Digital Commons Network^™

Patterns Of Drug Use And Abuse Among Aging Adults With And Without Hiv: A Latent Class Analysis Of A Us Veteran Cohort, Traci C. Green, Trace Kershaw, Haiqun Lin, Robert Heimer, Joseph L. Goulet, Kevin L. Kraemer, Adam J. Gordon, Steve A. Maisto, Nancy L. Day, Kendall Bryant, David A. Fiellin, Amy C. Justice

United States Public Health Resources

This study characterized the extent and patterns of self-reported drug use among aging adults with and without HIV, assessed differences in patterns by HIV status, and examined pattern correlates. Data derived from 6351 HIV-infected and uninfected adults enrolled in an eight-site matched cohort, the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS). Using clinical variables from electronic medical records and sociodemographics, drug use consequences, and frequency of drug use from baseline surveys, we performed latent class analyses (LCA) stratified by HIV status and adjusted for clinical and socio-demographic covariates. Participants were, on average, age 50 (range 22–86), primarily male (95%) and African-American (64%). …

Thirty Years Of Mortality Assessment In Whooping Crane Reintroductions: Patterns And Implications, Barry K. Hartup, Marilyn G. Spalding, Nancy J. Thomas, Gretchen A. Cole, Young Jun Kim

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

We reviewed postmortem data to identify primary causes of mortality in reintroduced whooping cranes (Grus americana) and assess their potential for mitigation in future reintroduction efforts. In total, 240 cases from 3 populations were reviewed for causes of death, including the Rocky Mountain migratory population (n = 24, release dates 1975-1989), the Florida resident population (n = 186, 1993-2005), and the Wisconsin migratory population (n = 30, 2001-ongoing). Traumatic injury was the leading cause of mortality among the reintroduced whooping cranes, most commonly from predation (n = 120 or 50%, range 8-58% per project) or collision with fixed …

Morbidity And Mortality Of Captive Whooping Cranes At The International Crane Foundation 1976–2008, Barry K. Hartup, Jennifer N. Niemuth, Bridget Fitzpatrick, Maureen Fox, Cristin Kelley

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Tracking the incidence of morbidity and mortality in captive animal collections helps inform husbandry and preventive medicine programs aimed at improving population health and viability. Carpenter and Derrickson (1982) and Olsen et al. (1997) published summary reports of captive whooping crane (Grus americana) mortality that served to identify key problem areas for the primary breeding flock and potential reintroduction programs involving this endangered species. We expanded on this approach and conducted an initial evaluation of morbidity and mortality factors for whooping cranes at the International Crane Foundation (ICF). The purpose of our study was to identify overrepresented factors …

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis: Annotated Bibliography

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

The bibliography includes 259 research publications from the years 1930-2010. It is international in scope, including articles relating to North and South America, Africa, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. It includes journal articles, dissertations, government publications, reports, and proceedings. Each publication entry includes citation, abstract, and key words.

The bibliography (PDF) was generated from an MS Access database. A "zipped" version of that database is attached below as a related file (it is approximately 175 Mb)

Estimating The Extent Of Spatial Association Of Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In Badgers In Ireland, G. E. Kelly, G. E. Mcgrath, S. J. More

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Mycobacterium bovis infects the wildlife species badgers Meles meles who are linked with the spread of the associated disease tuberculosis (TB) in cattle. Control of livestock infections depends in part on the spatial and social structure of the wildlife host. Here we describe spatial association of M. bovis infection in a badger population using data from the first year of the Four Area Project in Ireland. Using second-order intensity functions, we show there is strong evidence of clustering of TB cases in each the four areas, i.e. a global tendency for infected cases to occur near other infected cases. Using …

Emergence Of Diseases From Wildlife Reservoirs, J. C. Rhyan, T. R. Spraker

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Interest in the epidemiology of emerging diseases of humans and livestock as they relate to wildlife has increased greatly over the past several decades. Many factors, most anthropogenic, have facilitated the emergence of diseases from wildlife. Some livestock diseases have ‘‘spilled over’’ to wildlife and then ‘‘spilled back’’ to livestock. When a population is exposed to an infectious agent, depending on an interaction of factors involving the host, agent, and environment, the population may be resistant to infection or may become a dead-end host, a spillover host, or a maintenance host. Each exposure is unique; the same species of host …

Exploring Science Through Media: The Omaha Science Media Project 2009–2010, Belita Kalala, Scott Barry, Rebecca Aiken, Soo Hui-Lee, Mary Claire Rice, Elizabeth Gamez, Nkem Kalu, Amy Struthers, Adam Wagler, Bruce Mitchell, Julie Nichols

College of Journalism and Mass Communications: Student Advertising Projects

The Omaha Science Media Project represents the efforts of more than a hundred people across eight organizations. Working together, these individuals explored innovations in teaching and learning science that challenged and contributed to Omaha’s learning community. This program owes tremendous gratitude to Katie Weitz White and the Sherwood Foundation for their vision, support, and enthusiasm. The Sherwood Foundation’s work has been critical to inspiring students, energizing teachers, and building strong programs for all. We also thank the Omaha Schools Foundation for its guidance and support. The project’s principal investigator is Judy Diamond, Ph.D., Professor and Curator of Informal Science Education …

Critical Comment: What We Don’T Recognize Can Hurt Us: A Plea For Awareness About Cryptic Species, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De León, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

We conducted an extensive literature review on studies that have used DNA sequences to detect cryptic species of parasites during the last decade. Each literature citation that included the term ‘‘cryptic’’ or ‘‘sibling’’ species was analyzed to determine the approach used by the author(s). Reports were carefully filtered to retain only those that recognized the existence of cryptic species centered on the use of DNA sequences. Based on analysis of these papers, we comment on the different ways that parasite cryptic species are discovered in studies focusing on different aspects of the host–parasite relationship, or disciplines, within parasitology. We found …

Adverse Outcome Pathways And Ecological Risk Assessment: Bridging To Population-Level Effects, Vincent J. Kramer, Matthew A. Etterson, Markus Hecker, Cheryl A. Murphy, Guritno Roesijadi, Daniel J. Spade, Julann A. Spromberg, Magnus Wang, Gerald T. Ankley

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Maintaining the viability of populations of plants and animals is a key focus for environmental regulation. Population-level responses integrate the cumulative effects of chemical stressors on individuals as those individuals interact with and are affected by their conspecifics, competitors, predators, prey, habitat, and other biotic and abiotic factors. Models of population-level effects of contaminants can integrate information from lower levels of biological organization and feed that information into higher-level community and ecosystem models. As individual-level endpoints are used to predict population responses, this requires that biological responses at lower levels of organization be translated into a form that is usable …

The Malarial Cdk Pfmrk And Its Effector Pfmat1 Phosphorylate Dna Replication Proteins And Co-Localize In The Nucleus, Dayadevi Jirage, Yueqin Chen, Diana Caridha, Michael T. O’Neil, Fredrick Eyase, William H. Witola, Choukri Ben Mamoun, Norman C. Waters

United States Army: Publications

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have an established role in metazoans and yeast in DNA replication, transcription and cell cycle regulation. Several CDKs and their effectors have been identified in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and their biological functions are beginning to be investigated. Here we report results from the functional characterization of Pfmrk and its effector PfMAT1. We validated the interactions between Pfmrk and PfMAT1 and pinpointed their intracellular location. Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated physical interaction between the two proteins and identified the C-terminal domain of PfMAT1 as the Pfmrk activator domain. Immunofluorescence analyses using GFP and RFP-tagged versions of Pfmrk and …

Economic Burden Of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Based On Total Resource Utilization, Marcos I. Restrepo, Antonio Anzueto, Alejandro C. Arroliga, Bekele Afessa, Mark J. Atkinson, Ngoc J. Ho, Regina Schinner, Ronald L. Bracken, Marin H. Kollef

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Attributable Costs Of Surgical Site Infection And Endometritis After Low Transverse Cesarean Delivery, Margaret A. Olsen, Anne M. Butler, Denise M. Willers, Gilad A. Gross, Barton H. Hamilton, Victoria J. Fraser

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 (Mda5) Is Involved In The Innate Immune Response To Paramyxoviridae Infection In Vivo, Leonid Gitlin, Loralyn Benoit, Christina Song, Marina Cella, Susan Gilfillan, Michael J. Holtzman, Marco Colonna

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Chlorella Viruses Encode Most, If Not All, Of The Machinery To Glycosylate Their Glycoproteins Independent Of The Endoplasmic Reticulum And Golgi, James L. Van Etten, James Gurnon, Giane M. Yanai-Balser, David Dunigan, Michael V. Graves

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

In contrast to all other viruses that use the host machinery located in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi to glycosylate their glycoproteins, the large dsDNA-containing chlorella viruses encode most, if not all, of the components to glycosylate their major capsid proteins. Furthermore, all experimental results indicate that glycosylation occurs independent of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. (Review article)

Race And Outcomes Of Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation For Multiple Myeloma, Parameswaran N. Hari, Navneet S. Majhail, Mei-Jie Zhang, Anna Hassebroek, Fareeha Siddiqui, Karen Ballen, Asad Bashey, Jenny Bird, Cesar O. Freytes, John Gibson, Gregaory Hale, Leona Holmberg, Ram Kamble, Robert A. Kyle, Hillard M. Lazarus, Charles F. Lemaistre, Fausto Loberiza, Angelo Maiolino, Philip L. Mccarthy, Gustavo Milone, Nancy Omondi, Donna E. Reece, Matthew Seftel, Michael Trigg, David Vesole, Brendan Weiss, Peter Wiernik, Stephanie J. Lee, J. Douglas Rizzo, Paulette Mehta

United States Department of Veterans Affairs: Publications

Blacks are twice as likely to develop and die from multiple myeloma (MM), and are less likely to receive an autologous hematopoietic-cell transplant (AHCT) for MM compared to Whites. The influence of race on outcomes of AHCT for MM is not well described. We compared the probability of overall survival (OS), progression- free survival (PFS), disease progression, and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) among Black (N=303) and White (N=1892) recipients of AHCT for MM, who were reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) from 1995 to 2005. The Black cohort was more likely to be female, and …

Activity Of Topical Antimicrobial Agents Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Recovered From Burn Patients, Jessie S. Glasser, Charles H. Guymon, Katrin Mende, Steven E. Wolf, Duane R. Hospenthal, Clinton K. Murray

United States Army: Publications

Background:

Topical antimicrobials are employed for prophylaxis and treatment of burn
wound infections despite no established susceptibility breakpoints, which are becoming vital in an era of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. We compared two methods of determining topical antimicrobial susceptibilities.

Methods:

Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumanii-calcoaceticus (ABC) from burn patients were tested using broth microdilution and agar well diffusion to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and zones of inhibition (ZI). Isolates had systemic antibiotic resistance and clonality determined. MDR included resistance to antibiotics in three or more …

History Of Medicine Schedule 2010-2011, Houston History Of Medicine Society

Houston History of Medicine Lectures (2006-2012)

• William Osler (1849-1919): America’s Most Famous Physician (Robert E. Rakel)
• The Assassination of John F. Kennedy: A Neurosurgeon’s Eyewitness Account of the Medical Aspect of the Events of November 22, 1963 (Robert G. Grossman)
• Making Cancer History: Disease and Discovery at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (James S. Olson)
• The History of Pathology as a Biological Science and Medical Specialty (L. Maximillian Buja)
• “Medicine in the Mid-19th Century America” (Student Essay Contest Winner) (David Hunter)
• The Achievements and Enduring Relevance of Rudolph Virchow (Nathan Grohmann)
• Medicine: Perspectives in History and Art (Robert E. Greenspan)
• What Every Physician …

The United States Smallpox Bioterrorism Preparedness Plan: Rational Response Or Potemkin Planning, Edward P. Richards Iii

William Mitchell Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Vertebral Osteoarthritis Between Archaic And Mississippian Populations And Its Relation To Subsistence Activities : An Examination Of The Burials At The Perry Site (1lu25) And Moundville (Msm) Sites, Jessica Johns

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Fungi-Derived Natural Products With Binding Affinities For Human Opioid Or Cannabinoid Receptors, Jiangtao Gao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Both opioid and cannabinoid receptors belong to the large superfamily of GPCRs and play an important role in a variety of processes including pain, craving, neurodegeneration, metabolic regulation, anxiety and immune function. Therefore, recent advances and discoveries in opioid and cannabinoid receptors have paved the way for a very exciting future for opioid and cannabinoid receptors-based therapies to potentially treat a variety of conditions. However, the growing realizations of the complexity of these two receptors regulation in physiological and pathological conditions have discouraged the development of new therapeutics. So, it is important for us to identify new chemical scaffolds which …

The Legal Ecology Of Resistance: The Role Of Antibiotic Resistance In Pharmaceutical Innovation, Kevin Outterson

Cardozo Law Review

Antibiotic effectiveness is a common pool resource that can be prematurely depleted through resistance. Some experts warn that we may face a global ecological collapse in antibiotic effectiveness.

Conventional wisdom argues for more intellectual property rights to speed the creation of new antibiotics. Recent theoretical literature suggests that conservation-based approaches may yield superior results. This Article describes a novel typology for organizing these emerging theories and provides an early empirical test of these models using proprietary data on the sales of vancomycin, an important hospital antibiotic for the last three decades.

The results challenge the assumptions in several models and …

Clinical Trial Of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy To Reduce Antiretroviral Side Effects In Hiv Patients, R. Eric Doerfler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background & Purpose: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS has led to significant improvements in survival and a reduction in AIDS-related morbidity. Adherence to regimens is vital, yet clinical observations and research have suggested that side effects are a significant reason for non-adherence. This randomized, controlled clinical trial was a pilot study sought to determine if a brief exposure cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) could reduce side effect symptoms in HIV/AIDS patients on ART.

Methods: 33 participants were randomized to standard adherence education alone or adherence education plus three sessions of CBT over a period of three months.

Results: Completing the study were …

Assessing The Learning Needs Of South Carolina Nurses By Exploring Their Perceived Knowledge Of Emergency Preparedness, Anne Elizabeth Mckibbin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Problem: Nurses are first responders to natural or man made disasters and increasing awareness of the central role nurses play in disaster response may prompt nurses to sharpen existing skills and develop new skills needed to competently respond to disaster events.

Purpose: To assess South Carolina nurses' learning needs by exploring their perceived knowledge of emergency preparedness in order to gain a better understanding of nurses' emergency preparedness learning needs and prioritize training efforts based on these needs.

Design and Methods: Boone's Programming Model's concept of planning provided the framework for this study which utilized a descriptive correlational design. The …

How Our Health Depends On Biodiversity, Eric Chivian M.D., Aaron Bernstein M.D., M.P.H.

Ecosystem Disruption & Climate Change

The eminent Harvard biology Professor Edward O.Wilson once said about ants, “We need them to survive, but they don’t need us at all.” The same, in fact, could be said about countless other insects, bacteria, fungi, plankton, plants, and other organisms. This fundamental truth, however, is largely lost to many of us. Rather, we humans often act as if we are totally independent of Nature, as if our driving thousands of other species to extinction and disrupting the life-giving services they provide will have no effect on us whatsoever.

This summary, using concrete examples from our award-winning Oxford University Press …

Synthesis And Structure Activity Relationship Studies Of A Natural Product-Derived Compound Library, Paul Whitney Swain Iii

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Infectious diseases will always be a public health concern. The incidence of bacterial strains found in clinical settings that exhibit resistance to our current arsenal of antimicrobial drugs has risen sharply in the past twenty years and is projected to keep rising. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) stated that more people die of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections per year in US hospitals than HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis combined. However, stagnation of research in the area of infectious diseases over the past forty years has left us dreadfully behind in the battle against these deadly pathogens.

Recently, researchers have …

Lessons From A Career In Medicine And Education - Rani Bright, Mbbs, Justin Guthier

Voices from the Floor

No abstract provided.

Pathogenic And Opportunistic Microorganisms In Caves, Valme Jurado, Leonila Laiz, Veronica Rodriguez-Nava, Patrick Boiron, Bernardo Hermosin, Sergio Sanchez-Moral, Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez

International Journal of Speleology

With today’s leisure tourism, the frequency of visits to many caves makes it necessary to know about possible potentially pathogenic microorganisms in caves, determine their reservoirs, and inform the public about the consequences of such visits. Our data reveal that caves could be a potential danger to visitors because of the presence of opportunistic microorganisms, whose existence and possible development in humans is currently unknown.

Rapid Emergence Of Co-Colonization With Community-Acquired And Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Strains In The Hospital Setting, Joanna R. Wares, Erika M.C. D'Agata, Glenn F. Webb

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

Background: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMRSA), a novel strain of MRSA, has recently emerged and rapidly spread in the community. Invasion into the hospital setting with replacement of the hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) has also been documented. Co-colonization with both CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA would have important clinical implications given differences in antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the potential for exchange of genetic information.

Methods: A deterministic mathematical model was developed to characterize the transmission dynamics of HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA in the hospital setting and to quantify the emergence of co-colonization with both strains Results: The model analysis shows that the …

An Examination Of Chronic Pain Coping Strategies And Health Locus Of Control Among Prison Inmates, Joseph Mitrovich

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The present study evaluated the types of coping strategies for chronic pain implemented by 88 inmates, and the degree to which these inmates possessed an internal versus external locus of control. Based on the findings of previous research, it was expected that inmates would report utilizing passive coping strategies more often than active coping strategies, and that passive strategies would be associated with poorer adjustment to pain in terms of depression, pain intensity, and pain interference with daily activities. It was also expected that inmates would report higher levels of external locus of control beliefs than internal locus of control …

Climate Change And Displacement: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 2010, Edited By J. Mcadam, Benjamin J. Richardson

Articles & Book Chapters

No abstract provided.