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Challenges In Confronting Pandemic Influenza Using Novel Adjuvanted Vaccines, Louis F. Fries

Vaccine Technology III

Pandemic influenza is a recurring threat throughout history. Characterized by rapid spread and high attack rate, the features of pandemic influenza are grounded in the lack of immunologic experience with pandemic virus subtypes in the majority of the human population alive during the outbreak. Immunization is regarded as a key tool in preparing for, and mitigating, pandemic influenza. Unfortunately, capacity to manufacture sufficient inactivated influenza antigen by currently-licensed processes remains challenging, and this problem is amplified by the very short timeline for production and distribution that may be available. GSK has addressed the pandemic influenza challenge by application of the …

Purification Process Development Of Protein Subunit Based Vaccine Candidates Produced Using Recombinant E. Coli Expression System (Part - Ii), Davinder Chawla, Yan-Ping Yang

Vaccine Technology III

Proteins are key components of prophylactic vaccines against infectious diseases. Protein subunit based vaccine is an attractive alternative to the traditional detoxified bacterial or inactivated viral vaccine approach due to its highly purified and well characterized product nature. Purification of protein antigens to achieve consistent product purity and quality is an integral part of the protein subunit vaccine product development process. Expression levels of the recombinant proteins in bacterial expression system may be extremely high following rapid technology advancement. The challenges and approaches used to develop purification processes for novel protein vaccine candidates expressed at g/L level will be discussed.

Influence Of Host Cell Defence During Influenza Vaccine Production In Mdck Cells, Timo Frensing, Claudius Seitz, Bjoern Heynischotto-Von-Guericke, Udo Reichl

Vaccine Technology III

For cell culture-based influenza vaccine production virus yield optimisation is of crucial importance. In particular, with the recent threat of the new H1N1 pandemic, not only seasonal vaccines but also pre-/pandemic vaccines have to be supplied in large quantities. In vivo influenza replication is limited by the immune system, but for production cell lines the impact of cellular defence mechanisms on virus yield is unknown. In influenza-infected adherent Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells the interferon (IFN) response and subsequent induction of the antiviral state was monitored. Virus yield and host cell signalling intensity were strain-dependent. By over-expression of viral antagonists …

Final Conference Program, Barry Buckland, John Aunins, Paula Marques Alves, Kathrin Jansen

Vaccine Technology III

List of talks during the conference.

The Global Manufacture Of Polio Vaccine In The Endgame Of Eradication, Philip Minor

Vaccine Technology III

The manufacture of medicines is increasingly globalised but biological products such as vaccines are more complex and their production raises significantly different issues to that of chemical entities. New producers in any region of the world may have difficulty in recognising all the concerns involved and can benefit from technology transfer exercises and a strong and scientifically competent regulatory authority. The issues will be discussed in the context of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in its terminal phases and future needs for the manufacture of polio vaccine.

Development Of Inactivated Polio Vaccine From Attenuated Sabin Strains For Clinical Studies And Technology-Transfer Purposes, Yvonne E. Thomassen, Wilfried A.M. Bakker, Janny Westdijk, Aart G. Van ‘T Oever, Nico Van Den Heuvel, Jan Hendriks, Gideon F.A. Kersten, Leo A. Van Der Pol

Vaccine Technology III

Recently, responding to WHO’s call for new polio vaccines, the development of Sabin-IPV (injectable, formalin-Inactivated Polio Vaccine, based on attenuated ‘Sabin’ polio virus strains) was initated at NVI. This activity plays an important role in the WHO polio eradication strategy. The use of Sabin instead of wild-type Salk polio strains will provide additional safety during vaccine production. Initially, the Sabin-IPV production process will be based on the scale-down model of the current, and well-established, Salk-IPV process. In parallel, process development, optimization and formulation research is being carried out to further modernize the process and reduce cost per dose. The lab-scale …

Building Process Understanding For Vaccine Manufacturing Using Data Mining, Matthew Wiener

Vaccine Technology III

The production of vaccines is a complex biological process, with long cycle times and a high level of variation in raw materials, biological growth rates, and test methods. While long-term shifts or cycles in yield are not unusual, it is important to build understanding of the causes of shifts and cycles, for greater control and predictability. Hundreds of variables are monitored for every batch of vaccine produced; however, the relationships between product quality and the many process variables are difficult to quantify. In this article, we describe how mining historical process data using random forests and partial least squares (PLS) …

New Vaccine Technologies: Promising Advances May Save More Lives, John Boslego

Vaccine Technology III

In the past 20 years, immunization has prevented nearly 20 million deaths from vaccine-preventable infections. Despite this success, poorer countries often lack access to newer and more expensive vaccines, and vaccines are not yet available for many illnesses. PATH is working to narrow the immunization gap between developed countries and developing countries by increasing the availability of existing vaccines, reducing the lag time for adoption of recently-licensed vaccines, developing technology in support of vaccines and immunization (e.g. vaccine vial monitor, Uniject, vaccine stabilization platforms) and working with partners to develop new vaccines.

Vaccine development is expensive and manufacturers often focus …

Microalgae Productivity Potential, Jason Quinn

CO2 Summit: Technology and Opportunity

No abstract provided.

Development Of Recombinant Protein Based Chemical Conjugate Malaria Vaccines Targeting The Pre-Erythrocytic Stage, Transmission Blocking, Or Both, David L. Narum, Nicholas Macdonald, David Jones, Ruth Ellis, Yimin Wu, Patrick E. Duffy

Vaccine Technology III

The development of a Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine is critical for future control and elimination programs. Recombinant protein based chemical conjugate vaccines, covering different parasite stages, are being developed due to complexity of the parasite and sub-optimal immunogenicity of recombinant malaria proteins in humans, respectively. Chemical conjugation of recombinant malaria proteins to carrier proteins improves their immunogenicity in animal studies. A transmission blocking vaccine comprised of the ookinete protein Pfs25 chemically conjugated to Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoProtein A (EPA) is currently being developed for pilot scale cGMP production. Bulk lots of Pfs25 and EPA have already been produced and released following …

Ultra-Scale Down Studies Of Human Cell Bioprocessing For A Prostate Cancer Vaccine Therapy - The Impact Of Capillary Shear, Juan Pablo Acosta Martinez, Katherine Lawrence, Carol Chu Mike Hoare, Stephen Ward

Vaccine Technology III

The scale-up and manufacturing of therapies based on intact whole cells presents a major challenge for development scientists and engineers due to the stress-reactive nature of these cells. The administrated cells may be characterized in terms of their membrane integrity and their surface markers and eventually their biopotency. The challenge is to process the cells at various scales and in a way which maintains these cell properties. Also during formulation the presence of cytokines produced by cells prior to their inactivation is a critical factor. This poster presents an approach to allow the rapid characterization of human cell lines in …

Establishing A Platform For Spray Drying Inhalable Vaccines In South Africa, Willem Germishuizen, L Venter, A Khosa, F Mudau, P.B. Fourie, B Pulliam, M Kabadi, A Schiermeier, D.A . Edwards

Vaccine Technology III

Mycobacterium bovis BCG is the current vaccine for tuberculosis (TB). However, BCG as it is currently administered shows highly variable efficacy in protecting adults against TB. The natural route of infection of TB is via inhalation of bacilli-containing aerosols and it is postulated that immunization by the natural route of infection may lead to a greater immunity given the fact that the lungs are the primary target of infection. By eliciting both local and systemic immune responses, it is anticipated that an inhaled form of BCG will offer greater protection against pulmonary TB.

Current commercial BCG vaccine preparations are filled …

Application Of Animal-Free Recombinant Bioactive Protein Supplements To Improve The Performance Of Cell-Based Viral Vaccine Production, Kenneth Bertram, Marina Ross, Domenica Cavallaro, Larissa Chirkova, Geoffrey Francis

Vaccine Technology III

Animal cell culture for the production of viral vaccines has been performed for more than 50 years, and currently this technology is expanding rapidly to meet present and future demands of the health sector. The development and regulatory approval of continuous cell lines for manufacturing viral vaccines has brought numerous benefits to production processes. However, greater advances in the last decade have been achieved in mammalian cell production of biological therapeutics, including monoclonal antibodies, hormones, growth factors, cytokines and clotting factors. We and others have contributed to these upstream advances by improving cell culture media with the development of animal-free …

Cim Technology: Enabeling Economic Vaccine Purification, Matjaz Peterka, Franci Smrekar, Tony Brazzale, Marko Banjac, Petra Kramberger, Milos Barut, Ales Podgornik, Ales Strancar

Vaccine Technology III

Vaccines are diverse and complex biological molecules, complexes and particles. Different production technologies are used for vaccines manufacturing and every production process require somekind of vaccine purification. Purification of vaccines is technically challenging and was traditionally inefficient and partially neglected due to different economical and technical reasons. Density gradient ultracentrifugation, introduced in1960s is still a major purification step for many vaccines present on the market. As a complementary techniques, cross flow filtration and chromatography has been used. Conventional chromatography supports designed for protein purification have relatively small pore sizes with restricted access for large molecules and viruses. In addition mass …

Microbial Contamination In Some Commercial Biscuits In Baghdad City, Salim S. Al-Timimi, Kalid A. Habib, Eshraq J. Khathier

Baghdad Science Journal

This study has been conducted to know the level of microbial ( bacteria and fungi) contamination in 5 types of biscuits from local markets of Baghdad city. Fifty samples (ten sample for each kind of biscuit) were studed,Two are local,others are Iranian,Turkish,and Holandies. The following results have been achieved :1. The highest number of bacteria was 21.6×103 cell/g in Iranian biscuit while the lowest number was 14.3× 103 cell/g in local biscuit No.1 . The highest number of fungi was 16×103 colony/g and the lowest number was 5.3×103 colony/g in the Iranian and the local biscuit No.1,respectively.2. Staphylococcus aureus was …

Preparation, Characterization And Antimicrobial Activity Study Of Some Transition Metal Complexes Of 4-Flourophenyl -4-Nitrobenzylidene, Zeyan Abdullah Ali, Ameera Hassan Hamed, Rafah Khalid Ahmed

Baghdad Science Journal

A new Schiff base of 4- flourophenyl-4- nitrobenzyliden (L) ,was prepared and used to prepare a number of metal complexes with Cr (III) , Fe (III), Co(II) ,Ni (II) and Cu (II). These complexes were isolated and characterized by (FITR),UV-Vis spectroscopy and flame atomic absorption techniques in addition to magnetic susceptibility, and conductivity measurements. The study of the nature of the complexes formed in ethanol was done following the molar ratio method gave results, agreed with those obtained from isolated solid state studies. The antibacterial activity for the ligand and its metal complexes were examined against two selected microorganisms, Pseudomonas …

Effect Of The Aqueous Extract Of Banana Fruits Peal Musa Paradisiaca On Mitosis In Plant And Mammalian Cells, N.A Al –Ansari, N. R. Al-Najar, R.K.M Al-Saddi

Baghdad Science Journal

The aqueous extract of banana fruits peal was tested for its effect on mitosis . The root tips of Allium cepa were used as plant test system and the bone marrow cells of the albino mice Mus musculus were used as mammalians test system in vivo .Root tips of Allium cepa were treated for four hours with five concentrations of the extract (5 , 10 , 20 , 40 ,60 mg / ml.).The Metaphase was arrested in all the treatments , the highest percentage ( 100 % ) was recorded in the first concentration , the last concentration caused stickiness …

Synthesis Of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Derived From 2-Mercapto Pyrimidine, Firyal W. Askar, Huda A. Hassan, Nahida A. Jinzeel

Baghdad Science Journal

In this work 2-hydrazino pyrimidine (1) was prepared from 2-mercapto pyrimidine with hydrazine hydrate. Treatment of (1) with active methylene compounds gave 2-(3,5-dimethyl -1 H – Pyrazole-1-yl) pyrimidine , whereas the reaction of (1) with carboxylic anhydride namely maleic anhydride or 1,2,3,6-tetra hydro phthalic anhydride yielded 1-Pyrimidine-2-yl-1,2-dihydro pyridazine-3,6-dione (3) and 2 – Pyrimidin -2-yl -2,3,4 a ,5,8 a – hexahydro phthalazine 1,4 – dione (4) . Reaction of (1) with phenyl isothiocyanate and ethyl chloro acetate afforded 3-Phenyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2( pyrimidine -2- yl hydrazone (6) Azomethine (7-10) were prepared through condensation of (1) with aromatic aldehydes or ketones, then compounds (7-9) are …

Preparation Of Media For Growth And Isolation Of Lactic Acid Bacteria By Using The Starch-Industry By- Products, Zahra M. Al-Khafaji, Maha T. Al-Qadi, Reem F. Abdul-Hameed, Thuria S Al-Hakak

Baghdad Science Journal

By- products of corn starch industry were used to prepare media for propagation the lactic acid bacteria as a natural auxotroph. The by- products used were the corn steep water (S) and gluten extract (G) after a proper treatment to get them ready for media preparation. The results showed that it was possible to replace the peptone and meat extract by gluten extract in MRS medium. The growth was approximately similar to that obtained in standard MRS media. Corn steep water (S) was used as well and the growth enhanced by including Tween – 80 at 1% level. The later …

Effect Of Chromium On Growth Of Green Alga Scenedesmus Quadr Icauda (Turp.) De Berb. With Increase Of Nitrogen Concentration, Altaf Abid Alwhed Al- Rawi

Baghdad Science Journal

The study was conducted to identify the toxicity of chromium on scenedesmus quadricauda algae alone and in the presence of nutrient metal (Nitrogen). Different concentrations of chromium (0.5, 1.5 , 2.5, 3.5 , 4.5mg/L) were used and the presence nitrogen is (5 ,10 ,50 ,100mg/L) on cultur media(chu-10) with used for cultivation of the algae in controlled conditions(25oC , light intensity 380 –μE/m2 /s. The results showed increasing in the toxicity of the metal when is alone , excess of concentrations an time of exposure. The growth rate decreased from 0.44 to 0.06 cell/ hour after 12 day of the …

Effect Of Some Physical Factors (Temperature, Light Intensity) On Ability Of Algae (Scendesmus Quadricauda , Chlorella Vulgaris) To Remove Pollutants, Roeda F. Kamel, Anmar W. Sabri, Basmat J. Abd-Albaqi, Ibtihal Amory, Zena M. Mahdi, Taiseer K. Abd-Alkareem, Sanaa S Mohamed

Baghdad Science Journal

The study included studying some of the optimum environmental conditions(temperature ,light intensity ) on the production of several green algae Scendesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris in a selected culture and municipal wastewater . The study also included the recording of growth rate ,doubling time and removal of phosphate and nitrate , maximum rate was recorded to the growth with minimum in doubling time and maximum removal rate of nitrogen-nitrate and phosor- phosphate in each selected culture and municipal wastewater in each species of green algae at 25 C° and a light intensity 380 µ E / m2 / s.

Antibacterial Activities Of Volatile Oils From Mentha Piperia Against Growth Of Pathogenic Bacteria, Mohammed. I. Nader, Maareb .N. Rasheed, Ahmed Harbi Ibraheem

Baghdad Science Journal

The study included the extraction of volatile oil from Mentha piperita which was 1.3 % in the leaves and flowers . Volatile oil of the Mentha piperita leaves had special aromatic odour, pale yellow color, slightly pungent taste . The specific gravity and refractive index were (0.9794) and ( 1.464) respectively. The inhibition activity of the Mentha piperita Volatile oil extracts were studied on some pathogenic microorganisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp, and Klebsiella pneumoniae . The result showed that the volatile oil had an inhibition effect on the growth of all microorganisms, and it gave …

The Effect Of Wastewater Disposal On The Water Quality And Phytoplankton In Erbil Wastewater Channel., Yahya A. Shekha, Nadhen H. Haydar, Yadi O. Mustafa Al-Barzingy

Baghdad Science Journal

In this study, phytoplankton density, chlorophyll-a, and selected physico-chemical parameters were investigated in Erbilwastewater channel. The surveys were carried out monthly from May 2003 to April 2004. Samplings were established on three sites from headwaters to the mouth. The results showed that pH was in alkaline side of neutrality, with significant differences (P<0.05) between sites 1 and 3. TSS concentration decreased from site 1 toward site 2 (mean value, 80.15 to 25.79 mg.l-1). A clear gradual increase in mineral content (TDS) observed from site one of the channel towards the mouthpart. Soluble reactive phosphate has a concentration maximum mean value reached 48.4 μg.l-1which is recorded in site 2. A high positive relationship (P<0.01, r =0.449) obtained between phosphate concentration and phytoplankton density. The results of chlorophyll-aconcentration were (mean values, 2.26, 3.88 and 2.42 μg.l-1respectively), showed the positive relationship (P<0.05, r =0.012) with phytoplankton density . The PCA produced three significant main components which represented by more than 64.5% of the total variance, namely, nutrients related to algal productivity; disposal wastewater and storm water runoff, in which explained by 31.29, 19.68 and 13.55% respectively of the total variance of water qualityin polluted channel.

Immobilization Of Vibrio Cholerae S1 (Nag) L-Glutaminase On Different Supports, Shatha Salman Hassan

Baghdad Science Journal

Sixteen Vibrio isolates producing L-glutaminase were obtained from clinical and water samples , one isolate was selected according to its’ highest enzyme productivity , it was identified as Vibrio cholerae (NAG) and coded as V. cholerae S1. The bacteria was cultured in a liquid medium (containing L-glutamine) , L-glutaminase was extracted from the cells by ultrasonication , the enzyme was precipitated by 30 % saturation of ammonium sulphate , dialyzed and immobilized by adsorption on different supports including Sephadex G-100 , cellulose powder , starch , silica gel , glass beads and charcoal. Sephadex G-100 retained most of enzyme activity …

Study The Effect Of Camellia Sinensis Alcoholic Extract Against Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated From Eye Infections ( Conjunctivitis), Sundus Adil Naji

Baghdad Science Journal

The present study examined the effect of alcoholic extract of Camellia sinensis against Gram negative bacteria isolated from eyes infections (conjunctivitis), 25 specimens (39.68%) gave positive bacterial culture from a total of 63 samples. The bacteria detected includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.69%), Enterobacter spp. (7.93%), Escherichia coli (6.34%), Moraxella spp. (4.76%), Proteus mirabilis (4.76%) and Klebsiella spp. (3.17%). The activity of the alcoholic extract of Camellia sinensis was also evaluated in the present study. The inhibitory ability of Camellia sinensis alcoholic extract against bacterial isolates at concentration (10,20,40,80,100)% showed the biggest average of inhibition zones diameters (25,23,23,17,15,13) mm at 100% concentration …

Abundance And Ecological Significance Of The Clam Rangia Cuneata (Sowerby, 1831) In The Upper Barataria Estuary (Louisiana, Usa), Wai Hing Wong, Nancy N. Rabalais, R. Eugene Turner

Faculty Publications

We proposed that Rangia cuneata (Sowerby, 1831) is an important estuarine bivalve with ecological significance in three coastal lakes in Barataria Bay, Gulf of Mexico—Lake Cataouatche, Lake Salvador and Lac des Allemands. Our goals were to determine the abundance and distribution of Rangia in these lakes and to measure clearance times to elucidate its potential impacts on phytoplankton communities. The estimated average densities of R. cuneata in Lake Cataouatche, Lake Salvador, and Lac des Allemands were 63, 157, and 107 individuals m−2, respectively, which is 30% lower than that observed in nearby Lake Pontchartrain. The size of clams in Lake …

Commencement Of The Class Of 2010, Illinois Mathematics And Science Academy

Ceremony

No abstract provided.

There's Cologne In The Water: The Inadequacy Of U.S. Environmental Statutes To Address Emerging Environmental Contaminants, William Wombacher

Colorado Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Candidate Genes For Chromosomes 6 And 10: Quantitative Trait Loci For Age-Related Retinal Degeneration In Mice, D.G. Ogando, Kam D. Dahlquist, M. Alizadeh, K. Kunchithapautham, J. Li, N. Yu, M.M. Lavail, B. Rohrer, D. Vollrath, M. Danciger

Biology Faculty Works

Purpose: In a previous study, several quantitative trait loci (QTL) that influence age-related degeneration (ageRD) were identified in a cross between the albino strains B6(Cg)-Tyr(c-2J)/J (B6a) and BALB/cByJ (C). The Chromosome (Chr) 6 and Chr 10 QTL were the strongest and most highly significant loci and both involved B6a protective alleles. The QTL were responsible for 21% and 9% of the variance in phenotypes, respectively. We focused on these two QTL to identify candidate genes. Methods: DNA microarrays were used for the two mouse strains at four and eight months of age to identify genes that are differentially regulated and …

Slides: Climate Change Adaptation And The Federal Lands, Robert L. Glicksman

The Past, Present, and Future of Our Public Lands: Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the Public Land Law Review Commission’s Report, One Third of the Nation’s Land (Martz Summer Conference, June 2-4)

Presenter: Robert L. Glicksman, J.B. and Maurice C. Shapiro Professor of Environmental Law, George Washington University Law School (Washington, D.C.)

12 slides