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Bioethics And Biosecurity Education In China: Rise Of A Scientific Superpower., Barr S. Michael, Joy Yueyue Zhang

Book Chapters

This chapter explores ethics, education and the life sciences in China. It is based on work conducted by the authors in two separate but complimentary projects. Barr’s observations derive from interviews and discussions in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou with life scientists and policymakers in infectious-disease hospitals, university-research labs, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Ministry of Health. Zhang’s study focused on China’s governance of stem-cell research and involved interviews with scientists, ethicists and policymakers at more than 25 sites across China. Below, we set the context by describing the role of science in China’s quest to become a leading …

Evaluation Of Antibacterial Activity Of Flower Extracts Of Cassia Auriculata, S. Maneemegalai, T. Naveen

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

Since plants are used as therapeutic agents, the present study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical profile and antibacterial activities of flower extracts of Cassia auriculata. Studies on the antibacterial activity of ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of dry flower and ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of fresh flower of Cassia auriculata was conducted using agar disc diffusion method. The microorganisms used include Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae and Shigella dysentrae. The maximum activity was observed against all organisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella …

The Roles Of Rhle And Hfq In Srna-Dependent Gene Regulation, Abeykoon Jayalath Iresha Sandeepanie Rathnayake

Wayne State University Theses

THE ROLES OF RHLE AND HFQ IN SRNA-DEPENDENT GENE REGULATION

by

ABEYKOON JAYALATH IRESHA SANDEEPANIE RATHNAYAKE

DECEMBER 2010

Advisor: Dr. Andrew Feig

Major: Chemistry

Degree: Master of Science

Bacteria are adapted to live in diverse environmental conditions. Thus, they show excellent tolerance and response to extreme environmental conditions caused by low or high temperatures, high salinity, reactive oxygen species or high nutrient concentrations. sRNAs have been identified and characterized as cis-acting or trans-acting post-transcriptional regulators in diverse cellular processes including virulence and adaptation to environmental stress (11,12,14,15). Interactions of sRNAs and target mRNAs result in translational repression, translational activation or/and …

Introduction: Eastphalia Emerging?: Asia, International Law, And Global Governance, David Fidler

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Eastphalia Emerging?: Asia, International Law, and Global Governance, Symposium. Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Bloomington, Indiana, 2009

Pursuing Health As Foreign Policy: The Case Of China, Yanzhong Huang

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Eastphalia Emerging?: Asia, International Law, and Global Governance, Symposium. Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Bloomington, Indiana, 2009

Human Security With An Asian Face?, Sung Won Kim

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Eastphalia Emerging?: Asia, International Law, and Global Governance, Symposium. Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Bloomington, Indiana, 2009

From A Constitutional Right To A Policy Of Exceptions: Abigail Alliance And The Future Of Access To Experimental Therapy, Patricia J. Zettler, Seema K. Shah

Faculty Publications By Year

Although there has been considerable attention to the plight of terminally ill patients with highly sympathetic constitutional and contractual claims that they should be permitted access to unapproved drugs, courts have been appropriately reluctant to grant such claims. Congress and administrative agencies have the requisite institutional competence to decide complex policy issues related to science and health care such as those involved in establishing an expanded access program. Congress and FDA should allow only limited access to unapproved therapies because there are significant concerns about the safety and efficacy of unapproved drugs. Moreover, many of the proposals to widen access …

Purification And Characterization Of A Leishmania Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase : A Potentially New Anti-Parasitic Drug Target, Sailaja Sankabathula

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Synthetic inhibitors of the human mitogen activated protein kinase, p38 MAPK may represent a new class of anti-parasitic agents. p38 MAPK inhibitors have been shown to inhibit replication of Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii), the causative agent of taxoplasmosis, in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of parasite replication was due to the inhibition of a T.gondii p38 MAPK homolog called tgmapk-1. Other parasites have MAPKs homologous to tgmapk-1 and these MAPKs may represent novel drug targets for new therapeutics in treating parasitic diseases. We have focused on a MAPK from, Leishmania mexicana (L.mexicana), the causative agent for one form of leishmaniasis. The …

The Immune Response In The Central Nervous System During West Nile Virus Persistence, Barbara Sharon Stewart

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

West Nile virus (WNV) persists in a wide array of hosts ranging from mice to humans. In convalescent humans, WNV RNA persists in urine for up to 6.7 years, and IgM antibody against WNV persists in serum for up to 12 months post-inoculation (p.i.). Previous work using the mouse model demonstrated that WNV persists in central nervous system (CNS) tissues as infectious virus and as RNA for up to 4 months and 6 months p.i., respectively. In this study, we sought to elucidate the mechanism for viral persistence in the CNS using the mouse model. Characterization of the leukocyte infiltrate …

Arsenic Speciation Analysis Of Biological Fluids : A Study Of Liquid Chromatography Coupled To Analytical Atomic Spectrometric Instrumentation, Kanna Ito

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Arsenic exists as many different chemical forms including inorganic, methylated and dietary species. The toxicity of these species varies: some are highly toxic and can cause adverse health effects in many parts of the body; others are considered relatively non-toxic. Monitoring arsenic exposure is usually accomplished by its direct measurement in biological fluids. Urine is the specimen of choice for assessing arsenic exposure, because of its short biological half-life in blood. There have been very few studies of arsenic species in blood, yet such research can provide valuable information on arsenic distribution and its metabolism in the body.

Ecological Invasion In Spatially Competitive Systems, Andrew James Allstadt

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Although the term invasion conjures images of invasive species, the dynamics of rarity is fundamental to many ecological processes. The community-level effects of invasion are determined by interactions between individuals in the system. Competition is most intense between neighboring individuals, which may generate spatial organization that can affect the outcome and time scale of an invasion. In this dissertation, I use analytic and simulation models of invasion to study preemptive competition between a rare invading type, and a resident that already occupies the system. In Chapter 1, I give motivation for these studies, and then introduce a spatially structured, individual-based …

Negotiating New Roles, New Moralities : Ukrainian Women Physicians At A Post-Socialist Crossroad, Maryna Yevgenivna Bazylevych

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

My dissertation discusses concepts of professionalism and morality as seen by women physicians in post-socialist Ukraine. As in many other post-socialist societies, Ukrainian women constitute the majority of the medical profession (over 70% of practicing physicians and 80% of medical students). Most of the existing literature explains this narrowly in materialist terms whereby low salary is viewed as determinant of low prestige and thus unattractiveness to men. I suggest that prestige is defined much broader in the local context. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Central and Western Ukraine (2007-2008), I argue that the meanings of prestige carry both socialist and …

The Impact And Shortfall Of Conservation On The Status Of The World's Vertebrates , M Hoffmann, C Hilton-Taylor, A Angulo, Monica Bohm Phd, Shm Bbutchart, K E. Carpenter, J Chanson, B Collen, N A. Cox, Neil Cumberlidge

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Healthy People 2010 – A Provider Guide: Leading The Way To Health, Blue Cross And Blue Shield Of Florida, Inc.

Florida Blue Archives Printed Materials

An informational guide for Physicians about leading the way to health. 2010.

Inquiro 4 (Complete Issue), Inquiro Staff

Inquiro (undergraduate research journal)

No abstract provided.

"We Came, We Saw, But I Am Not Sure We Conquered": The Effects Of New Vaccines And Emerging Virus Strains, Ashruta Patel

Inquiro (undergraduate research journal)

pp. 12-13

Molecular Fingerprinting Of Some Clinically Significant Nocardia And Related Strains By Restriction Polymorphism Ribosomal Rna Analyses, Kami̇l Işik, Michael Goodfellow

Turkish Journal of Biology

Fifty-three Nocardia strains were the subject of a restriction polymorphic ribosomal RNA analysis (ribotyping) designed to distinguish between representatives of clinically significant species and related strains. The organisms were assigned to 19 groups using a combination of EcoRV gene restriction endonuclease patterns and a digoxigenin-labelled Streptomyces violaceoruber TK21 rDNA probe. Each ribotype group contained 4 to 13 restriction fragments that ranged in size from 20.7 to 0.9 kb. The N. brasiliensis, N. crassostreae, N. farcinica, N. otitidiscaviarum, and N. seriolea strains showed distinct ribotype patterns. Unique banding patterns were also seen for the type strains of N. brevicatena, N. carnea, …

An Application Of Nonlinear Canonical Correlation Analysis On Medical Data, Ayşe Canan Yazici, Ersi̇n Öğüş, Handan Ankarali, Fi̇kret Gürbüz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

In studies in the field of medicine, necessity to examine the relations between data sets composed of categorical variable groups is widely encountered. In this study, it was aimed to examine nonlinear canonical correlation analysis (OVERALS) method, which allows examination of relations among K number of categorical variable sets and structural similarities of the data set, and to discuss usefulness of the method in more comprehensive data sets obtained from studies carried out in the field of medicine in terms of practice and interpretation. Materials and methods: OVERALS method was applied to a part of data set obtained from a …

Comparison Of Quality Of Life In Hepatitis B Virus Carriers Versus Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Carriers Versus The Normal Population, Meltem Işikgöz Taşbakan, Özen Önen Sertöz, Hüsnü Pullukçu, Şebnem Çalik, Oğuz Reşat Si̇pahi̇, Tansu Yamazhan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To compare health related quality of life (HRQOL) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers versus chronic HBV disease carriers versus the normal population. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of 2 groups. HBV carriers were recruited from individuals who were regularly followed-up at the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology outpatient clinic of our setting due to inactivity in HBV infection. The control group was recruited from the same outpatient clinic among patients who had a diagnosis of chronic HBV infection and who were not undergoing active treatment yet. Both groups were requested to fill in the short form 36 …

The Comprehensive Evaluation Of Latent Tuberculosis Infection In Health Care Workers And Of Patients With Active Tuberculosis Using Tst, Elisa, And Elispot Methods, Hülya Şi̇mşek, Si̇bel Meryem Alpar, Kurtuluş Aksu, Funda Aksu, İsmai̇l Ceyhan, Sali̇h Cesur, Ayşegül Gözalan, Mustafa Ertek

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Until recently, the tuberculin skin test (TST) has been the only assay used for detecting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), but two ex-vivo tests, used as alternative methods to TST, based on enumerating the M. tuberculosis-specific interferon (IFN)-\gamma response are now commercially licensed. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of TST, QuantiFERON Gold (QFT-G), and T-SPOT.TB in diagnosing LTBI and active tuberculosis (TB). Materials and methods: This study was carried out with 95 participants including 3 groups (negative control, close contact, and patient groups) during a 10-month period from March 2007 to January 2008. Results: …

The Prevalence Of Home Injuries Among Elderly People In Samsun, Turkey, And The Influencing Factors, Hülya Doğan, Sevgi̇ Canbaz, Berna Tander, Yildiz Pekşen, Ferhan Cantürk, Ni̇met Özal Oruç

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Home injuries are a serious public health problem for the elderly. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of home injuries among elderly people in Samsun, Turkey, and the influencing factors. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 January and 28 February 2007. A questionnaire, the Home-Screen Scale (HSS), and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were administered to the elderly subjects. Results: Of all participants, 20.6% had experienced some kind of home injury. Seven participants living alone and 14 living with their families had suffered home injuries, suggesting a statistically significant difference between these 2 groups (P < 0.05). Eleven (14.7%) subjects living in secure housing and 10 (37.0%) living in unsecure housing had suffered home injuries, the difference again being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Home injuries are more common among people living alone and in unsecure housing according to the HSS.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Cases In The Eastern Black Sea Region Of Turkey: Demographic, Geographic, Climatic, And Clinical Characteristics, Nurgün Günaydin, Kemaletti̇n Aydin, Gürdal Yilmaz, Hati̇ce Rahmet Çaylan, İftahar Köksal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a disease that is known since 1944 affecting many people across the world and causing a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the CCHF cases in our region. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in patients with CCHF who were hospitalized between 2004 and 2006 at Karadeniz Technical University. Demographic, geographic, climatic, and clinical characteristics of all patients were investigated. Results: A total of 102 patients with confirmed CCHF were investigated in this study. All of the patients were from rural areas. …

Influence Of \Beta-1,3/1,6 Glucan Applications On Some Non-Specific Cellular Immune Response And Haematologic Parameters Of Healthy Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus L., 1758), Aysel Şahan, Selçuk Duman

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the effects of \beta-glucan administration at different dosages on non-specific immune response and haematological parameters in healthy Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) were investigated. Fish were fed with diets containing 0.5% and 0.1% glucan (experiment) and without glucan (control) for 2 weeks. After feeding for 2 weeks with 2 different dosages, erythrocyte (RBC), leukocyte (WBC), hematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin (Hb) amount, leukocyte cell types (percentage of lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil), the values of phagocytic activities, erythrocyte cell indexes (MCV and MCH) and blood cell sizes were determined. WBC and phagocytic activity amounts, percentages of lymphocyte and monocyte of …

Acute Pulmonary Emphysema Cum Pulmonary Edema Apparently Associated With Feeding Of Brassica Juncea In A Dairy Buffalo, Ghulam Muhammad, Muhammad Saqib, Abeera Naureen

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This preliminary report describes the occurrence of acute pulmonary emphysema cum pulmonary edema ensuing in extensive subcutaneous emphysematous swellings in a dairy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) apparently associated with a sudden shift from berseem (Trifolium alexendrinum) to Brassica juncea fodder. Tachypnea, expiratory dyspnea, open-mouth breathing, loud expiratory grunt with abdominal lift, and crackles in ventral aspects of the lungs with normal rectal temperature characterized the condition clinically. A substantial improvement was noted 3 h after treatment with parenteral administration of prednisolone plus dexamethasone, diclofenac sodium, and furosemide. Per os administration of chlortetracycline was undertaken after dyspnea had abated. Extensive subcutaneous swellings …

Serological Evidence Of Egg Drop Syndrome’1976 (Eds’76) In Free-Range Chickens At Chicken Market Sites In Jos, Nigeria, A.Elayo Salihu, T. Mamuela Joannis, F. Chukwuemeka Onwuliri, J. Okpabi Ibu, A. Abdullahi Masdooq, Abdulhamid Muazu, Gimba Haruna, Joshua Ngbede

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Serological evidence of EDS'76 virus in free-range chickens at the various chicken markets (Kasuwan kaji, New market, Gada biyu, and Kugiya) located in Jos and its environs was investigated through antibody detection. The serum samples randomly collected from chickens were assayed for antibodies against EDS'76 virus by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. It was observed that 292 (15.2%) of the 1920 sera tested were positive for EDS'76 antibodies with HI titres ranging between log22 and log2128 and geometric mean titre (GMT) between 4.9 and 13.1. Of this number of positive sera, 150 (51.4%) were from Kasuwan kaji, 90 (30.8%) from Kugiya, 30 …

First Report Of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis In Bulgaria, Ilia Tsachev, Ioannis D. Kyriazis, Sofia Boutsini, Evdokia Karagouni, Eleni Dotsika

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Seroepidemiological studies on canine leishmaniasis in Bulgaria, even in areas where human leishmaniasis has been detected, are controversial. This report describes 2 clinical cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis. The disease was confirmed by microscopical, serological, and molecular methods. It is, therefore, suggested that infected dogs could constitute the reservoir for human leishmaniasis in the country.

Reliability Of Self-Reported History In Predicting Immunity Against Measles, Rubella, Mumps, And Varicella Among Health Care Workers, Çi̇gdem Ataman Hati̇poğlu, Ferah Ergi̇n, Günay Tuncer Ertem, Cemal Bulut, Ruki̇ye Berkem, Ali̇ Pekcan Demi̇röz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To determine the immunity of health care workers (HCWs) against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella infections, and to evaluate the reliability of self-reported history of the disease in predicting immunity. Materials and methods: A self-reported questionnaire was used to obtain the history of the diseases and ELISA to screen specific IgG antibodies. The history of the diseases was compared with serological testing results. Results: Eighty-one HCWs were included in the study. Immunity against measles was 97.5%, rubella 100%, mumps 72.8%, and varicella 96.3%. Positive predictive values of positive histories of the diseases were 100% for measles and rubella, 96.5% for …

Assessment Of Procalcitonin And Other Inflammatory Markers In Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis*, Reyhan Öztürk, Gül R. Yilmaz, Cemal Bulut, Hülya Parpucu, Sami̇ Kinikli, Murat Duranay, Ali̇ Pekcan Demi̇röz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

It is demonstrated that in end-stage renal failure without an infectious pathology conventional laboratory parameters such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) or other acute-phase proteins increase non-specifically. We aimed to evaluate procalcitonin (PCT) and other inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-related peritonitis. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted in a 600-bed tertiary hospital. Fifty patients with CAPD-related peritonitis constituting the study group and 50 CAPD patients without infection as the control group were included in the study between February 2006 …

Investigation Of The Causative Agents For Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Adult Patients, Yasemi̇n Zer, Nazan Bayram, İclal Balci, Ayten Fi̇li̇z

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common condition in healthy people, causing morbidity and mortality worldwide despite latest advances in therapy and immunization procedures. Causative agents cannot be detected in approximately 50% of CAP episodes and therapy is initiated empirically. We aimed to determine the spectrum and frequency of the causative agents in patients with CAP in a university hospital. Materials and methods: Seventy seven adult patients hospitalized with CAP from November 2007 to March 2008 were included. CAP was diagnosed with clinical, radiological, and laboratory signs. Results: Sputum and blood cultures grew Streptococcus pneumoniae in 15 specimens; Haemophilus influenzae in …

Family Level Phylogenies Reveal Modes Of Macroevolution In Rna Viruses, Andrew Kitchen, Laura Shackelton, Edward Holmes

United States Public Health Resources

Despite advances in understanding the patterns and processes of microevolution in RNA viruses, little is known about the determinants of viral diversification at the macroevolutionary scale. In particular, the processes by which viral lineages assigned as different “species” are generated remain largely uncharacterized. To address this issue, we use a robust phylogenetic approach to analyze patterns of lineage diversification in five representative families of RNA viruses. We ask whether the process of lineage diversification primarily occurs when viruses infect new host species, either through cross-species transmission or codivergence, and which are defined here as analogous to allopatric speciation in animals, …