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2009

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A Review Of The Lethal Spiny Lobster Virus Pav1 - Ten Years After Its Discovery, Donald C. Behringer, Mark J. Butler Iv, Jeffrey D. Shields Nov 2009

A Review Of The Lethal Spiny Lobster Virus Pav1 - Ten Years After Its Discovery, Donald C. Behringer, Mark J. Butler Iv, Jeffrey D. Shields

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

In 1999, we discovered that juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) in the Florida Keys were infected with PaV1 (Panulirus argus virus 1), the first naturally occurring pathogenic virus reported from lobsters. The virus profoundly affects their biology and ecology. PaV1 is probably wide-spread in the Caribbean with confirmed infections from the United States (Florida), St Croix, Mexico, and Belize; and anecdotal reports from the Bahamas and Cuba. Mean prevalence in the Florida Keys has been stable since 1999 (5 - 8%), but has risen from 2.7% to 10.9% in Mexico (Puerto Morelos), the only other country where …

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Does Theory Of Mind Mediate Aggression And Bullying In Middle School Males And Females?, Jami E. Givens Nov 2009

Does Theory Of Mind Mediate Aggression And Bullying In Middle School Males And Females?, Jami E. Givens

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between theory of mind, gender, physical aggression, relational aggression, and bullying. Specifically, this research study was guided by the question: Does theory of mind mediate the relations between gender and physical aggression, gender and relational aggression, and gender and bullying? Three main hypotheses were made following Baron and Kenny’s (1986) mediation model steps. The first hypothesis sought to identify whether gender differences existed in aggressive and bullying behaviors. Specifically, it was hypothesized that (a) adolescent females will endorse higher levels of relational aggression compared to adolescent males, (b) adolescent males …

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Sequence Comparison And Stochastic Model Based On Multi-Order Markov Models, Xiang Fang Nov 2009

Sequence Comparison And Stochastic Model Based On Multi-Order Markov Models, Xiang Fang

Department of Statistics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This dissertation presents two statistical methodologies developed on multi-order Markov models. First, we introduce an alignment-free sequence comparison method, which represents a sequence using a multi-order transition matrix (MTM). The MTM contains information of multi-order dependencies and provides a comprehensive representation of the heterogeneous composition within a sequence. Based on the MTM, a distance measure is developed for pair-wise comparison of sequences. The new method is compared with the traditional maximum likelihood (ML) method, the complete composition vector (CCV) method and the improved version of the complete composition vector (ICCV) method using simulated sequences. We further illustrate the application of …

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Polygamy Talk And The Politics Of Feminism: Contestations Over Masculinity In A New Muslim Indonesia, Sonja Van Wichelen Nov 2009

Polygamy Talk And The Politics Of Feminism: Contestations Over Masculinity In A New Muslim Indonesia, Sonja Van Wichelen

Journal of International Women's Studies

The political downfall of the Suharto administration in 1998 marked the end of the “New Order,” which was characterized by a 32-year period of authoritarian rule. Opening the way for democracy, it included the unlocking of Indonesian politics for the influence and participation of political Islam, which the New Order discouraged or banned. This shift led to a proliferation of Islamic issues in the public and political sphere. Many of them concerned issues of gender and have triggered profound debates about women’s rights and gender equality. This article examines one of these public concerns over “Islam and gender,” namely polygamy. …

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Acquisitions Archaeology -- What Is A Crisis? (Vol. 2 No. 2, April 1990), Jesse Holden Nov 2009

Acquisitions Archaeology -- What Is A Crisis? (Vol. 2 No. 2, April 1990), Jesse Holden

Against the Grain

No abstract provided.

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Where Souls Are Forgotten: Cultural Competencies, Forensic Evaluations, And International Human Rights, Michael L. Perlin, Valerie Mcclain Nov 2009

Where Souls Are Forgotten: Cultural Competencies, Forensic Evaluations, And International Human Rights, Michael L. Perlin, Valerie Mcclain

Articles & Chapters

Cultural competency is critical in criminal forensic evaluations. Cultural competency eschews reliance on stereotype, precluding the mistake of assuming that cultural dictates apply with equal force to all who share a cultural background, thus allowing the forensic examiner to provide a comprehensive picture of the defendant to the factfinder. While raised frequently in death penalty cases, it is equally important to the entire criminal process. Cultural sensitivity in test selection and interview techniques that enhance validity of results are addressed. In a parallel fashion, ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has drawn importance to …

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Microbial-Induced Heterogeneity In The Acoustic Properties Of Porous Media, Caroline A. Davis, Laura J. Pyrak-Nolte, Estella A. Atekwana, D. Dale, Werkema, Marisa E. Haugen Nov 2009

Microbial-Induced Heterogeneity In The Acoustic Properties Of Porous Media, Caroline A. Davis, Laura J. Pyrak-Nolte, Estella A. Atekwana, D. Dale, Werkema, Marisa E. Haugen

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

It is not known how biofilms affect seismic wave propagation in porous media. Such knowledge is critical for assessing the utility of seismic techniques for imaging biofilm development and their effects in field settings. Acoustic wave data were acquired over a two-dimensional region of a microbial-stimulated sand column and an unstimulated sand column. The acoustic signals from the unstimulated column were relatively uniform over the 2D scan region. The data from the microbial-stimulated column exhibited a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in the acoustic wave amplitude, with some regions exhibiting significant increases in attenuation while others exhibited decreases. Environmental scanning …

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Cactuss: Clustering Of Attack Tracks Using Significant Services, Christopher Thomas Murphy Nov 2009

Cactuss: Clustering Of Attack Tracks Using Significant Services, Christopher Thomas Murphy

Theses

Network analysts are bombarded with large amounts of low level data, posing great challenges for them to differentiate and recognize critical multistage attacks. Multistage attacks are performed by hackers to compromise one or more machines in a network to gradually gain access to critical information or network operation hidden behind layers of firewall rules. These multistage attacks, composed of correlated Intrusion Detection System (IDS) alerts, can be diverse in the way they progress and penetrate the network. There exists no current literature defining how these diverse multistage attacks may be classified or categorized. This work aims to perform unsupervised learning …

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Threats And Changes Affecting Human Relationships With Wilderness: Implications For Management, William T. Borrie, Robert G. Dvorak, Alan E. Watson Nov 2009

Threats And Changes Affecting Human Relationships With Wilderness: Implications For Management, William T. Borrie, Robert G. Dvorak, Alan E. Watson

Society and Conservation Faculty Publications

For wilderness managers, the ability to recognize threats and changing conditions is vital. While these threats are typically associated with resource and social conditions, they can also be investigated relative to wilderness relationships. This paper explores how threats and changes may be affecting human relationships with wilderness and the possible implications for management. Previously, threats have been conceptualized as affecting ecosystem integrity or stakeholder values. This paper suggests these conceptualizations should be expanded to also consider the meanings and relationships attributed to wilderness. From such a lens, threats such as global climate change, wildland fire, and invasive species can dramatically …

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Orchid Fragrance Complexity As A Mechanism For Euglossine Bee Pollinator Specialization, November 2009, Luci Moore Nov 2009

Orchid Fragrance Complexity As A Mechanism For Euglossine Bee Pollinator Specialization, November 2009, Luci Moore

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Neotropical orchids of subtribes Stanhopeinae and Catasetinae are exclusively pollinated by euglossine bees (Euglossini). This study determines whether orchids present specific combinations and proportions of chemical odors in order to attract a limited subset of euglossine bee species, thereby avoiding hybridization that may result from the attraction of too many pollinators. Chemical baits of cineole, benzyl acetate, methyl salicylate, cineole/benzyl acetate (a Stanhopea tricornis fragrance analogue), and cineole/methyl salicylate/methyl benzoate (a Catasetum gnomus fragrance analogue) were used to attract fifteen species of euglossine bees in the San Luis Valley, Monteverde, Costa Rica. The diversity of bee species attracted to the …

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Sucrose Concentration Preference In Nectarivorous Bats, November 2009, Kyle Bevers Nov 2009

Sucrose Concentration Preference In Nectarivorous Bats, November 2009, Kyle Bevers

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Nectarivorous bats perform vital pollination services for many tropical plant species. While nectarivorous bats have been shown to prefer higher percentages of sucrose in past studies, bat pollinated flowers usually offer a lower sugar concentration in the nectar, equal to 18 percent sucrose on average, thus forcing bats to visit more flowers. Visiting flowers increases outcrossing, pollination, and subsequently, plant fitness. This study attempts to see where bat’s preferences, if any, exist for sucrose within the natural range of bat pollinated flowers. For nine nights, bats were observed at Selvatura Park in Monteverde, Costa Rica, where they forage at hummingbird …

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The Effects Of Habitat Heterogeneity In The Parasocial Orb-Weaver Metabus Gravidus (Araneae: Araneidae), November 2009, Sara Wilbur Nov 2009

The Effects Of Habitat Heterogeneity In The Parasocial Orb-Weaver Metabus Gravidus (Araneae: Araneidae), November 2009, Sara Wilbur

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Metabus gravidus (Araneae: Araneidae) is a colonial, orb-weaving spider, conspicuous along streams and rivers in Central America. These spiders construct individual webs along anchor lines spanning small waterways, placing foraging spiders in areas of high insect traffic. Riparian habitats are characterized by heterogeneity of physical factors, such as rainfall, temperature, and cloud cover. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of habitat heterogeneity on daily M. gravidus presence. M. gravidus individuals in webs were counted daily in nineteen colonies along La Quebrada Máquina in Monteverde, Puntarenas province, Costa Rica. Abiotic conditions, such as previous 24-hour rainfall, temperature, …

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Incidence Of Pigment Change In Werauhia (Bromeliaceae) Uncorrelated With Canopy Cover Level, November 2009, Rachelle Sloss Nov 2009

Incidence Of Pigment Change In Werauhia (Bromeliaceae) Uncorrelated With Canopy Cover Level, November 2009, Rachelle Sloss

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

The study of plant adaptation to changing habitat is particularly important in the face of continuing habitat destruction in the tropics. Habitat fragmentation will likely increase light intensity for tropical flora in these areas. Plants often respond to such changes by increasing concentrations of secondary pigment, like anthocyanins and carotenoids, as a photoprotective mechanism. Plants may also increase the ratio of chlorophyll a:b in high light because they have less need for shade-adapted accessory pigments like chlorophyll b. However, in the Werauhia bromeliads studied, average anthocyanin and carotenoid concentrations decreased while chlorophyll a:b ratio increased. The decrease in anthocyanins and …

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Leaf Choice In Dryas Iulia (Nymphalidae Heliconiinae) Cyanide Content And Toughness, November 2009, Ashley Arthur Nov 2009

Leaf Choice In Dryas Iulia (Nymphalidae Heliconiinae) Cyanide Content And Toughness, November 2009, Ashley Arthur

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Vines in the Passifloraceae synthesize cyanogenic glycosides that deter general herbivores, but Heliconiinae butterfly larvae such as Dryas iulia have overcome this and utilize Passiflora leaves as larval food. Ovipositing adult females and larvae may access the suitability of leaves caused by various plant defenses such as cyanide content and leaf toughness. D. iulia adult females show no preference in cyanide content (9.01μg ± 28.3, 5.77μg ± 12.6) or toughness (238.67g ± 78.4, 266.58g ± 123.1) for ovipostion, yet larvae prefer leaves with a significantly lower cyanide content (9.01μg ± 28.3, 0.47μg ± 0.51) then the average available leaf but …

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Effect Of Cecropia Polyphlebia, Cecropia Obtusifolia, And Bidens Pilosa On Human Lung Capacity, November 2009, Michelle Gin Nov 2009

Effect Of Cecropia Polyphlebia, Cecropia Obtusifolia, And Bidens Pilosa On Human Lung Capacity, November 2009, Michelle Gin

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Traditional medicine is used by 80% of the world population as their primary care. Monteverde, Costa Rica houses a rich flora including Cecropia polyphlebia (Cecropiaceae), Cecropia obtusifolia (Cecropiaceae), and Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) that have been identified as medicinal plants to reduce the symptoms of asthma and other respiratory ailments. Fifty-eight human subjects were divided into four groups of tea treatments, including Chamomile Chamaemelum nobile (Asteraceae) as a control. Lung capacity was measured using the amount of air blown into a balloon in a single breath. Initial (pre-treatment) as well as the immediate and long-term effects of plant extracts on lung …

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Duet Response Songs And Territorial Defense In The Gray-Breasted Wood Wren (Henicorhina Leucostica Troglodytidae), November 2009, Ali Corley Nov 2009

Duet Response Songs And Territorial Defense In The Gray-Breasted Wood Wren (Henicorhina Leucostica Troglodytidae), November 2009, Ali Corley

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Bird song serves a wide variety of functions. Avian duetting is one form of bird song that is especially common in the tropics but whose function is still not well understood. The Joint Territorial Defense and Acoustic Mate Guarding hypotheses explain duetting as either a cooperative form of song, in which a pair is working together to accomplish a common goal, or conflicting form of song, in which each bird in a pair is singing for individual motives. Under Joint Territorial Defense theory, pairs sing duets to better defend their territories. The Acoustic Mate Guarding theory predicts that pairs sing …

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Homegardens Of Monteverde: Exploring Changes In Home Crop Cultivation, November 2009, Abigail Smith Nov 2009

Homegardens Of Monteverde: Exploring Changes In Home Crop Cultivation, November 2009, Abigail Smith

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Homegardens are model forms of sustainable land use in tropical agroforestry systems. Known as an assembly of varied crops and animals, these small homestead farms provide a cheap, nutritional source of food to the family while maintaining the biodiversity and productivity of the surrounding ecosystem. With the introduction of ecotourism into the Monteverde area, an economy traditionally based on agriculture shifted towards tourism services, thus changing the underlying dynamics of the community. Thirty families of the Monteverde area were interviewed and provided information relating to homegarden contents, family history, and lifestyle choices. This study shows that homegardens have declined significantly …

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Understanding The Effects Of Secondary Succession On Soil Nutrient Concentration And Soil Macro-Invertebrates, November 2009, Rebecca Goldstein Nov 2009

Understanding The Effects Of Secondary Succession On Soil Nutrient Concentration And Soil Macro-Invertebrates, November 2009, Rebecca Goldstein

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

When agricultural land is abandoned, secondary succession is known to occur within the plant community, but little is known about the effects of regeneration on the soil. Since plant richness and productivity is tightly correlated with nutrient availability, I investigated the effect of time after regeneration on nutrient levels and macro-invertebrate richness. I sampled six sites ranging in age of regeneration (0 years, 7 years, 11 years, 19 years, 45 years, and primary) measured at the concentration (lb/acre) of potassium, phosphorous, iron, and nitrate nitrogen and counted the morpho-species richness. Potassium and phosphorous concentrations were significantly correlated with age of …

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The Applicability Of The River Continuum Concept To The Upper Reaches Of A Neotropical Lower Montane Stream, November 2009, Nicholas Skaff Nov 2009

The Applicability Of The River Continuum Concept To The Upper Reaches Of A Neotropical Lower Montane Stream, November 2009, Nicholas Skaff

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

The applicability of the River Continuum Concept (RCC) to the upper reaches of Quebrada Máquina, a lower montane stream in Monteverde, Costa Rica, was examined. Macroinvertebrate samples were taken from ten points along the stream from first through fourth order segments. The families of the collected individuals were then categorized based on functional feeding group. The similarity between the families found at each collection point was calculated, along with correlations between the functional groups and various stream characteristics. In most cases, RCC predictions did not apply to Quebrada Máquina. The first (first order) and last (fourth order) sample points were …

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A Look Back And A Look Forward: Legislative And Regulatory Highlights For 2008 And 2009 And A Discussion Of Juvenile Transfer, Andrew K. Block Nov 2009

A Look Back And A Look Forward: Legislative And Regulatory Highlights For 2008 And 2009 And A Discussion Of Juvenile Transfer, Andrew K. Block

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Materials Research & Manufacturing Section Welcomes Its New Members Nov 2009

Materials Research & Manufacturing Section Welcomes Its New Members

Sci-Tech News

No abstract provided.

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Full Issue: Vol. 63, Issue 4 Nov 2009

Full Issue: Vol. 63, Issue 4

Sci-Tech News

No abstract provided.

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Full Page Ads, Editor Nov 2009

Full Page Ads, Editor

Against the Grain

No abstract provided.

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Atg Interviews David R. Lide, Svetla Baykoucheva Nov 2009

Atg Interviews David R. Lide, Svetla Baykoucheva

Against the Grain

No abstract provided.

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From The University Presses -- Open Access And The Future Of Scholarly Communication, Sanford G. Thatcher Nov 2009

From The University Presses -- Open Access And The Future Of Scholarly Communication, Sanford G. Thatcher

Against the Grain

No abstract provided.

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And They Were There -- Reports Of Meetings -- 28th Annual Charleston Conference, Issues In Book And Serial Acquisition, "The Best Of Time.. The Worst Of Times," Francis Marion Hotel, Embassy Suites Historic District, And College Of Charleston (Addlestone Libary), Charleston, Sc, November 5-8, 2008, Ramune K. Kubilius Nov 2009

And They Were There -- Reports Of Meetings -- 28th Annual Charleston Conference, Issues In Book And Serial Acquisition, "The Best Of Time.. The Worst Of Times," Francis Marion Hotel, Embassy Suites Historic District, And College Of Charleston (Addlestone Libary), Charleston, Sc, November 5-8, 2008, Ramune K. Kubilius

Against the Grain

No abstract provided.

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Imhbco (In My Humble But Correct Opinion) -- The Journal Issue And The Record Album: Two Fundamentally Irrational Information Products, Rick Anderson Nov 2009

Imhbco (In My Humble But Correct Opinion) -- The Journal Issue And The Record Album: Two Fundamentally Irrational Information Products, Rick Anderson

Against the Grain

No abstract provided.

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Bile Acid Transport Correlative Protein Mrna Expression Profile In Human Placenta With Intrahepatic Cholestasis Of Pregnancy, Tao Cui, Yufang Liu, Xiaoliang Men, Zhou Xu, Lin Wu, Shuyun Liu, Aiyun Xing Nov 2009

Bile Acid Transport Correlative Protein Mrna Expression Profile In Human Placenta With Intrahepatic Cholestasis Of Pregnancy, Tao Cui, Yufang Liu, Xiaoliang Men, Zhou Xu, Lin Wu, Shuyun Liu, Aiyun Xing

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression of bile acid transport correlative proteins in the placenta of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). METHODS: This case-control study was performed in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China from March 2007 to October 2008. Real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was applied for the mRNA expression measurement of 8 bile acid transport correlative proteins, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1A2, OATP1B1, multidrug resistance protein (MRP)1, MRP2, anion exchanger (AE)2, bile salt export pump (BSEP), multidrug resistance 3, and familial intrahepatic cholestasis (FIC)1, in …

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Effects Of Age And Gender On The Likelihood Of Hip Fracture In The Elderly Population In Shanghai, China, Yongqiang Hao, Guangliang Hao, Shijing Qiu, Bingshun Wang Nov 2009

Effects Of Age And Gender On The Likelihood Of Hip Fracture In The Elderly Population In Shanghai, China, Yongqiang Hao, Guangliang Hao, Shijing Qiu, Bingshun Wang

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

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The New Invention Creation Activity Boundary In Patent Law, Margo A. Bagley Nov 2009

The New Invention Creation Activity Boundary In Patent Law, Margo A. Bagley

William & Mary Law Review

This Essay identifies a new boundary in patent law-illegal or immoral invention creation activity-and explores the possible challenges and opportunities it may facilitate. The boundary currently is neither robust nor extensive, and whether and under what circumstances it should exist at all is open to debate.

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