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2009

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Information In Isolation: Gossip And Rumor During The Uk 2001 Foot And Mouth Crisis – Lessons Learned, Christine Hagar Jan 2009

Information In Isolation: Gossip And Rumor During The Uk 2001 Foot And Mouth Crisis – Lessons Learned, Christine Hagar

Faculty Publications

The 2001 foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak con stituted the biggest crisis ever to affect the UK farming system; it was one of the worst epidemics of its kind in the world. Farmers and rural communities were disrupted and traumatized as FMD spread rapidly through the whole of the country. The crisis unfolded as a series of information and communication problems, primarily from government to farmers, with consequences for action in a time of crisis. Farmers needed information at the different stages of the crisis to inform them about the various processes and procedures that had to be carried …

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Inquiro 3 (End Matter), Inquiro Staff Jan 2009

Inquiro 3 (End Matter), Inquiro Staff

Inquiro (undergraduate research journal)

pp. 98-102

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Uab's 2009 Goldwater Representatives, Shweta Patel Jan 2009

Uab's 2009 Goldwater Representatives, Shweta Patel

Inquiro (undergraduate research journal)

p. 97

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The Occurrence Of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis In Salamander Populations Of West Virginia, Casey John Bartkus Jan 2009

The Occurrence Of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis In Salamander Populations Of West Virginia, Casey John Bartkus

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), otherwise known as the amphibian chytrid fungus, is a pathogen that causes the amphibian disease, chytridiomycosis. While Bd has been found in amphibian populations in other states across the country, little is known of its occurrence in West Virginia. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is highly associated with amphibians in montane habitats. Because West Virginia has the highest mean elevation of any state east of the Mississippi River, amphibians in the state may be at high risk of an outbreak. The goal of this study was to determine the status of Bd in salamander species of concern in West Virginia. …

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Antibacterial Activities Of Extracts From Some Turkish Endemic Plants On Common Fish Pathogens, Hakan Türker, Arzu Bi̇ri̇nci̇ Yildirim, Fatma Pehli̇van Karakaş, Hi̇lal Köylüoğlu Jan 2009

Antibacterial Activities Of Extracts From Some Turkish Endemic Plants On Common Fish Pathogens, Hakan Türker, Arzu Bi̇ri̇nci̇ Yildirim, Fatma Pehli̇van Karakaş, Hi̇lal Köylüoğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

Antibacterial activities of 24 alcoholic and aqueous extracts from 8 endemic Turkish plants (Crocus abantensis, Crocus ancyrensis, Galanthus plicatus subsp. byzantinus, Paronychia chionaea, Astragalus gymnolobus, Trifolium pannonicum subsp.elongatum, Eryngium bithynicum, and Convolvulus galaticus) of 7 different families were screened. Antibacterial activity was carried out with 5 different fish pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia ruckeri, Streptococcus agalactia, Lactococcus garvieae, and Enterococcus faecalis). Crude extracts of endemic plant extracts were applied against the bacteria using the disc diffusion method under in vitro conditions. A. hydrophila was the only inhibited bacteria from all alcoholic and aqueous extracts of C. ancyrensis, G. plicatus, T. pannonicum, …

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An Ethnobotanical Field Survey In The Haymana District Of Ankara Province In Turkey, Fulya Sarper, Gali̇p Akaydin, Işil Şi̇mşek, Erdem Yeşi̇lada Jan 2009

An Ethnobotanical Field Survey In The Haymana District Of Ankara Province In Turkey, Fulya Sarper, Gali̇p Akaydin, Işil Şi̇mşek, Erdem Yeşi̇lada

Turkish Journal of Biology

Dietary, therapeutical, and other ethnobotanical utilizations of the wild plants grown in Haymana district of Ankara were investigated. Information was collected by face-to-face interviews with 160 individuals in 9 selected sites. The demographic characteristics of the informants were evaluated and cross-relationships with the recorded data were also analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results of the study show that 83.8% of the informants recognize the utilization of wild plants either as foodstuff or as remedy, while only 16.2% was unaware of that. Both the knowledge and the utilization of plants significantly increased with the increasing age of the informants. However, there …

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In Vitro Screening Of The Antibacterial Activity And Identification Of Bioactive Compounds From Plants Against Selected Vibrio Spp. Pathogens, Anjana Sharma, Virendra Kumar Patel Jan 2009

In Vitro Screening Of The Antibacterial Activity And Identification Of Bioactive Compounds From Plants Against Selected Vibrio Spp. Pathogens, Anjana Sharma, Virendra Kumar Patel

Turkish Journal of Biology

In vitro investigation of the vibriocidal activity of acetone extracts of Saraca indica Linn (Caesalpinaceae) and Datura stramonium Linn (Solanaceae), and aqueous extracts of Allium sativum Linn (Liliaceae) showed that they have antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant human pathogens. Disc diffusion assay showed that there was significant concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against standard strains of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and 12 multidrug-resistant isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1. The crude plant extracts had zones of inhibition in the range of 7-27 mm against 1 or more test bacteria, with MIC ranging from 2.5 to 15 mg/ml. Acetone extracts of S. indica and D. …

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Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activity Of Diospyros Ebenum Roxb. Leaf Extracts, Yogesh Baravalia, Mital Kaneria, Yogeshkumar Vaghasiya, Jigna Parekh, Sumitra Chanda Jan 2009

Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activity Of Diospyros Ebenum Roxb. Leaf Extracts, Yogesh Baravalia, Mital Kaneria, Yogeshkumar Vaghasiya, Jigna Parekh, Sumitra Chanda

Turkish Journal of Biology

The therapeutic properties of plants, including antioxidant and antibacterial activity, have been investigated. In the present study the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Diospyros ebenum Roxb. were evaluated for DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity and antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity was determined against Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29737, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC23564, and Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048 using the agar well diffusion method. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of these extracts was determined as the gallic acid and quercetin equivalent, respectively. Results show that the methanol extract was active against all 5 bacterial …

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Pulmonary Aspergillosis And Amyloid Accumulation In An Ostrich (Struthio Camelus), Ahmet Akkoç, Rahşan Yilmaz, İ. Taci̇ Cangül, M. Özgür Özyi̇ği̇t Jan 2009

Pulmonary Aspergillosis And Amyloid Accumulation In An Ostrich (Struthio Camelus), Ahmet Akkoç, Rahşan Yilmaz, İ. Taci̇ Cangül, M. Özgür Özyi̇ği̇t

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Fatal pulmonary aspergillosis and AA type amyloid accumulations in the liver and spleen are described in a female ostrich (Struthio camelus). The animal had had respiratory problems and long-term inappetence over an 8-week period. Necropsy revealed that several soft, grayish to white nodules ranging from 1 to 3 mm in diameter were scattered throughout the lungs and thoracic air sacs. Prominent enlargement of the liver and spleen was observed. No gross lesions were found in the other organs studied. The microscopic examination showed severe, necrotizing, granulomatous pneumonia, and air sacculitis. Aspergillus fumigatus was recovered from the lungs and air sacs …

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Dairy Farming In Kars District, Turkey: Iii. Neonatal Calf Health, Hi̇dayet Meti̇n Erdoğan, Ahmet Ünver, Mehmet Çi̇ti̇l, Vehbi̇ Güneş, Mükremi̇n Özkan Arslan, Mehmet Tuzcu, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Gökce Jan 2009

Dairy Farming In Kars District, Turkey: Iii. Neonatal Calf Health, Hi̇dayet Meti̇n Erdoğan, Ahmet Ünver, Mehmet Çi̇ti̇l, Vehbi̇ Güneş, Mükremi̇n Özkan Arslan, Mehmet Tuzcu, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Gökce

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The study was designed to determine the health status of neonatal calves on dairy farms in Kars district. It involved retrospective questioning (2001 calving season) and prospective follow up (2002 calving season). The localities and farms were selected from a list using a 2-stage stratified random sampling method. Farms were weekly visited by authors during the 2002 calving season for clinical problems. A total of 624 calves, born on 45 farms from 7 different localities, were followed up in the 2002 calving season. On the same farms data were collected regarding 582 neonatal calves in the 2001 calving season by …

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Detection Of Bovine Tuberculosis By Tuberculin Test And Polymerase Chain Reaction In Van, Turkey, Hasan Solmaz, Zi̇ya İlhan, Abdulbaki̇ Aksakal, Ti̇mur Gülhan, İsmai̇l Hakki Eki̇n Jan 2009

Detection Of Bovine Tuberculosis By Tuberculin Test And Polymerase Chain Reaction In Van, Turkey, Hasan Solmaz, Zi̇ya İlhan, Abdulbaki̇ Aksakal, Ti̇mur Gülhan, İsmai̇l Hakki Eki̇n

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to identify the presence and prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in the eastern Anatolian border province of Van and its villages and to collect the preliminary data required for programs for the prevention and control of this zoonotic disease. The tuberculin test was performed on 210 cattle. Nasal swab and milk samples were obtained from the animals tested. Three cattle that had a positive tuberculin test also tested positive for the DNA target, a 580-bp fragment of IS6110 specific for members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. This fragment was also recovered from milk taken from …

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Description Of Dogs Naturally Infected With Hepatozoon Canis In The Aegean Region Of Turkey, Serdar Paşa, Funda Kiral, Tüli̇n Karagenç, Abi̇di̇n Atasoy, Kami̇l Seyrek Jan 2009

Description Of Dogs Naturally Infected With Hepatozoon Canis In The Aegean Region Of Turkey, Serdar Paşa, Funda Kiral, Tüli̇n Karagenç, Abi̇di̇n Atasoy, Kami̇l Seyrek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Clinical and laboratory findings recorded in 10 dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon canis in the Aegean region of Turkey were reported. The diagnosis was made by finding H. canis gamonts within leucocytes in Giemsa-stained blood smears. H. canis parasitaemia level was calculated manually by counting 500 neutrophils in blood smears. Parasitaemia varied from 1% to 23% of the circulating neutrophils. Anorexia, fever, depression, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy are the main clinical signs in infected dogs. All dogs had microcytic normochromic anaemia; however, 7 of the dogs had neutrophilia, 1 had lymphopenia, 2 had monocytosis, 1 had eosinophilia, and 9 had …

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Renal Handling Of Ciprofloxacin In Domestic Ruminant Species, Ijaz Javed, Zahid Iqbal, Zia-Ur Rahman, Muhammad Zargham Khan, Faqir Muhammad, Faqir H. Khan, Javed I. Sultan Jan 2009

Renal Handling Of Ciprofloxacin In Domestic Ruminant Species, Ijaz Javed, Zahid Iqbal, Zia-Ur Rahman, Muhammad Zargham Khan, Faqir Muhammad, Faqir H. Khan, Javed I. Sultan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Investigations regarding renal clearance and urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin were carried out in buffaloes, cows, sheep, and goats. The drug was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. The plasma and urine concentrations of the drug were determined with HPLC. Renal clearance of endogenous creatinine was used as an index of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In buffaloes, it was 0.72 ± 0.15 (mean ± SE), in cows 0.36 ± 0.09, in sheep 1.33 ± 0.35, and in goats 1.87 ± 0.38 mL/min/kg. The renal clearance of ciprofloxacin in buffaloes was 0.47 ± 0.08, in cows 0.29 ± …

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Evaluation Of The Knowledge Of Hospital Cleaning Staff About Prevention Of Nosocomial Infections, Tansu Yamazhan, Meltem Işikgöz Taşbakan, Şebnem Çalik, Hüsnü Pullukçu, Oğuz Reşat Si̇pahi̇, Sercan Ulusoy Jan 2009

Evaluation Of The Knowledge Of Hospital Cleaning Staff About Prevention Of Nosocomial Infections, Tansu Yamazhan, Meltem Işikgöz Taşbakan, Şebnem Çalik, Hüsnü Pullukçu, Oğuz Reşat Si̇pahi̇, Sercan Ulusoy

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aims: Detection of risk groups and infection sources and awareness of the routes of transmission of infections are important for prevention of hospital infections. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the knowledge level and the behavior models of hospital cleaning staff about nosocomial infections. Materials and Methods: A 21-item questionnaire about nosocomial infections was administered to the hospital cleaning staff. Results: Out of 290 hospital cleaning staff, 240 (82.7%, 122 male, 118 female, aged 36.2±8.7) were included in the study. When evaluated according to their educational status, 55.4% had graduated from primary school. Fifty-four percent of the staff had …

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Viral Etiology And Symptoms Of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections In Children, Emi̇n Ünüvar, İsmai̇l Yildiz, Ayşe Kiliç, Seyhan Selvi̇ Aslan, Bülent Çakal, Sadik Toprak, Seli̇m Badur, Fatma Oğuz, Müjgan Sidal Jan 2009

Viral Etiology And Symptoms Of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections In Children, Emi̇n Ünüvar, İsmai̇l Yildiz, Ayşe Kiliç, Seyhan Selvi̇ Aslan, Bülent Çakal, Sadik Toprak, Seli̇m Badur, Fatma Oğuz, Müjgan Sidal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aims: To determine viral causes of acute upper respiratory tract infections and clinical findings in children living in Istanbul, Turkey. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in 234 outpatient children (age range: 1-180 months) with acute upper respiratory tract infections, seen in the outpatient clinic at Istanbul Medical School Children´s Hospital. After clinical findings were recorded, nasal swab specimens were taken. In 201 specimens collected, influenza-A and -B, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza viruses were studied using direct fluorescence antibody, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and cell culture techniques. Results: Rate of virus isolation was 29.8% (60/201). …

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Screening For Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Using Direct Fluorescein Antibody Method In Female Sex Workers Registered In Ankara, Turkey: Pros And Cons, Pinar Zarakolu, Server Yağci, Banu Çakir, Serhat Ünal Jan 2009

Screening For Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Using Direct Fluorescein Antibody Method In Female Sex Workers Registered In Ankara, Turkey: Pros And Cons, Pinar Zarakolu, Server Yağci, Banu Çakir, Serhat Ünal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: This study aimed to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis infection by direct fluorescein antibody (DFA) method in a high-risk population, registered female sex workers (FSWs) in Ankara, Turkey, to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of using this method in a routine screening program of the FSW population. Materials and Methods: All registered FSWs (n = 152) in Ankara were enrolled in the study. None of them were showing any genital signs or symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Endocervical swabs were collected and examined for C. trachomatis by DFA method (Fluorotect Chlamydia, Omega Diagnostics, UK). Cellular adequacy of the specimens …

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Examining Antibiotic Use At An Education And Research Hospital In Turkey: Point Prevalence Results, Gül R. Yilmaz, Cemal Bulut, Fati̇h Yildiz, Selcan Arslan, M. Arzu Yetki̇n, Ali̇ Pekcan Demi̇röz Jan 2009

Examining Antibiotic Use At An Education And Research Hospital In Turkey: Point Prevalence Results, Gül R. Yilmaz, Cemal Bulut, Fati̇h Yildiz, Selcan Arslan, M. Arzu Yetki̇n, Ali̇ Pekcan Demi̇röz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aims: Antimicrobial drugs are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in hospitals. Inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to development of antimicrobial resistance. The aims of this study were to determine the rate of antibiotic usage in hospitalized patients, the reasons for antibiotic therapy, irrational uses, and the rates of irrational use in patients hospitalized in Ankara Education and Research Hospital. Materials and Methods: A point prevalence surveillance study was performed on 27 April 2006 at Ankara Education and Research Hospital. Data of all hospitalized patients were collected. Results: On the day of the study, 153 patients (36.2%) out of 422 …

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Necrosis In Human Cystic Echinococcosis: An Underrecognized Tissue Reaction Possibly Related To Host Response, Özlem Mi̇man, Meti̇n Atambay, Nasuhi̇ Engi̇n Aydin, Ni̇lgün Daldal Jan 2009

Necrosis In Human Cystic Echinococcosis: An Underrecognized Tissue Reaction Possibly Related To Host Response, Özlem Mi̇man, Meti̇n Atambay, Nasuhi̇ Engi̇n Aydin, Ni̇lgün Daldal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: As Echinococcosis stands out worldwide as an important zoonotic cestode infection caused by various Echinococcus species, histopathological features of the disease are worthy of in-depth study. Materials and Methods: Histopathological changes in adjacent parenchymal tissue in patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE) were evaluated. The study included 91 patients 4-80 years of age (mean age: 36.24 years). Results: The histopathological findings of 83 specimens were as follows: fibrosis: 77.11%; mono-nucleated cells: 71.08%; necrosis: 67.47%; eosinophils: 51.80%; giant cells: 31.33%; neutrophils: 8.43%. Fibrosis, eosinophils, neutrophils, and giant cell infiltration were observed significantly more often than mono-nucleated cell infiltration, germinal membranes, and …

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Epidemiology Of Human Rabies In Turkey: 1992-2007, Turan Buzgan, Hasan Irmak, Gül R. Yilmaz, Mehmet Ali̇ Torunoğlu, Ahmet Safran Jan 2009

Epidemiology Of Human Rabies In Turkey: 1992-2007, Turan Buzgan, Hasan Irmak, Gül R. Yilmaz, Mehmet Ali̇ Torunoğlu, Ahmet Safran

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Rabies continues to be a public health problem in Turkey; however, the number of reported cases has decreased in recent years and 1-2 cases of human rabies are reported annually to the Ministry of Health (MoH). Epidemiological and demographic features, clinical findings, and prophylaxis of human rabies reported to the MoH between 1992 and 2007 were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Rabies has been reported in Turkey since 1930. Data on human rabies have been available from the MoH since 1992. In this study, data on human rabies were analyzed retrospectively. The provinces, rabies risk exposure date, age, gender, type …

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Survival Of Certain Nosocomial Infectious Agents On The Surfaces Of Various Covering Materials, Hali̇l Yazgi, M. Hami̇dullah Uyanik, Mustafa Ertek, Ayşe Esi̇n Aktaş, Hakan İgan, Ahmet Ayyildiz Jan 2009

Survival Of Certain Nosocomial Infectious Agents On The Surfaces Of Various Covering Materials, Hali̇l Yazgi, M. Hami̇dullah Uyanik, Mustafa Ertek, Ayşe Esi̇n Aktaş, Hakan İgan, Ahmet Ayyildiz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the survival time of some nosocomial infectious agents on the surface of various covering materials. Materials and Methods: Four kinds of flooring materials (vinyl and ceramic tile as floor covering material; and laminate and inox sheet as bench covering material) were experimentally contaminated with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant (VR) Enterococcus faecalis, which were frequently encountered in nosocomial infections. The survival periods of representative agents on the tested flooring materials were detected by culturing from the surfaces. Results: It was found that the survival periods were shorter …

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Inducible Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B, And Clonal Diversity Patterns Of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Isolated In Hacettepe University Adult Hospital, Pinar Zarakolu, Gökhan Metan, Belgi̇n Altun, Gülşen Hasçeli̇k, Serhat Ünal Jan 2009

Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Inducible Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B, And Clonal Diversity Patterns Of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Isolated In Hacettepe University Adult Hospital, Pinar Zarakolu, Gökhan Metan, Belgi̇n Altun, Gülşen Hasçeli̇k, Serhat Ünal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Nosocomial infections due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are an important problem with limited therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to determine the vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, tigecycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and clindamycin susceptibility, inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLS_B) resistance, and clonal diversity patterns of 109 mecA positive Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with nosocomial infections in Hacettepe University Adult Hospital between 2002 and 2004. Materials and methods: The nosocomial isolates of S. aureus from various clinical samples (58 blood, 45 pus, 6 catheter) were identified by Sceptor (Becton Dickinson, USA) automated system. Polymerase chain …

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Prevalence Of Echinococcus Granulosus Detected Using Enzyme Immunoassay And Abdominal Ultrasonography In A Group Of Students Staying In A State Dormitory In Turkey, Bi̇lgi̇n Arda, Hüsnü Pullukçu, Tansu Yamazhan, Oğuz Reşat Si̇pahi̇, Sadik Tamsel, Gülgün Demi̇rpolat, Meti̇n Korkmaz Jan 2009

Prevalence Of Echinococcus Granulosus Detected Using Enzyme Immunoassay And Abdominal Ultrasonography In A Group Of Students Staying In A State Dormitory In Turkey, Bi̇lgi̇n Arda, Hüsnü Pullukçu, Tansu Yamazhan, Oğuz Reşat Si̇pahi̇, Sadik Tamsel, Gülgün Demi̇rpolat, Meti̇n Korkmaz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: In this study our aim was to analyse the seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis and prevalence of lesions (with abdominal ultrasonography) in a group of young adult university students staying in a state dormitory in Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. Materials and methods: The study group was consisted of 750 students (360 women, 390 men, mean age 20.92 ± 1.82 years, min 17, max 29). Informed written consent was obtained from each student and they were requested to fill a questionnaire form (sociocultural and economic condition, area of living, and demographic data). Blood sampling was performed by intravenous puncture and sera were …

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Anti-Hav Seroprevalence In Turkish Military Personnel And Its Relation With Demographic Properties, Hanefi̇ Cem Gül, İsmai̇l Yaşar Avci, Ömer Coşkun, Recai̇ Oğur, Yakup Hakan Başaran, Çakir Güney, Bülent A. Beşi̇rbelli̇oğlu, Cengi̇z Han Açikel, Can Polat Eyi̇gün, Alaaddi̇n Pahsa Jan 2009

Anti-Hav Seroprevalence In Turkish Military Personnel And Its Relation With Demographic Properties, Hanefi̇ Cem Gül, İsmai̇l Yaşar Avci, Ömer Coşkun, Recai̇ Oğur, Yakup Hakan Başaran, Çakir Güney, Bülent A. Beşi̇rbelli̇oğlu, Cengi̇z Han Açikel, Can Polat Eyi̇gün, Alaaddi̇n Pahsa

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Turkey is a middle endemic area in terms of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) infection. Previous studies in Turkey showed that most residents had been infected with HAV by the second decade of life. In this study we aimed to detect the anti-HAV seroprevalence rate in Turkish military personnel and its relation with demographic properties. Materials and methods: Randomly selected 1049 military personnel were enrolled in the study. All were male and their average age was 24.97 ± 6.48 (Range: 20-50) years. A questionnaire about their demographic properties was administered to and informed consent forms were obtained from each subject. …

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Animal Helminths In Human Archaeological Remains: A Review Of Zoonoses In The Past, Luciana Sianto, Marcia Chame, Cassius S. P. Silva, Marcelo L. C. Gonçalves, Karl Reinhard, Martín Horacio Fugassa, Adauto Araújo Jan 2009

Animal Helminths In Human Archaeological Remains: A Review Of Zoonoses In The Past, Luciana Sianto, Marcia Chame, Cassius S. P. Silva, Marcelo L. C. Gonçalves, Karl Reinhard, Martín Horacio Fugassa, Adauto Araújo

Karl Reinhard Publications

The authors present a review of records of intestinal parasitic helminths from animals in human archaeological remains, reported since the emergence of paleopathological studies. The objective was to relate paleoparasitological findings to geographic, biotic, and abiotic factors from the environment in which the prehistoric populations lived, and understand some aspects related to the process of human dispersion and biological and cultural evolution. Modification of eating habits and the incorporation of new cultural practices are analyzed from the perspective of zoonoses from prehistory to the present day, especially in Brazilian indigenous populations. Three tables identifying the helminths, their natural hosts, dates, …

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Spatial Ecology Of Raccoons Related To Cattle And Bovine Tuberculosis In Northeastern Michigan, Todd Atwood, Thomas Deliberto, Holly Smith, Justin Stevenson, Kurt C. Vercauteren Jan 2009

Spatial Ecology Of Raccoons Related To Cattle And Bovine Tuberculosis In Northeastern Michigan, Todd Atwood, Thomas Deliberto, Holly Smith, Justin Stevenson, Kurt C. Vercauteren

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

In 1995, Mycobacterium bovis, the causative bacterium of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), was detected in 5 beef cattle operations in Alcona County, Michigan, USA. In accordance with Federal law, the operations were depopulated to prevent the spread of bTB. Subsequent wildlife surveillance programs identified high prevalence of M. bovis in mesocarnivores, including raccoons ( Procyon lotor), which suggested that raccoons may be complicit in vectoring the pathogen among livestock operations. Our goal was to develop an empirical basis for generating hypotheses about the likelihood for raccoons to mediate the transmission of bTB to livestock. We found intersexual differences in …

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Disease, Predation And Demography: Assessing The Impacts Of Bovine Tuberculosis On African Buffalo By Monitoring At Individual And Population Levels, P. C. Cross, D. M. Heisey, J. A. Bowers, C. T. Hay, J. Wolhuter, P. Buss, M. Hofmey, A. L. Michel, R. G. Bengis, T. L. F. Bird, J. T. Du Toit, W. M. Getz Jan 2009

Disease, Predation And Demography: Assessing The Impacts Of Bovine Tuberculosis On African Buffalo By Monitoring At Individual And Population Levels, P. C. Cross, D. M. Heisey, J. A. Bowers, C. T. Hay, J. Wolhuter, P. Buss, M. Hofmey, A. L. Michel, R. G. Bengis, T. L. F. Bird, J. T. Du Toit, W. M. Getz

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

1. Understanding the effects of disease is critical to determining appropriate management responses, but estimating those effects in wildlife species is challenging. We used bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in the African buffalo Syncerus caffer population of Kruger National Park, South Africa, as a case study to highlight the issues associated with estimating chronic disease effects in a long-lived host.

2. We used known and radio-collared buffalo, aerial census data, and a natural gradient in pathogen prevalence to investigate if: (i) at the individual level, BTB infection reduces reproduction; (ii) BTB infection increases vulnerability to predation; and (iii) at the population level, …

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Humoral Immune Responses Of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) To Mycobacterium Bovis Bcg Vaccination And Experimental Challenge With M. Bovis, P. Nol, K. P. Lyashchenko, R. Greenwald, J. Esfandiari, W. R. Waters, M. V. Palmer, B. J. Nonnecke, T. J. Keefe, T. C. Thacker, J. C. Rhyan, F. E. Aldwell, M. D. Salman Jan 2009

Humoral Immune Responses Of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) To Mycobacterium Bovis Bcg Vaccination And Experimental Challenge With M. Bovis, P. Nol, K. P. Lyashchenko, R. Greenwald, J. Esfandiari, W. R. Waters, M. V. Palmer, B. J. Nonnecke, T. J. Keefe, T. C. Thacker, J. C. Rhyan, F. E. Aldwell, M. D. Salman

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Monitoring of the kinetics of production of serum antibodies to multiple mycobacterial antigens can be useful as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection as well as for the characterization of disease progression and the efficacy of intervention strategies in several species. The humoral immune responses to multiple M. bovis antigens by white-tailed deer vaccinated with BCG orally via a lipid-formulated bait (n = 5), orally in liquid form (n = 5), and subcutaneously (n = 6) were evaluated over time after vaccination and after experimental challenge with virulent M. bovis and were compared to the responses …

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Evaluation Of Blood Assays For Detection Of Mycobacterium Bovis In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) In Michigan, Daniel J. O’Brien, Stephen M. Schmitt, Konstantin P. Lyashchenko, W. Ray Waters, Dale E. Berry, Mitchell V. Palmer, Jim Mcnair, Rena Greenwald, Javan Esfandiari, Melinda K. Cosgrove Jan 2009

Evaluation Of Blood Assays For Detection Of Mycobacterium Bovis In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) In Michigan, Daniel J. O’Brien, Stephen M. Schmitt, Konstantin P. Lyashchenko, W. Ray Waters, Dale E. Berry, Mitchell V. Palmer, Jim Mcnair, Rena Greenwald, Javan Esfandiari, Melinda K. Cosgrove

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Surveillance and control activities related to bovine tuberculosis (TB) in free-ranging, Michigan white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been underway for over a decade, with significant progress. However, foci of higher TB prevalence on private lands and limited agency ability to eliminate them using broad control strategies have led to development and trial of new control strategies, such as live trapping, testing, and culling or release. Such strategies require a prompt, accurate live animal test, which has thus far been lacking. We report here the ability of seven candidate blood assays to determine the TB infection status of Michigan …

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Tuberculosis: A Re-Emerging Disease In Animals And Humans, Charles O. Thoen, Philip A. Lobue, Donald A. Enarson, John B. Kaneene, Isabel N. De Kantor Jan 2009

Tuberculosis: A Re-Emerging Disease In Animals And Humans, Charles O. Thoen, Philip A. Lobue, Donald A. Enarson, John B. Kaneene, Isabel N. De Kantor

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Tuberculosis continues to be an important disease both in humans and animals. It causes morbidity, mortality, and economic loss worldwide. The occurrence of Mycobacterium bovis disease in humans, domesticated and wild animals confirms the relevance of this zoonosis. M. bovis in humans continues to be reported in industrialized countries and in immigrants from regions of the world where tuberculosis in cattle is endemic. The real incidence of M. bovis in humans in developing countries continues to be roughly underestimated due to the scarcity of appropriate laboratory facilities to isolate and to differentiate M. bovis strains. In Latin America, less than …

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Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (Tbsv), A Versatile Platform For Polyvalent Display Of Antigenic Epitopes And Vaccine Design, Shantanu Kumar, Wendy Ochoa, Pratik Singh, Catherine Hsu, Anette Schneemann, Marianne Manchester, Mark Olson, Vijay Reddy Jan 2009

Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (Tbsv), A Versatile Platform For Polyvalent Display Of Antigenic Epitopes And Vaccine Design, Shantanu Kumar, Wendy Ochoa, Pratik Singh, Catherine Hsu, Anette Schneemann, Marianne Manchester, Mark Olson, Vijay Reddy

United States Army: Publications

Viruses-like particles (VLPs) are frequently being used as platforms for polyvalent display of foreign epitopes of interest on their capsid surface to improve their presentation enhancing the antigenicity and host immune response. In the present study, we used the VLPs of Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), an icosahedral plant virus, as a platform to display 180 copies of 16 amino acid epitopes of ricin toxin fused to the C-terminal end of a modified TBSV capsid protein (NΔ52). Expression of the chimeric recombinant protein in insect cells resulted in spontaneous assembly of VLPs displaying the ricin epitope. Cryo-electron microscopy and image …

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