Digital Commons Network^™

Incorporating Explicit Ethical Reasoning Into Pandemic Influenza Policies, Benjamin E. Berkman

Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy (1985-2015)

No abstract provided.

Basal Autophagy Induction Without Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Under Low Glucose Conditions, Tyisha Williams, L. J. Forsberg, B. Viollet, J. E. Brenman

Biology Faculty Research

When ATP levels in a cell decrease, various homeostatic intracellular mechanisms initiate attempts to restore ATP levels. As a prominent energy sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) represents one molecular gauge that links energy levels to regulation of anabolic and catabolic processes to restore energy balance. Although pharmacological studies have suggested that an AMPK activator, AIC AR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) may link AMPK activation to autophagy, a process that can provide short-term energy within the cell, AICAR can have AMPK-independent effects. Therefore, using a genetic-based approach we investigated the role of AMPK in cellular energy balance. We demonstrate that genetically altered cells, …

Antimalarial Activity Of A Cis-Terpenone, Dc Ghislaine Mayer, Maimuna Bruce, Olga Kochurova, Jennifer K. Stewart, Qibing Zhou

Biology Publications

Background

Malaria is the third most prevalent cause of infectious disease in the world. Resistance of the parasite to classical drugs makes the discovery of new and effective drugs more urgent. The oxidized derivative of hydroxy-cis terpenone (OHCT) is a synthetic molecule that is not toxic to cultured human liver cells at concentrations as high as 60 μM and inhibits activity of cytochrome P450s that metabolize many drugs.

Methods

OHCT activity against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, and aP. falciparum clone that is partially resistant to artemisinin was assayed in vitro.

Results

OHCT at nanomolar …

Virus-Encoded Homologs Of Cellular Interleukin-10 And Their Control Of Host Immune Function, Barry Slobedman, Peter A. Barry, Juliet V. Spencer, Selmir Avdic, Allison Abendroth

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Yersinia Pestis Can Reside In Autophagosomes And Avoid Xenophagy In Murine Macrophages By Preventing Vacuole Acidification, Celine Pujol, Kathryn A. Klein, Galina A. Romanov, Lance E. Palmer, Carol Cirota, Zijiang Zhao, James B. Bliska

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

The Coxiella Burnetii Ankyrin Repeat Domain-Containing Protein Family Is Heterogeneous, With C-Terminal Truncations That Influence Dot/Icm-Mediated Secretion, Daniel E. Voth, Dale Howe, Paul A. Beare, Joseph P. Vogel, Nathan Unsworth, James E. Samuel, Robert A. Heinzen

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Dendritic Cells Require A Systemic Type I Interferon Response To Mature And Induce Cd4+ Th1 Immunity With Poly Ic As Adjuvant, M Paula Longhi, Christine Trumpfheller, Juliana Idoyaga, Marina Caskey, Ines Matos, Courtney Kluger, Andres M. Salazar, Marco Colonna, Ralph M. Steinman

Open Access Publications

Relative to several other toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, we found polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly IC) to be the most effective adjuvant for Th1 CD4(+) T cell responses to a dendritic cell (DC)-targeted HIV gag protein vaccine in mice. To identify mechanisms for adjuvant action in the intact animal and the polyclonal T cell repertoire, we found poly IC to be the most effective inducer of type I interferon (IFN), which was produced by DEC-205(+) DCs, monocytes, and stromal cells. Antibody blocking or deletion of type I IFN receptor showed that IFN was essential for DC maturation and development of CD4(+) immunity. …

Hiv Care Providers’ Role Legitimacy As Supporters Of Their Patients’ Alcohol Reduction, Nelson J. Tiburcio, Stephen A. Maisto, Shiela M. Strauss, Corrine Munoz-Plaza, Joseph Conigliaro, Marya Gwadz, Joseph Lunievics, Robert Norman

Psychology - All Scholarship

Although HIV care providers are strategically situated to support their patients’ alcohol reduction efforts, many do not do so, sometimes failing to view this support as consistent with their roles. Using data collected from 112 HIV providers in 7 hospital-based HIV Care Centers in the NYC metropolitan area, this paper examines the correlates of providers’ role legitimacy as patients’ alcohol reduction supporters. Results indicate that providers (1) responsible for a very large number of patients and (2) with limited confidence in their own ability to give this assistance, but high confidence intheir program’s ability to do so, were less likely …

Cloning, Characterization And Expression Analysis Of Porcine Micrornas, Alavala Matta Reddy, Yun Zheng, Guru Jagadeeswaran, Simone L. Macmil, Wiley B. Graham, Bruce A. Roe, Udaya Desilva, Weixiong Zhang, Ramanjulu Sunkar

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Klassevirus 1, A Previously Undescribed Member Of The Family Picornaviridae, Is Globally Widespread, Lori R. Holtz, Stacy R. Finkbeiner, Guoyan Zhao, Carl D. Kirkwood, Rosina Girones, James M. Pipas, David Wang

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Pfeik1, A Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2Α Kinase Of The Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum, Regulates Stress-Response To Amino-Acid Starvation, Clare Fennell, Shalon Babbitt, Ilaria Russo, Jonathan Wilkes, Lisa Ranford-Cartwright, Daniel E. Goldberg, Christian Doerig

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Human Stool Contains A Previously Unrecognized Diversity Of Novel Astroviruses, Stacy R. Finkbeiner, Lori R. Holtz, Yanfang Jiang, Priya Rajendran, Carl J. Franz, Guoyan Zhao, Gagandeep Kang, David Wang

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Tregs Control The Development Of Symptomatic West Nile Virus Infection In Humans And Mice, Katie M. O'Brien, Whitney E. Purtha, Michael S. Diamond, Marion C. Lanteri, Mark J. Cameron, Jennifer M. Lund, Rachel E. Owen, John W. Heitman, Brian Custer, Dale F. Hirschkorn, Leslie H. Tobler, Nancy Kiely, Harry E. Prince, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Douglas F. Nixon, Et. Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Quantitative Metabolomics Reveals An Epigenetic Blueprint For Iron Acquisition In Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli, Jeffrey P. Henderson, Jan R. Crowley, Jerome S. Pinker, Jennifer N. Walker, Pablo Tsukayama, Walter E. Stamm, Thomas M. Hooton, Scott J. Hultgren

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

A Therapeutic Antibody Against West Nile Virus Neutralizes Infection By Blocking Fusion Within Endosomes, Bruce S. Thompson, Bastiaan Moesker, Jolanda M. Smit, Jan Wilschut, Michael S. Diamond, Daved H. Fremont

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Modeling The Quantitative Specificity Of Dna-Binding Proteins From Example Binding Sites, Dana S. F. Homsi, Vineet Gupta, Gary D. Stormo

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Washington University School Of Medicine Bulletin, 2009

Washington University School of Medicine Bulletins

No abstract provided.

The Bacillus Anthracis Protein Mprf Is Required For Synthesis Of Lysylphosphatidylglycerols And For Resistance To Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides, Shalaka Samant, Fong-Fu Hsu, Alexander A. Neyfakh, Hyunwoo Lee

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Antimicrobial Therapy For Acute Colonic Diverticulitis, Matthew C. Byrnes, John E. Mazuski

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Klassevirus 1, A Previously Undescribed Member Of The Family Picornaviridae, Is Globally Widespread, Lori R. Holtz, Stacy R. Finkbeiner, Guoyan Zhao, Carl D. Kirkwood, Rosina Girones, James M. Pipas, David Wang

ICTS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Mutants Of Taq Dna Polymerase Resistant To Pcr Inhibitors Allow Dna Amplification From Whole Blood, Milko B. Kermekchiev, Lyubka I. Kirilova, Erika E. Vail, Wayne M. Barnes

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Cuscuta Jepsonii (Convolvulaceae): An Invasive Weed Or An Extinct Endemic?, Mihai Costea, Saša Stefanović

Biology Faculty Publications

Despite their ecological significance, parasitic plants face more conservation challenges than do autotrophic plants. This is especially true for the groups that include weedy or invasive species such as Cuscuta. While approximately half of the Cuscuta (dodders) species may require conservation measures, the genus as a whole is sometimes posted on governmental lists of noxious or quarantine weeds. Our study challenges this stereotype and uses the case of C. jepsonii (Jepson’s dodder) to illustrate the precarious biodiversity and conservation status faced by many dodder species. Until now, Jepson’s dodder has been known only from its type collection. Consequently, its …

Diseases Endemic In Developing Countries: How To Incentive Innovation, Ann Weilbaecher

Annals of Health Law and Life Sciences

This comment addresses the inadequacies of research and development for diseases endemic in developing countries and explores how the patent system can inhibit innovation for new drugs for neglected diseases. The author analyzes four strategies to encourage innovation, including open source initiatives, patent pools, prizes, and wild card patent extensions, and examines how these alternative systems may spur innovation while balancing cost concerns held by drug manufacturers and purchasers. The author concludes that a combination of solutions may provide the best framework for the creation of essential medicines for neglected diseases.

From Working Arm To Wetback: The Mexican Worker And American National Identity, 1942-1964, Mark Brinkman

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

This thesis explores America’s treatment of the Mexican worker in the United States between 1942 and 1964, the years in which an international guest worker agreement between the United States and Mexico informally known as the Bracero Program was in place, and one in which heightened fears of illegal immigration resulted in Operation Wetback, one of the largest deportation programs in U.S. history. The Mexican worker’s experience during the bracero era brings to light core traits of American national identity, such as xenophobia and ethnocentrism, that today obstruct the United States’ ability to resolve its currently conflicted relationship with the …

Annual Report, 2008-2009, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries

University Libraries Annual Report

No abstract provided.

An Hsus Report: The Impact Of Industrialized Animal Agriculture On World Hunger, The Humane Society Of The United States

Impact of Animal Agriculture

Of the world’s nearly 6.8 billion humans, almost 1 billion people are malnourished. Feeding half the world’s grain crop to animals raised for meat, eggs, and milk instead of directly to humans is a significant waste of natural resources, including fossil fuels, water, and land. Raising animals for food is also a major contributor to global warming, which is expected to further worsen food security globally. To meet the daily nutritional needs of a rapidly expanding population, the world’s human community, particularly in Western countries, must reduce its reliance on animal products and shift to a more plant-based diet.

The Minimization Of Research Animal Distress And Pain: Conclusions And Recommendations, Kathleen Conlee, Martin Stephens, Andrew N. Rowan

Laboratory Experiments Collection

While the attention given to preventing, assessing, and alleviating pain in research animals has increased noticeably in recent decades, much remains to be done both in terms of implementing best practices and conducting studies to answer outstanding questions. In contrast, the attention to distress (particularly non-pain induced distress) has shown no comparable increase. There are many reasons for this discrepancy, including the conceptual untidiness of the distress concept, the paucity of pharmacological treatments for distress, and perceived lack of regulatory emphasis on distress. These are challenges that need to be addressed and overcome. This book is intended to help meet …

Addressing Distress And Pain In Animal Research: The Veterinary, Research, Societal, Regulatory And Ethical Contexts For Moving Forward, Kathleen Conlee, Martin Stephens, Andrew N. Rowan

Experimentation Collection

While most people recognize that biomedical scientists are searching for knowledge that will improve the health of humans and animals, the image of someone deliberately causing harm to an animal in order to produce data that may lead to some future benefit has always prompted an uncomfortable reaction outside the laboratory. However, proponents of animal research have usually justified the practice by reference to greater benefits (new knowledge and medical treatments) over lesser costs (in animal suffering and death). Given that one of the costs of animal research is the suffering experienced by the animals, the goal of eliminating distress …

Measurement And Mitigation Of Laboratory Animal Distress Sources Of Distress In The Animal Laboratory, Larry Carbone

Laboratory Experiments Collection

Pain and distress differ, but overlap. For the purposes of this discussion, we will consider pain to involve nociceptive input of stimuli that are potentially tissue damaging, and that further include an unpleasant emotional component (Merskey and Bogduk 1994). Pain need not necessarily induce distress, as when an animal or human willingly undergoes some painful situation in order to achieve a desired reward. In that case, while the pain may be unpleasant, it is not so severe as to be intolerable. Likewise, there are many potential causes of distress that do not involve physical pain.

Resolving Animal Distress And Pain: Principles And Examples Of Good Practice In Various Fields Of Research, Alicia Karas, Matthew C. Leach, Karl A. Andrutis, Kathleen Conlee, John P. Gluck, Andrew N. Rowan, Martin L. Stephens

Laboratory Experiments Collection

Pain and distress are central topics in legislation, regulations, and standards regarding the use of animals in research. However, in practice, pain has received greatly increased attention in recent years, while attention to distress has lagged far behind, especially for distress that is not induced by pain. A contributing factor is that there is less information readily available on distress, including practical information on its recognition, assessment and alleviation.

This chapter attempts to help fill that void by reversing the usual pattern and giving greater attention to distress than to pain. In addition, we also bypass the pain versus distress …