s in the sector are underserved. The Construction IT Alliance (CITA) …


Debunking The Purchaser Welfare Account Of Section 2 Of The Sherman Act: How Harvard Brought Us A Total Welfare Standard And Why We Should Keep It, Alan J. Meese Jan 2010

Debunking The Purchaser Welfare Account Of Section 2 Of The Sherman Act: How Harvard Brought Us A Total Welfare Standard And Why We Should Keep It, Alan J. Meese

Faculty Publications

The last several years have seen a vigorous debate among antitrust scholars and practitionersa bout the appropriates tandardf or evaluating the conduct of monopolists under section 2 of the Sherman Act. While most of the debate over possible standards has focused on the empirical question of each standard's economic utility, this Article undertakes a somewhat different task: It examines the normative benchmark that courts have actually chosen when adjudicating section 2 cases. This Article explores three possible benchmarks-producer welfare, purchaser welfare, and total welfare-and concludes that courts have opted for a total welfare normative approach to section 2 since the …


Spectroscopic And Chemometric Approaches To Radiobiological Analyses, Aidan Meade, Hugh Byrne, Fiona Lyng Jan 2010

Spectroscopic And Chemometric Approaches To Radiobiological Analyses, Aidan Meade, Hugh Byrne, Fiona Lyng

Articles

No abstract provided.


Medium Mediated Effects Increase Cell Killing In A Human Keratinocyte Cell Line Exposed To Solar Simulated Radiation, Fiona Lyng, Alanna Maguire, Brian Morrissey, James E. Walsh Jan 2010

Medium Mediated Effects Increase Cell Killing In A Human Keratinocyte Cell Line Exposed To Solar Simulated Radiation, Fiona Lyng, Alanna Maguire, Brian Morrissey, James E. Walsh

Articles

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate whether cell culture medium is 40 a biologically relevant exposure medium that can be employed in non-ionising photobiological investigations. 42 Methods: The effect of solar simulated irradiation on cell culture medium and its ability to elicit cell death was studied. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell 44 secreted factors, and the contribution of individual components of the medium were investigated. 46 Results: Cell death was found to be primarily mediated through the formation of ROS via riboflavin photosensitisation and degradation in the cell culture medium. Phenol 48 red was …


Book Reviews And Libel Proceedings, Lori Fisler Damrosch, Bernard H. Oxman, Richard B. Bilder, David D. Caron Jan 2010

Book Reviews And Libel Proceedings, Lori Fisler Damrosch, Bernard H. Oxman, Richard B. Bilder, David D. Caron

Faculty Scholarship

The American journal of International Law has been informed of the initiation in France of penal proceedings against the editor in chief of the European journal of International Law (EJIL), by virtue of a complaint filed by an author of a book reviewed on a Web site affiliated with the Ejll.1 We share the concerns of other professional societies regarding the potential of such litigation for chilling academic discourse. 2 We also take this opportunity to explain the practice of the AJIL concerning communications from authors who object to book reviews published in our pages, and to state our position …


Foreword, David M. Schizer Jan 2010

Foreword, David M. Schizer

Faculty Scholarship

I would like to congratulate the editors and staff of the Columbia Journal of Tax Law on their inaugural edition. It is very exciting for me to participate in the birth of a new journal in an area of such importance to financial and economic policy.


Louis Henkin: Courage And Convictions, Lori Fisler Damrosch Jan 2010

Louis Henkin: Courage And Convictions, Lori Fisler Damrosch

Faculty Scholarship

Louis Henkin was a man of courage and of convictions. His students at Columbia, who engaged with him inside and outside the classroom during the course of five decades, had many opportunities to learn of his convictions, which were manifest in his teaching, writing and activism. But Henkin would not have spoken in the classroom of his own acts of courage, exemplified by (but not limited to) his combat service in the Second World War, nor would he have drawn attention to other personal virtues. This brief tribute (complementary to others being written by colleagues at Columbia for publication here …


A Lucky Child: A Memoir Of Surviving Auschwitz As A Young Boy, Lori Fisler Damrosch Jan 2010

A Lucky Child: A Memoir Of Surviving Auschwitz As A Young Boy, Lori Fisler Damrosch

Faculty Scholarship

Many readers of this Journal would readily identify the young boy in lederhosen, hands tightly clasped by his mother, who is in turn enfolded in the father's embrace – all three smiling on what is perhaps the child's third birthday – in the cover photograph of the American edition of the book under review. In this memoir he is Tommy, Tom, Tomek, or Tommyli; in later life he is known to us (and recognized worldwide) as Thomas Buergenthal, judge of the International Court of justice since 2000 and honorary president of the American Society of International Law from 2001 to …


Why Lingle Is Half Right, Thomas W. Merrill Jan 2010

Why Lingle Is Half Right, Thomas W. Merrill

Faculty Scholarship

Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A. Inc. is a highly unusual decision in that it repudiated a legal doctrine that the Supreme Court itself had created. The Court was able to do this without overruling any prior decision because the repudiated doctrine-which condemned as a taking any regulation of property that fails to "substantially advance legitimate state interests" – had taken hold in the lower courts but had never been applied by the Court itself in support of a judgment. Lingle is also unusual in that there is no indication that the Court was motivated to jettison the doctrine because it was …


Scaling Up, Lourdes Hernández-Cordero, Susan P. Sturm, Kathleen Klink, Allan J. Formicola Jan 2010

Scaling Up, Lourdes Hernández-Cordero, Susan P. Sturm, Kathleen Klink, Allan J. Formicola

Faculty Scholarship

Moments of crisis require big, bold ideas. In this chapter we will zoom out of our close examination of the Northern Manhattan Community Voices Collaborative experience to propose ways to scale up the things that worked for us in order to make them applicable at a national level. With this chapter we honor the intent of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation in its support of learning laboratories across the nation. Our goal is to contribute to the collective dialogue on how to improve the health care system. Specifically, we propose that making a healthier nation and reducing health care costs …


The Emotional State And Localized Norms: Reply Piece, Clare Huntington Jan 2010

The Emotional State And Localized Norms: Reply Piece, Clare Huntington

Faculty Scholarship

I am grateful to Professor Fineman for her probing and engaged response to my Article. I will take this opportunity to make explicit some of the implicit assumptions of the Article that Professor Fineman identifies as worthy of elaboration.


Familial Norms And Normality, Clare Huntington Jan 2010

Familial Norms And Normality, Clare Huntington

Faculty Scholarship

Social norms exert a powerful influence on families. They shape major life decisions, such as whether to marry and how many children to have, as well as everyday decisions, such as how to discipline children and divide household labor. Emotion is a defining feature of these familial social norms, giving force and content to norms in contexts as varied as reproductive choice, parenting, and same-sex relationships. These emotion-laden norms do not stand apart from the law. Falling along a continuum of involvement that ranges from direct regulation to choice architecture, state sway over social norms through their emotional valence is …


The End Of Probate, Stewart E. Sterk Jan 2010

The End Of Probate, Stewart E. Sterk

Articles

No abstract provided.


Susan Wolf On The Meaning Of Life: A Review, Joseph Raz Jan 2010

Susan Wolf On The Meaning Of Life: A Review, Joseph Raz

Faculty Scholarship

The book comprises the two Tanner Lectures given by Susan Wolf at Princeton in 2007; helpful comments by John Koethe, Robert M. Adams, Nomy Arpaly, and Jonathan Haidt;Wolf ’s replies; and a brief introduction by Stephen Macedo. Wolf writes elegantly and thoughtfully, and the book, which seems to preserve in length and style its origins as two lectures, is full of sensible, suggestive ideas. The Tanner Lectures are meant to reach a nonspecialist audience, and some specialist readers may wish to have more on less, a desire likely to affect especially those who, like myself, share Wolf ’s basic approach …


Plausible Methods For Populating Virtual Scenes, Catherine Ennis, Anton Gerdelan, Carol O'Sullivan Jan 2010

Plausible Methods For Populating Virtual Scenes, Catherine Ennis, Anton Gerdelan, Carol O'Sullivan

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

No abstract provided.


National Security And The Shadows Of Judicial "Common Sense", Alexander A. Reinert Jan 2010

National Security And The Shadows Of Judicial "Common Sense", Alexander A. Reinert

Articles

No abstract provided.


Climate Change And The Wto: Legal Issues Concerning Border Tax Adjustments, Henrik Horn, Petros C. Mavroidis Jan 2010

Climate Change And The Wto: Legal Issues Concerning Border Tax Adjustments, Henrik Horn, Petros C. Mavroidis

Faculty Scholarship

Climate change is a multi-faceted discussion: for the trading community, one of many contentious issues in the policy debate over how to deal with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is the appropriate role of Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs)/Border Tax Adjustments (BTAs). The role of BCAs has been analyzed in a very large policy discussion literature, as well as in a significant number of academic writings in both law and economics. One can safely summarize the state of each of these literatures as bewildering: in the legal literature there is still no consensus as to whether such measures are legal under the …


Making Social Rights Conditional: Lessons From India, Madhav Khosla Jan 2010

Making Social Rights Conditional: Lessons From India, Madhav Khosla

Faculty Scholarship

Recent years have witnessed important advancements in the discussion on social rights. The South African experience with social rights has revealed how such rights can be protected without providing for an individualized remedy. Comparative constitutional lawyers now debate the promise of the South African approach, and the possibility of weak-form judicial review in social rights cases. This article considers the Indian experience with social rights, and explains how it exhibits a new form of social rights adjudication. This is the adjudication of a conditional social right; an approach that displays a rare private law model of public law adjudication. This …


Assessing Service-Learning To Improve Instruction, Sally Blomstrom, Hak Tam Jan 2010

Assessing Service-Learning To Improve Instruction, Sally Blomstrom, Hak Tam

Publications

Experiential learning has been an area of interest for over 30 years within the field of communication. Service-learning has gained popularity (Oster-Aaland, Sellnow, Nelson, & Pearson, 2004) particularly in public relations (Panici & Lasky, 2002). This paper presents a discipline-defined framework for service-learning in public relations, suggestions for implementing the assessment measure, and reflection on its use.


The Gospel According To Moses And Elijah, Roy E. Gane Jan 2010

The Gospel According To Moses And Elijah, Roy E. Gane

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Integrating Situation Awareness Assessment Into Test And Evaluation, Cheryl A. Bolstad, Haydee Maria Cuevas Jan 2010

Integrating Situation Awareness Assessment Into Test And Evaluation, Cheryl A. Bolstad, Haydee Maria Cuevas

Publications

To guarantee the success if network- centric operations, warfighters need the ability to extract and share critical task-relevant information to develop and maintain the situation awareness that is so critical far effective team performance. As such, the design of emerging technologies and systems must adopt a "user-centric" approach, with consideration for human information processing capabilities and limitations. In turn, to ensure that these technologies and systems are meeting their design objectives, test and evaluation must similarly be expanded to include metrics that assess how well system features and functions are supporting critical human cognitive processes such as situation awareness and …


Book Review: Digital Forensic Evidence Examination, Gary C. Kessler Jan 2010

Book Review: Digital Forensic Evidence Examination, Gary C. Kessler

Publications

This document is Dr. Kessler's review of the second edition of Digital Forensic Evidence Examination by Fred Cohen. ASP Press, 2010. ISBN: 978-1-878109-45-3


Continuing The Gandhi Legacy: An Interview With Arun Gandhi, Geoffrey Kain Jan 2010

Continuing The Gandhi Legacy: An Interview With Arun Gandhi, Geoffrey Kain

Publications

“Arun Gandhi (1934- ) is the fifth grandson of Mohandas Gandhi. Arun’s father, Manilal (1892-1956), second son of Mohandas and Kasturba Gandhi, was sent by his father to run the Phoenix Farm ashram outside of Durban, South Africa, and this is where Arun Gandhi was raised…”


On Osgood's Criterion For Classical Wave Equations And Nonlinear Shallow Water Wave Equations, Timothy Smith, Greg Spradlin Jan 2010

On Osgood's Criterion For Classical Wave Equations And Nonlinear Shallow Water Wave Equations, Timothy Smith, Greg Spradlin

Publications

The problem on classical solutions for the wave equation and the BBM equation is considered. The equations are considered with a forcing term and sufficient conditions of solvability, existence and uniqueness are established.