Digital Commons Network^™

Stakeholder Inclusion And Shareholder Protection: New Governance And The Changing Landscape Of American Securities Regulation, Paul C. Kingsbery

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Allocation Of Educational Resources In Indiana School Districts And The Effect On 10Th Grade Istep+, Paul Kaiser

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The state of Indiana is currently requiring school systems to set financial goals to increase the amount of expenditures toward the classroom. On a national level, there is a push to reach the concept of the 65% solution and now specifically local representatives are discussing this concept. This concept expects school districts to spend 65% of their total general fund revenue on instruction. Currently the Indiana Office of Management and Budget must analyze and report to the State Board, the Governor, and the General Assembly concerning the progress each school corporation has made to improve the ratio of Student Instructional …

The Role Of Psychopathy And Social Interest In The Prediction Of Probation Outcome, Joshua L. White

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As a result of increasing reliance on probation and parole systems, researchers have begun to explore psychological constructs that may enhance the ability to predict community supervision outcomes. Previous research suggests that psychopathic traits are inversely related to successful outcomes, while social interest shows a positive relationship with successful outcomes (Daugherty, Murphy, & Paugh, 2001; Hart, Kropp, & Hare, 1988). Past research has largely been conducted with Caucasian male participants, creating a question of how well these findings generalize to other demographic groups. The current study aimed to replicate and expand the generalizability of findings from Springer (2005) who found …

Laryngeal Level Amplitude Modulation In Vibrato, Christopher Dromey, Lorie Reese, J. Arden Hopkin

Faculty Publications

Objectives: The goal of this investigation was to test a new methodology for measuring amplitude modulation (AM) at the level of the vocal folds during vibrato in trained singers, because previous research has suggested that AM arises in large part as an acoustic epiphenomenon through an interaction of the harmonics in the laryngeal source with the resonances of the vocal tract as the fundamental frequency oscillates.
Study Design: A within-subjects model was used to compare vocal activity across three pitch and three loudness conditions.
Methods: Seventeen female singers with a range of training and experience were recorded with a microphone …

Cultivating An Understanding Of U.S. Veterans: Our Honored Patients, Tausha Allen, Kent D. Blad, Jennifer Bloomfield, Rachel Dudley, Kelsie Egan, Ron S. Ulberg

Faculty Publications

As nursing students, we specifically chose to devote our time to learning how to better care for the veteran population. We worked with veterans as we traveled to Washington, D.C. and completed clinical experiences in Utah. These experiences greatly altered our perspective toward the armed forces and our appreciation for our nation’s freedom.

Neurophysiological Reflex Mechanisms’ Lack Of Contribution To The Success Of Pnf Stretches, J. Brent Feland, Sterling C. Hilton, J. Ty Hopkins, Iain Hunter, Ulrike H. Mitchell, J. William Myrer

Faculty Publications

Background and Purpose: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretches are widely used in athletics and rehabilitation. Although it has been shown that they produce better range-of-motion (ROM) increases than the slow or static stretch, the mechanisms responsible remain an enigma. This study was conducted to determine whether the previously proposed neurophysiological mechanisms of reciprocal inhibition and autogenic inhibition are responsible for the success of PNF stretches. In addition, the authors assessed the existence of the phenomenon of successive induction because it is used to strengthen reciprocal inhibition. Methods: Eighteen subjects 17–44 y performed the PNF stretches contract–relax (CR) and contract–relax, agonist …

Pumpkin Variety Performance With And Without Treatment For Powdery Mildew In Northern Indiana, 2008, Elizabeth T. Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

"Pumpkins for decorative use are grown on more than 4000 acres in Indiana. Combined acreage in Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and Ohio represents about a quarter of pumpkins grown for decorative use in the U.S. Successful pumpkin production requires the use of cultivars that yield well and produce pumpkins of the size, shape, color, and quality demanded by the market. Genetic resistance to the fungal disease powdery mildew is present in some varieties. This trial was designed to evaluate performance of pumpkin varieties in northern Indiana with and without treatment for powdery mildew. The trial included twelve jack-o-lantern size pumpkins, two …

Efficient Dehydrogenation Of Amines And Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed By A Tetranuclear Ruthenium-Μ-Oxo-Μ-Hydroxo-Hydride Complex, Chae S. Yi, Do W. Lee

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

The tetranuclear ruthenium-μ-oxo-μ-hydroxo-hydride complex {[(PCy₃)(CO)RuH]₄(μ₄-O)(μ₃-OH)(μ₂-OH)} (1) was found to be a highly effective catalyst for the transfer dehydrogenation of amines and carbonyl compounds. For example, the initial turnover rate of the dehydrogenation of 2-methylindoline was measured to be 1.9 s⁻¹ with a TON of 7950 after 1 h at 200 °C. The extensive H/D scrambling patterns observed from the dehydrogenation reaction of indoline-N-d₁ and indoline-α-d₂ suggest a monohydride mechanistic pathway with the C−H bond activation rate-limiting step.

Law And Learning In An Era Of Globalization, Harry W. Arthurs

Articles & Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

Keeping Ethical Investment Ethical: Regulatory Issues For Investing For Sustainability, Benjamin J. Richardson

Articles & Book Chapters

Regulation must target the financial sector, which often funds and profits from environmentally unsustainable development. In an era of global financial markets, the financial sector has a crucial impact on the state of the environment. The long-standing movement for ethically and socially responsible investment (SRI) has recently begun to advocate environmental standards for financiers. While this movement is gaining more adherents, it has increasingly justified responsible financing as a path to be prosperous, rather than virtuous. This trend partly owes to how financial institutions view their legal responsibilities. The business case motivations that now predominantly drive SRI are not sufficient …

Gender-Benders': Sex And Law In The Constitution Of Polluted Bodies, Dayna Nadine Scott

Articles & Book Chapters

This paper explores how law might conceive of the injury or harm of endocrine disruption as it applies to an aboriginal community experiencing chronic chemical pollution. The effect of the pollution in this case is not only gendered, but gendering: it seems to be causing the ‘production’ of two girl babies for every boy born on the reserve. This presents an opening to interrogate how law is implicated in the constitution of not just gender but sex. The analysis takes an embodied turn, attempting to validate the real and material consequences of synthetic chemicals acting on bodies — but uncovers …

The Hollowing Out Of Corporate Canada: Implications For Transnational Labor Law, Policy And Practice, Harry W. Arthurs

Articles & Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

Reforming Intellectual Property Law: An Obvious And Not-So-Obvious Agenda, David Vaver

Articles & Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

Immune Responses To Methamphetamine By Active Immunization With Peptide-Based, Molecular Adjuvant-Containing Vaccines, Michael J. Duryee, Rick A. Bevins, Carmela M. Reichel, Jennifer E. Murray, Yuxiang Dong, Geoffrey M. Thiele, Sam D. Sanderson

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Vaccines to methamphetamine (meth) were designed by covalently attaching a meth hapten (METH) to peptide constructs that contained a conformationally biased, response-selective molecular adjuvant, YSFKPMPLaR (EP54). Rats immunized with EP54-containing meth vaccines generated serum antibody titers to authentic meth, an immune outcome that altered meth self-administration. Immunization increased meth self-administration suggesting pharmacokinetic antagonism. The ability of immune sera to bind a METH-modified target protein dramatically decreased during and shortly after the meth self-administration assay, suggesting effective sequestration of free meth. However, the binding ability of immune sera to the METH-modified target protein was recovered 34 days after meth-free clearance time.

Gene–Environment Interactions Across Development: Exploring Drd2 Genotype And Prenatal Smoking Effects On Self-Regulation, Sandra A. Wiebe, Kimberly Andrews Espy, Christian Stopp, Jennifer Respass, Peter Stewart, Travis R. Jameson, David G. Gilbert, Jodi I. Huggenvik

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Genetic factors dynamically interact with both pre- and postnatal environmental influences to shape development. Considerable attention has been devoted to gene–environment interactions (G × E) on important outcomes (A. Caspi & T. E. Moffitt, 2006). It is also important to consider the possibility that these G × E effects may vary across development, particularly for constructs like self-regulation that emerge slowly, depend on brain regions that change qualitatively in different developmental periods, and thus may be manifested differently. To illustrate one approach to exploring such developmental patterns, the relation between variation in the TaqIA polymorphism, related to D2 dopamine receptor …

Daily Negative Mood Affects Fasting Glucose In Type 2 Diabetes, Marilyn M. Skaff, Joseph T. Mullan, David M. Almeida, Lesa Hoffman, Umesh Masharani, David Mohr, Lawrence Fisher

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: To examine the relationship between mood and blood glucose in a 21-day daily diary study.
Design: During a home visit, information was gathered from 206 persons with Type 2 diabetes regarding demographics, disease characteristics and treatment, and depressive symptoms. They had blood drawn at a laboratory, yielding HbA1C. The participants were then telephoned each evening for 21 days and were asked about their positive and negative mood during the past 24 hours. They also tested their blood glucose upon rising in the morning.
Main Outcome Measures: The main outcomes measures were positive and negative affect and fasting glucose.
Results: …

Responding To Societal Devaluation: Effects Of Perceived Personal And Group Discrimination On The Ethnic Group Identification And Personal Self-Esteem Of Latino/Latina Adolescents, Brian E. Armenta, Jennifer S. Hunt

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The Rejection-Identification model (Branscombe, Schmitt, & Harvey, 1999) posits that perceived discrimination may lead to increased ingroup identification, which can help maintain psychological well-being in the face of societal devaluation. To address unknown aspects of this model, we examined the effects of perceived per¬sonal and group discrimination on the group identification and personal self-esteem of Latino/Latina adolescents. Results showed that perceived group discrimination was related to higher personal self-esteem via direct and indirect routes (i.e. through group identification). However, perceived personal discrimination was directly and indirectly associated with lower personal self-esteem. Moreover, these two levels of discrimination showed interactive effects …

Epistatic Interaction Between Comt And Dat1 Genes On Eating Behavior: A Pilot Study, Samantha L. Hersrud, Scott F. Stoltenberg

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Problems related to food and weight in women may be influenced by the (DA) dopamine system. Catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) and the dopamine transporter (DAT) exert control on concentrations of extracellular DA. High and low functioning alleles of the COMT Val158Met and DAT1 3’ UTR VNTR polymorphisms have been identified, and their associations with reward and cognition suggest a role in the modulation of eating behavior. A sample of undergraduate college women (N = 71) was characterized for binge eating and eating psychopathology and genotyped for the COMT and DAT1 markers. Results revealed a significant epistatic interaction between COMT and DAT1 …

What’S Fair In Foul Weather And Fair? Distributive Justice Across Different Allocation Contexts And Goods, John T. Scott, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The Gulf coast hurricanes of a few years ago vividly highlighted important questions concerning the fair distribution of resources that are of continual concern in the more mundane distributive policies of the modern state. We present an experimental study of allocation decisions across two allocation contexts—nonemergency and emergency (flood) conditions—and with regard to qualitatively different goods—money, prescription medicine, and food. Distributive behavior is likely to vary across context and good depending on how individuals weigh distinct and competing allocation principles—merit, need, and equality here—in different circumstances. We find that allocation behavior is complex but structured, with context and good having …

Child Maltreatment History Among Newlywed Couples : A Longitudinal Study Of Marital Outcomes And Mediating Pathways, David Dilillo, James Peugh, Kate Walsh, Jillian Panuzio, Emily Trask, Sarah Evans

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Participants included 202 newlywed couples who reported retrospectively about child maltreatment experiences (sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect) and whose marital functioning was assessed 3 times over a 2-year period. Decreased marital satisfaction at T1 was predicted by childhood physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect for husbands; only neglect predicted lower satisfaction for wives. Increased maltreatment of various types was also related to T1 difficulties with marital trust and partner aggression. Dyadic growth curve analyses showed that the marital difficulties reported at T1 tended to remain over the course of the study. Further, in several instances, maltreatment exerted …

Repeated Antipsychotic Treatment Progressively Potentiates Inhibition On Phencyclidine-Induced Hyperlocomotion, But Attenuates Inhibition On Amphetamine-Induced Hyperlocomotion: Relevance To Animal Models Of Antipsychotic Drugs, Tao Sun, Gang Hu, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Clinical obervations indicate that antipsychotic action starts early and increases in magnitude with repeated treatment. Animal models that faithfully capture this time course of action are few. Inhibition of hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine or phencyclidine has been widely used as a screening tool for the antipsychotic activity of a drug. We thus investigated whether repeated antipsychotic treatment could produce an early-onset and progressively increased antagonistic effect on amphetamine or phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion as a way of assessing the validity of such models in capturing time course of antipsychotic action. One each of the five consecutive test days, different groups of rats …

Persons As Contexts: Evaluating Between-Person And Within-Person Effects In Longitudinal Analysis, Lesa Hoffman, Robert S. Stawski

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Relationships among multiple variables over time are of interest in many developmental areas and are frequently examined using time-varying predictors in multilevel models. Yet an incomplete specification of time-varying predictors will usually result in biased model effects. Specifically, the impact of constant, between-person sources of variation must be differentiated from the impact of time-specific, within-person sources of variation -that is, persons should be modeled as contexts. The current didactic article expands upon previous work to address why and how to model persons as contexts in longitudinal analysis. An electronic appendix of syntax for estimating these models is also provided.

Overview Article, Stephanie Ben-Ishai, Tony Duggan

Articles & Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

Tests Of The Dynamic Field Theory And The Spatial Precision Hypothesis: Capturing A Qualitative Developmental Transition In Spatial Working Memory, Anne R. Schutte, John P. Spencer

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study tested a dynamic field theory (DFT) of spatial working memory and an associated spatial precision hypothesis (SPH). Between 3 and 6 years of age, there is a qualitative shift in how children use reference axes to remember locations: 3-year-olds’ spatial recall responses are biased toward reference axes after short memory delays, whereas 6-year-olds’ responses are biased away from reference axes. According to the DFT and the SPH, quantitative improvements over development in the precision of excitatory and inhibitory working memory processes lead to this qualitative shift. Simulations of the DFT in Experiment 1 predict that improvements in precision …

"Everybody Knows What A Picket Line Means": Picketing Before The British Columbia Court Of Appeal, Judy Fudge, Eric Tucker

Articles & Book Chapters

The general hostility of courts towards workers’ collective action is well documented, but even against that standard the restrictive approach of the British Columbia Court of Appeal stands out. Although this trend first became apparent in a series of cases before World War II in which the court treated peaceful picketing as unlawful and narrowly interpreted British Columbia’s Trade Union Act (1902), which limited trade unions’ common law liability, this study will focus on the court’s post-War jurisprudence. The legal environment for trade union activity was radically altered during World War II by PC 1003, which provided unions with a …

Rational Decisions: The Adaptive Nature Of Context-Dependent Choice, Alexandra G. Rosati, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Although classical economic theory hinges on the assumption that rational actors should seek to maximize gains, psychologists and behavioral economists have recently collected a wealth of evidence challenging this premise. In violation of the principles of rational choice, context appears to dramatically influence human decision making. Like humans, numerous nonhuman animals, ranging from honeybees to primates, are sensitive to context, suggesting deep evolutionary roots for seemingly irrational decision-making. Many psychologists have suggested that such choices may stem from cognitive biases that result in errors. We contend, however, that labeling context-dependent choices as errors obscures the real issue. Natural selection does …

The Dynamics Of Development: Challenges For Bayesian Rationality, Nils Straubinger, Edward T. Cokely, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Commentary on Oaksford & Chater, Precis of Bayesian Rationality

Oaksford & Chater draw a rather static picture of human reasoning by focusing on typical patterns of responses from adults. We propose a more dynamic perspective, which considers that reasoning systematically varies within individuals over the lifespan (Howe & Rabinowitz 1996; Markovits & Barrouillet 2002) and between individuals with different levels of knowledge and expertise (Ericsson et al. 2006).

The original articles, the full set of commentaries, and the authors' response are attached (below) as an "Additional file."

Social Interaction Effects On Reward And Cognitive Abilities In Monkeys, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Marc D. Hauser

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

When given a choice between receiving $100 in 30 days and $110 in 31 days, most people wait for the larger, more delayed reward. However, when the choice is between $100 today and $110 tomorrow, many people shift their preferences to the smaller, immediate reward despite the same difference of $10 and one day. Reward properties—such as time to receipt—play a crucial role in our processing of rewards. However, reward processing does not only occur for individual decisions but also for social interactions; we must decide to either cooperate or compete with others for rewards. Humans stand out in the …

Dieting, Restraint, And Disinhibition Predict Women's Weight Change Over 6 Y, Jennifer S. Savage, Lesa R. Hoffman, Leann L. Birch

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Background: Although disinhibited eating is positively associated with higher weight in women, it is not known whether restrained eating and dieting moderate the influence of disinhibited eating on weight change.

Objective: The objective was to investigate over 6 y the interactive effects of restrained and disinhibited eating and self-reported dieting to lose weight as predictors of weight gain in women.

Design: Data were collected from non-Hispanic white women (n = 163) every 2 y. Height and weight were measured in triplicate. Dietary restraint and disinhibition were assessed by using the Eating Inventory. Participants were also asked if they were …

Rural Life Census Data Center Newsletter: South Dakota Net Migration Estimates, Trevor Brooks, Joel Vargas, Michael Mccurry

Census Data Center Newsletter Archive: 2007-2010

Migration brings important changes for both migrants and communities. Migration into a community can mean a new community dynamic: individuals who migrate bring their views of the world with them, and sometimes these ideas, values, and beliefs breed conflict (Blau 1994). And migration out of a community also can bring change: rural counties with high out-migration rates may also experience long-term economic hardships (Johnson 2006). South Dakota is affected by both in-migration and out-migration.