Digital Commons Network^™

Barack Obama, Abraham Lincoln, And John Dewey, Susan Schulten

Denver Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Twenty-First Century Ethos For The Legal Profession: Why Bother, Marcia S. Krieger

Denver Law Review

No abstract provided.

Annual Report. Town Of Dublin, New Hampshire For The Year Ending December 31, 2008., Dublin Town Representatives

Dublin, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Examining Costs Of Diversity, Eboni S. Nelson

Faculty Publications

Although the Supreme Court struck down the voluntary race-based student-assignment plans employed in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. ] and Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education as violative of the Equal Protection Clause, many school officials will seek refuge in Justice Kennedy's concurrence and continue their pursuit of racially diverse student bodies. This Article questions the wisdom of such a pursuit and urges school officials to pursue measures other than racial diversity to provide equal educational opportunities to minority students.

The Article begins with a discussion of the social, democratic, and educational benefits commonly …

Bo37-2-Web.Pdf, Bird Observer

Bird Observer

No abstract provided.

Bo37-3-Web.Pdf, Bird Observer

Bird Observer

No abstract provided.

Bo37-6-Web.Pdf, Bird Observer

Bird Observer

No abstract provided.

Are Morphological Specializations Of The Hyolingual System In Chameleons And Salamanders Tuned To Demands On Performance?, Anthony Herrel, Stephen M. Deban, Vicky Schaerlaeken, Jean-Pierre Timmermans, D. Adriaens

Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications

Extremely specialized and long tongues used for prey capture have evolved independently in plethodontid salamanders and chameleons. In both systems, the demands on tongue projection are probably similar: to maximize projection velocity and distance. Consequently, many of the design features of the projection system in these two groups have converged to an astonishing degree. Both involve the use of power amplification systems based on helically wound muscle fibers that load internal connective tissue sheets as illustrated in previous studies. Demands imposed on tongue retraction, however, are different to some degree. Although in both groups there is a clear demand for …

Humor And Laughter May Influence Health Iv. Humor And Immune Function, Mary Payne Bennett, Cecile Lengacher

Nursing Faculty Publications

This is the final article in a four part series reviewing the influence of humor and laughter on physiological and psychological well-being. This final article reviews the evidence for the effect of sense of humor, exposure to a humor stimulus and laughter on various immune system components, with a focus on the effects of laughter on natural killer cell cytotoxicity.

Burden Of Proof, Prima Facie Case And Presumption In Wto Dispute Settlement, John J. Barcelo Iii

Cornell International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Round-Eared Sengi And The Evolution Of Social Monogamy: Factors That Constrain Males To Live With A Single Female, M. Schubert, N. Pillay, David O. Ribble, C. Schradin

Biology Faculty Research

Animal dispersion in space and time results from environmental pressures, and affects the outcome of a species’ social organization. When females are solitary, males may either roam or be pair-living. We studied possible environmental influences affecting the social organization of the round-eared sengi (Macroscelides proboscideus) in a semi-desert in South Africa, using trapping and radio-tracking across 2.5 yr. Adult sex ratios did not deviate from 1:1 and we found no indication of sexual dimorphism in body mass. Females maintained exclusive areas, which had little overlap (

Effect Of The Grains-To-Solubles Ratio In Diets Containing Wet Distillers Grains ± Solubles Fed To Finishing Steers, Corineah M. Godsey, Matt K. Luebbe, Joshua R. Benton, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) were fed at 0%, 20% or 40% (DM basis) with varying ratios of distillers grains (WDG) to distillers solubles (DS) to determine effect of inclusion level and amount of solubles on steer performance and carcass characteristics. There was no interaction between WDG inclusion level and WDG:DS ratio. As WDG ± S inclusion increased from 0% to 40% diet DM, final BW and average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly (P = 0.03), while feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) decreased linearly (P < 0.01). However, performance was not affected by the proportion of DS in WDG ± S (P > 0.10).

2009 Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Table of Contents 2009 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

Cow/Calf
Effect of Winter Grazing System and Supplementation on Beef Cow and Progeny Performance
Effect of Estrus Synchronization with a Single Injection of Prostaglandin During Natural Service Mating
Limit Feeding Beef Cows with Bunkered Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles or Distillers Solubles
Estimating Livestock Forage Demand: Defining the Animal Unit
Moving Beyond Weight as the Only Predictor of Breeding Readiness: Using a Breeding Maturity Index
The Effects of Breeding Maturity on Dystocia and Rebreeding of the Primiparous Beef Female
An Economic Budget for Determining Co-Product Storage Costs

Growing
Replacing Fertilizer Nitrogen with …

Effect Of Winter Grazing System And Supplementation On Beef Cow And Progeny Performance, Richard N. Funston, Jeremy Martin, Don C. Adams, Daniel Larson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cows grazed winter range (WR) or corn residue (CR) during late gestation and received protein supplement (PS) of 1 lb/day 28% CP cubes or no supplement (NS). Pre-calving and pre-breeding body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were greater for PS and CR cows. Pregnancy rate was not affected by treatments. Calf weaning BW was greater for PS cows that grazed WR. Final BW and 12th rib fat tended to be greater for steers from cows on CR. Steers from PS cows graded a higher proportion USDA Choice or greater. More heifers were pubertal before breed¬ing from dams receiving …

Fatty Acid Profile Of Three Beef Muscles From Yearlings And Calf-Fed Steers Fed Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Chris R. Calkins, Blaine E. Jenschke, Lasika S. Senaratne, Timothy P. Carr, Galen E. Erickson, Mike E. R. Dugan

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) finishing diets on the fatty acid profile of beef. Ribeye slices (m. Longissimus thoracis), tenderloins (m. Psoas major), and top blades (m. Infraspinatus) were analyzed. Calf-fed (Experiment 1) and yearling steers (Experiment 2) (n = 96 each) were allocated into three treatments of 0%, 15% or 30% WDGS (DM basis) for each experiment. For all muscles, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels were higher in beef from animals fed 30% WDGS. Except in tenderloins in Experiment 1, trans fatty acids increased linearly with …

Modified Wet Distillers Grains Finishing Diets May Increase The Levels Of Polyunsaturated And Trans Fatty Acids Of Beef, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Chris R. Calkins, Lasika S. Senaratne, Timothy P. Carr, Galen E. Erickson, Mike E. R. Dugan, Blaine E. Jenschke

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Yearling steers (n=268) were fed 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50 % modified wet distillers grains with solubles (MWDGS; DM basis). Marbling attributes, intramuscular fat content and fatty acid profile of beef were analyzed. Treatments did not alter marbling score, marbling distribution or fat content. Slight differences were identified for marbling texture of Choice carcasses. Values of polyunsaturated, Omega 6 and trans fatty acids linearly increased as levels of modified wet distillers grains increased. Feeding this byproduct increases polyunsaturated, trans and Omega 6 fatty acids in beef.

Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Or Solubles In Feedlot Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Virgil R. Bremer, Joshua R. Benton, Matt K. Luebbe, Kathryn J. Hanford, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rick Stock

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Effects of the addition of 0% to 40% wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) or 0% to 20% condensed corn distillers solubles (CCDS) to feedlot diets containing high moisture corn (HMC) and 35% wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) were evaluated. As WDGS replaced HMC, average daily gain (ADG) decreased linearly and dry matter intake (DMI) tended to decrease. Replacement of HMC with WDGS in the 35% WCGF diet caused a linear decrease in ADG and a trend for a linear decrease in DMI. When CCDS replaced HMC, no difference in steer performance was observed. The sulfur content, rather than fat …

Effects Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Roughage Inclusion Levels In Finishing Diets Containing Modified Distillers Grains Plus Solubles, Joshua R. Benton, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, Ronald Lindquist

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing trial evaluated wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and roughage inclusion levels in diets containing 30% modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS, DM basis) using a 3 x 3 factorial treatment structure. No significant WCGF x roughage level interactions were observed. There was a quadratic response due to WCGF level for dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG), which were lowest for cattle fed 30% WCGF; however, feed-gain ratio (F:G) increased linearly with increasing WCGF. Gain responded quadratically and was lowest for cattle fed 0% corn silage. F:G and DMI increased linearly with increasing corn silage. Feedlot …

Effects Of Roughage Source And Level With The Inclusion Of Wet Distillers Grains On Ruminal Metabolism And Nutrient Digestibility, Josh R. Benton, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Nathan F. Meyer, Crystal D. Buckner

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Six ruminally cannulated steers were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square with treatments arranged as a 2 x 3 factorial with alfalfa hay or cornstalks included at a normal, low or zero level on an equal neutral detergent fiber (NDF) basis. The base finishing diet contained 30% wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS). No source x level interactions were observed. Roughage source had no effect on nutrient intake, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility or ruminal pH. Digestibility of NDF tended to be higher for alfalfa hay compared to cornstalks. Ruminal pH, DMI and NDF intake …

Effects Of Environmental Factors On Body Temperature Of Feedlot Cattle, Rodrigo Arias, Terry L. Mader

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Tympanic temperature of 32 Angus steers (919 ± 7.5 lb) was measured with Micro-T ibuttons or the Stowaway data loggers. Environmental variables were collected using weather stations located in the pens to evaluate factors influencing body temperature. A multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of these factors on body temperature of feedlot cattle. Tympanic temperature tended to be higher for Stowaway compared to Micro-T data loggers (102.6 vs. 102.41°F ± 0.072, respectively; P = 0.053). Tympanic temperature was driven primarily by outgoing solar radiation and wind speed (R²=0.79).

Fatty Acid Composition Of Beef From Cattle Fed Wet Distillers Grains Diets Supplemented With Vitamin E, Lasika S. Senaratne, Chris R. Calkins, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Timothy P. Carr, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crossbred yearlings (n = 90) were allotted to one of ten diets containing 0%, 20% and 40% wet distillers grains (WDG) with or without vitamin E supplementation and distillers solubles. Strip loin and tenderloin steaks were obtained and tested for their fatty acid profiles using gas chromatography. WDG diets increased linearly (P < 0.05) the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) containing 18 or more carbons and trans fatty acids in both muscles. No significant differences were found for total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Dietary inclusion of neither vitamin E nor distiller solubles significantly changed PUFA, trans, omega-6 or omega-3 fats in strip loins and tenderloins. Therefore, changes in the fat¬ty acid profile of beef are a consequence of WDG, not the solubles or vitamin E.

A Rapid Method To Evaluate Oxidation Capacity Of Fresh Beef, Lasika S. Senaratne, Chris R. Calkins, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Timothy P. Carr

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A method to determine the capacity of beef to oxidize was developed by spectrophotometrically measuring the formation of conjugated dienes after inducing oxidation. The assay was tested by comparing the oxidation capacity and oxidation products (2-thiobabutaric acid reactive substances) of beef stored in a cooler with various packaging types. There was an inverse relationship between oxidation capacity and oxidation products. As oxidation increases, the oxidation capacity of samples declines. This method of measuring oxidation capacity provides useful information without having to wait for oxidation to occur.

Vitamin E Mitigates The Boost In Lipid Oxidation Of Beef Due To Wet Distillers Grains Feeding, Lasika Senaratne, Chris R. Calkins, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Beef tenderloin and strip loin steaks were obtained from yearlings (n = 90) fed 0%, 20% and 40% wet distillers grains (DM basis) with or without distillers solubles and vitamin E supplementation. Our aim was to increase the shelf life of case-ready beef by vitamin E supplementation to minimize the potential of lipid oxidation due to wet distiller grains feeding. Data from this study indicate that vitamin E supplementation significantly mitigates the increased oxidation potential of tenderloin and strip loin steaks during retail display due to WDG feeding.

Impact Of A New Direct-Fed Microbial On Intake And Ruminal Ph, Kelsey Rolfe, Nathan Meyer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Ryan Mass

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Nine ruminally fistulated steers were used in a metabolism experiment to evaluate the effect of a new direct-fed microbial (DFM) on acidosis. No statistical differences were observed in dry matter intake (DMI). Minimum pH was significantly lower in steers fed the DFM during grain adaptation, resulting in a greater change in ruminal pH and pH variance for steers fed DFM during grain adaptation. However, once steers were on the finishing diet, no differences were detected due to treatment.

Energy Value Of Wet Distillers Grains In High Forage Diets, Brandon Nuttelman, Matt K. Luebbe, Joshua R. Benton, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Leslie Aaron Stalker, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

One hundred sixty crossbred steers were used to determine the energy value of wet distillers grains in high forage diets. By design, steers had similar intakes and gains across treatments. Diets included either wet distillers grains (WDGS) or dry rolled corn, sorghum silage, grass hay and supplement (DRC). Diets were formulated to meet degradable intake protein and metabolizable protein requirements. The energy value of wet distillers grains was calculated using the National Research Council model (1996). In this study, wet distillers grains contained 130% of the energy of dry rolled corn when fed in forage-based diets.

Effects Of Substituting Wet Distillers Grains With Solubles In A Wet Corn Gluten Feed-Based Diet On Finishing Performance, Cody Nichols, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing study evaluated feeding a wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) ration containing no high moisture corn with varying inclusion levels of wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS), as well as a control diet containing 20% WDGS and 20% WCGF. Wet distillers grains with solubles replaced WCGF at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the diet. As WDGS replaced WCGF, feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) decreased linearly. However, two steers developed polioencephalomalacia on the treatment that contained 40% WDGS. Steers fed the control diet containing 40% byproduct had greater average daily gain (ADG) and lower F:G than the average of all WCGF:WDGS …

Estimating Livestock Forage Demand: Defining The Animal Unit, Tonya L. Meyer, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Jerry D. Volesky, Leslie Aaron Stalker, Richard N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Animals were housed in individual pens and fed high quality (11% CP) meadow hay ad libitum daily to evaluate the effect of a beef animal’s physiological state (cow-calf pair vs. dry cow vs. yearling steer) on forage intake. Daily diet samples were composited by week and analyzed. Refusals were collected, composited by week per pen and analyzed. Dry matter intake (DMI) was different among treatments. The results indicate different physiological states or classes of cattle should be considered when calculating forage demand for stocking rate or feeding purposes.

Effects Of Rumensin® And Tylan® In Finishing Diets With Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles, Nathan Meyer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Joshua R. Benton, Matt K. Luebbe, Scott Laudert

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A total of 3,632 crossbred steers at three different sites (Nebraska, Colorado and Oklahoma) were utilized in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) study. Data were combined for the Colorado and Oklahoma trials. Steers were fed one of five treatments: 1) Traditional corn diet with Rumensin and Tylan (CORN+RT); 2) Wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS); 3) WDGS with Rumensin (WDGS+R); 4) WDGS with Rumensin and Tylan (WDGS+RT); and 5) WDGS with expanded dose range of Rumensin (44.4 g/ton) and Tylan (WDGS+HIRT) to evaluate the effects of Rumensin and Tylan in feedlot diets containing WDGS. In WDGS diets, feed-to-gain ratio …

Composting Or Stockpiling Feedlot Manure: Nutrient Concentration And Recovery, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Joshua R. Benton

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Manure stockpiled anaerobically or composted aerobically for 111 days was evaluated for nutrient concentration and recovery. Recovery of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) was not different among storage methods. The proportion of organic nitrogen (N) was greater for composted manure while ammonium N was greater in stockpiles. Recovery of N from stockpiled manure was greater than from compost when ammonium N was measured on “fresh” samples and samples dried down to simulate field application. Anaerobic stockpiling of feedlot manure provides a greater amount of N for crops and similar amounts of DM and OM.

Effect Of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference On Intake And Urinary Ph In High Concentrate Diets, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Nathan Meyer

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Seven experiments evaluated the effect of basal diet and dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on urinary and fecal pH, and DMI. Dry-matter intake(DMI) was reduced by DCAD level in dry-rolled corn basal diets but not in diets that included 20% wet distillers grains (WDGS). Urinary pH decreased with DCAD level in all experiments. Fecal pH was not influenced by either DCAD level or basal diet. Altering DCAD in concentrate diets with or without WDGS does impacturinary pH.