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2008

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Mechanism Of Interferon-Beta-Mediated Inhibition Of Il-8 Gene Expression, Travis Laver Jan 2008

Mechanism Of Interferon-Beta-Mediated Inhibition Of Il-8 Gene Expression, Travis Laver

All ETDs from UAB

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent chemoattractant of numerous cells, particularly neutrophils, in the innate immune response. In addition to immune functions, IL-8 is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including cancer. Interferon-β (IFN-β), a Type I interferon, inhibits the expression of IL-8, but the details of this effect are not known. In this study we investigate transcriptional control of the IL- 8 gene and the mechanism by which IFN-β exerts inhibitory effects on IL-8. Herein we show that stimulation of U87-MG glioma cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) results in a rapid recruitment of NF-κB …

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English Oral Language Usage Of Caregivers In Selected Orphanages Of Eastern India: A Phenomenological Study, Constance Diane Lawrence Jan 2008

English Oral Language Usage Of Caregivers In Selected Orphanages Of Eastern India: A Phenomenological Study, Constance Diane Lawrence

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The purpose of this research was to determine the situation and frequency of the use of English oral language by caregivers with young children who are orphaned. Two orphan centers in the state of West Bengal, India were chosen for this study. Interviews and observations of caregivers were used to determine the caregivers’ self-perceptions of their own fluency in English and the amount of English utilized by the caregivers with children in the orphan centers. A total of twelve caregivers participated in this study. Seven caregivers, three full-time and four part-time, three females and four males, participated at Center One. …

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Punctal Occlusion Impact On Tear Film Immuno-Regulatory Proteins Measured By Cytometric Bead-Based Assay, Martin W. Lafrance Jan 2008

Punctal Occlusion Impact On Tear Film Immuno-Regulatory Proteins Measured By Cytometric Bead-Based Assay, Martin W. Lafrance

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PURPOSE: This study compares vendor reagents used for cytometric bead-based assay (CBA) of cytokines in human tears and validates a protocol for use in evaluating punctal occlusion, a treatment for keratoconjunctivitis sicca. It has been proposed that punctal occlusion may alter tear cytokine concentrations based on the facts that: (1) tear clearance, a measure of the balance between tear production and elimination, declines following occlusion and (2) reduced tear clearance and increased levels of pro-inflammatory tear cytokines are correlated in dry eye patients. This study compares tear clearance values and the level of 24 tear cytokines measured by CBA following …

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Transcriptional Regulation Of Cd40 And Class Ii Mhc Molecules In Macrophages And Microglia By Statins, Sun Jung Lee Jan 2008

Transcriptional Regulation Of Cd40 And Class Ii Mhc Molecules In Macrophages And Microglia By Statins, Sun Jung Lee

All ETDs from UAB

Microglia/macrophages are the main intrinsic immune effector cells and the first cell types that respond to a variety of CNS injures. They have important functions including secretion of cytokines/chemokines and antigen presentation, thereby regulating immune responses. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a cytokine involved in many aspects of the immune response, and activates microglia/macrophages to express cell surface antigens such as class II MHC, and co-stimulatory molecules such as CD40. CD40 and class II MHC molecules play a critical role in immune reactivity such as antigen presentation and subsequent T cell activation. However, aberrant CD40 and class II MHC expression have been …

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Air Pollution And Preterm Births In Atlanta, Georgia, Corey Masuca Jan 2008

Air Pollution And Preterm Births In Atlanta, Georgia, Corey Masuca

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Exposure to ambient outdoor air pollution exposure is one of the many extraneous factors associated with preterm births. Many epidemiological studies involving preterm births and ambient air pollution have repeatedly indicated positive associations. However, for many such studies, results may be statistically significant but weakly associated or inconclusive. Such results may be primarily attributable to the fact that most studies include only single or multiple criteria air pollutants but not the total air pollution mixture of criteria air pollutants and air toxic pollutants (e.g., PAHs) to which people are actually exposed. This study assessed associations between pollutant classes, including criteria …

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Modulation Of Transforming Growth Factor (Tgf)-Ss1 And Its Implications In Breast Cancer Metastasis, Lakisha Dionne Moore Jan 2008

Modulation Of Transforming Growth Factor (Tgf)-Ss1 And Its Implications In Breast Cancer Metastasis, Lakisha Dionne Moore

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Overexpresssion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has been implicated in promoting immune suppression, tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell migration, and invasion in many cancers including carcinoma of the breast. Thus, targeted downregulation of TGF-β1 expression in breast cancer in situ and determination of its implications potentially could provide new treatment approaches for disease management. siRNA constructs targeting TGF-β1 were validated and used to develop clonal derivatives of the MDA-MB-435 metastatic breast cancer cell line. Inhibition of TGF-β1 expression in MDA-MB-435 cells showed decrease in migration and invasion in vitro with an increase in proliferation. In vivo analysis indicated a 90% decrease …

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Relationships Among Anger, Patterns Of Anger Expression And Blood Pressure, Glucose, And Cortisol In Overweight School-Aged Children, Kimberly Nichols Jan 2008

Relationships Among Anger, Patterns Of Anger Expression And Blood Pressure, Glucose, And Cortisol In Overweight School-Aged Children, Kimberly Nichols

All ETDs from UAB

Overweight and obesity in school-aged children have become a major health issue. With overweight and obesity, children have increased risk of developing elevated blood pressure readings, glucose levels, and cortisol. Trait anger and patterns of anger expression have been shown to contribute to the elevations of blood pressure, glucose and cortisol in normoweight children and overweight adolescents. However, little research has been done with overweight school-aged children. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among trait anger and each of the patterns of anger expression (anger-suppression, anger-out, and anger-reflection/control) and blood pressure, glucose, and cortisol in overweight …

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Transition Metal Complexes Of Bis(Phosphorus) Donor Ligands Derived From Multifunctional Diols: Synthesis, Isomerization, Cation Binding, And Catalysis., Samuel Britt Owens Jan 2008

Transition Metal Complexes Of Bis(Phosphorus) Donor Ligands Derived From Multifunctional Diols: Synthesis, Isomerization, Cation Binding, And Catalysis., Samuel Britt Owens

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In Chapter 1, the metallacrown ethers cis-[PdCl2{Ph2P(CH2CH2O)3CH2CH2PPh2-P,P’}] and trans-PtCl2{Ph2P(CH2CH2O)3CH2CH2PPh2-P,P’} were studied. These metallacrown ethers are ideal candidates for the study of the kinetics and thermodynamics of cis-trans isomerizations because of their highly flexible backbones. We have carried out these studies using 31P NMR spectroscopy, and the equilibrium constants and thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for these reactions are reported. Chapter 2 of this dissertation explores the cation binding ability of the tartaric acid backbone proposed as the building block for the ligands developed herein for the hydroformylation of styrene. Binding studies and crystallographic analysis confirmed that incorporating the tartaric acid backbone …

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Investigation Of Lipoteichoic Acid Structure And Function To Establish Its Role In Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections, Ho Seong Seo Jan 2008

Investigation Of Lipoteichoic Acid Structure And Function To Establish Its Role In Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections, Ho Seong Seo

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Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an essential bacterial membrane polysaccharide (cell wall component) that is linked to a glycerol backbone with two acyl chains. Since an antibody to LTA has been shown to protect from Gr+ bacterial infections or colonization, and the mutant Gr+ bacteria which produce less amount of LTA have less pathogenic than WT, LTA may be an important role in Gr+ bacterial infection and inflammation. The currently accepted structure of pneumococcal LTA has the pentameric repeating unit bound to the lipid anchor {Glc(β1��3)AATGal(β1��3)Glc(α1��3)-acyl2Gro}. Unlike the lipid anchor of other Gr+ bacterial LTA, this pneumococcal LTA lipid anchor has …

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An Exploration Of Factors Related To Hypertension Control In African American And Caucasian Municipal Employees, Sunun Sinsuesatkul Jan 2008

An Exploration Of Factors Related To Hypertension Control In African American And Caucasian Municipal Employees, Sunun Sinsuesatkul

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Hypertension is a major contributor to morbidity, mortality, and medical costs in the United States. African Americans (AAs) have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the world, exhibiting at least twice the rate for Caucasians in almost every age and sex group. AAs are also at higher risk for complications from hypertension than Caucasians. While several factors have been proposed as accounting for those differences, there is no consensus on which factors may be responsible; the reasons for disparities in hypertension control in AAs are complex, and need further investigation. This study explored relationships between multiple factors to identify how …

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Analysis Of The Hedgehog Pathway In Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Adam Steg Jan 2008

Analysis Of The Hedgehog Pathway In Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Adam Steg

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Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Despite the use of highly aggressive treatment regimens (surgery, chemotherapy and radiation), almost all patients succumb to metastatic disease within 6-10 months of diagnosis. The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway was originally discov-ered to play a critical role in mammalian embryological development. Interestingly, re-cent studies have suggested that aberrant expression of this pathway is involved in the initiation and continued growth of PAC. Small molecules that antagonize the transmem-brane protein Smoothened (Smo), a critical signaling component of the HH pathway, have proven effective in decreasing PAC …

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Randomized Controlled Trial Of Low Cost Interventions To Reduce Childhood Immunization Dropouts In Pakistan, Hussain Raza Usman Jan 2008

Randomized Controlled Trial Of Low Cost Interventions To Reduce Childhood Immunization Dropouts In Pakistan, Hussain Raza Usman

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Childhood immunization coverage in Pakistan remains sub-optimal despite universal and free of cost availability of vaccines. Structural impediments to progress may include the immunization card that is hard to read and interpret. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of redesigned immunization card and center-based education to mothers on immunization completion at rural immunization centers in Karachi, Pakistan. Other objectives were to identify the predictors of immunization completion and to identify factors associated with delay at first dose of diphtheria-tetanuspertussis (DTP1). Mother-child units were enrolled from six immunization centers at DTP1 and randomized to four study groups: …

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Effects Of Music Therapy On Preterm Infants In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ashley Hodges Wood Jan 2008

Effects Of Music Therapy On Preterm Infants In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ashley Hodges Wood

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The study purpose was to examine the effects of a 15-min live-music therapy intervention on heart rate, oxygen saturation, level of motor activity, behavioral distress, and behavioral state levels in premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. The convenience sample included 20 infants born at 26 to 29 weeks’ gestational age who were hospitalized in a large teaching hospital in the southern United States. In a 1-group repeated-measures crossover design, infants were randomly assigned order of music versus no-music conditions. Data were collected on 4 occasions over a 2- to 4-week period beginning when the infants were 1 to …

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Ankyrin-G In Renal Epithelia: Identification Of Novel Isoforms And The Interaction Between Ankyrin-G And H+/K+-Atpase Alpha 2 Subunit, Jun Li Jan 2008

Ankyrin-G In Renal Epithelia: Identification Of Novel Isoforms And The Interaction Between Ankyrin-G And H+/K+-Atpase Alpha 2 Subunit, Jun Li

All ETDs from UAB

Ankyrins are multifunctional membrane adaptors which link diverse membrane proteins to the spectrin-based membrane cytoskeleton. Ankyrin-G (Ank-G, encoded by the Ank-3 gene) is broadly expressed and exhibits alternative splicing in different tissues, giving rise to isoforms ranging in Mr from 100-480 kDa. However, little is known about the alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing patterns of the Ank-3 gene in kidney, particularly at the N-terminus. In the first study, a novel full-length Ank-G cDNA and two novel Ank-G amino termini were isolated from mouse kidney by cDNA library screening and RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE). Their distinct …

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Regulation Of Human Mmp-9 Gene Expression By Transcriptional Coactivators And Interferon Beta, Xueyan Zhao Jan 2008

Regulation Of Human Mmp-9 Gene Expression By Transcriptional Coactivators And Interferon Beta, Xueyan Zhao

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No abstract provided.

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Rapid Prediction Of Tropical Soil Degradation Using Diffuse Reflectance Spectros Copy: Method Verification In The Saiwa River Basin, Western Kenya, Jeffries Blunt Degraffenried Jan 2008

Rapid Prediction Of Tropical Soil Degradation Using Diffuse Reflectance Spectros Copy: Method Verification In The Saiwa River Basin, Western Kenya, Jeffries Blunt Degraffenried

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No abstract provided.

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Assessing And Correcting The Effects Of Measurement Error Among Correlated Covariates In A Proportional Hazards Setting, Tina Juliet Thandeka Dube Jan 2008

Assessing And Correcting The Effects Of Measurement Error Among Correlated Covariates In A Proportional Hazards Setting, Tina Juliet Thandeka Dube

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No abstract provided.

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Genetic And Psychiatric Treatment Related Risk Factors For Type 2 Diabetes In Schizophrenia And Schizoaffective Disorder Patients, Marguerite Mulryan Dickson Jan 2008

Genetic And Psychiatric Treatment Related Risk Factors For Type 2 Diabetes In Schizophrenia And Schizoaffective Disorder Patients, Marguerite Mulryan Dickson

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No abstract provided.

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After Controlling For Other Risk Factors, To What Extent Does The Level Of Parity Account For The Differences In The Probability Of Developing Diabetes Mellitus?, Johnita Dobbs Jan 2008

After Controlling For Other Risk Factors, To What Extent Does The Level Of Parity Account For The Differences In The Probability Of Developing Diabetes Mellitus?, Johnita Dobbs

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No abstract provided.

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Toll-Like Receptor Stimulation Can Lead To Differential Production Of Il-23 And Il-12, Christopher H. Dodd Jan 2008

Toll-Like Receptor Stimulation Can Lead To Differential Production Of Il-23 And Il-12, Christopher H. Dodd

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No abstract provided.

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P53-Dependent Neural Stem Cell Death Regulation, Ying Geng Jan 2008

P53-Dependent Neural Stem Cell Death Regulation, Ying Geng

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No abstract provided.

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Fluorescence Based Optical Sensor For Protein Detection, Kailiang Sun Jan 2008

Fluorescence Based Optical Sensor For Protein Detection, Kailiang Sun

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No abstract provided.

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Effect Of Bisphosphonate On Osteo Genic Differentiation Of Pulp And Pdl Cells, Nachiket Saoji Jan 2008

Effect Of Bisphosphonate On Osteo Genic Differentiation Of Pulp And Pdl Cells, Nachiket Saoji

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No abstract provided.

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Role Of The Gastric Ecosystem In Helicobacter Associated Gastritis, Julia M. Schmitz Jan 2008

Role Of The Gastric Ecosystem In Helicobacter Associated Gastritis, Julia M. Schmitz

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No abstract provided.

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Investigation Of Thermal Performance, Indoor Air Quality And Energy Consumption Within The Tuskegee Healthy House Demonstrative Model, Rasha M. Selim Jan 2008

Investigation Of Thermal Performance, Indoor Air Quality And Energy Consumption Within The Tuskegee Healthy House Demonstrative Model, Rasha M. Selim

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No abstract provided.

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The Role Of Dec1 In P53-Dependent Cellular Senescence, Yingjuan Qian Jan 2008

The Role Of Dec1 In P53-Dependent Cellular Senescence, Yingjuan Qian

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No abstract provided.

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Structural And Functional Studies Of Human Bile Acid Coa:Amino Acid N-Acyltransferase (Hbat), Erin Mary Shonsey Jan 2008

Structural And Functional Studies Of Human Bile Acid Coa:Amino Acid N-Acyltransferase (Hbat), Erin Mary Shonsey

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No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Catastrophizing And Acceptance On Functional Interference In Persons With Chronic Pain: Laboratory Findings, Subjective Reports, And The Moderating Role Of Acceptance, Elizabeth J. Richardson Jan 2008

The Effects Of Catastrophizing And Acceptance On Functional Interference In Persons With Chronic Pain: Laboratory Findings, Subjective Reports, And The Moderating Role Of Acceptance, Elizabeth J. Richardson

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No abstract provided.

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Adaptive Procedures To Detect Treatment Effects Under Unexpected Treatment-Covariate Interactions, Nitin K. Nair Jan 2008

Adaptive Procedures To Detect Treatment Effects Under Unexpected Treatment-Covariate Interactions, Nitin K. Nair

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No abstract provided.

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Dna Methylation Patterns In The Ultraviolet Radiation - Exposed Skin And Tumors: Chemopreventive Role Of Phytochemicals, Vijayalakshmi Nandakumar Jan 2008

Dna Methylation Patterns In The Ultraviolet Radiation - Exposed Skin And Tumors: Chemopreventive Role Of Phytochemicals, Vijayalakshmi Nandakumar

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No abstract provided.

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