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Dms Air/Sea Flux And Gas Transfer Coefficients From The North Atlantic Summertime Coccolithophore Bloom, Christa Marandino, Warren J. De Bruyn, Scott Miller, Eric S. Saltzman

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) atmospheric and oceanic concentrations and eddy covariance air/sea fluxes were measured over the N. Atlantic Ocean during July 2007 from Iceland to Woods Hole, MA, USA. Seawater DMS levels north of 55 degrees N ranged from 3 to 17 nM, with variability related to the satellite-derived distributions of coccoliths and to a lesser extent, chlorophyll. For the most intense bloom region southwest of Iceland, DMS air/sea fluxes were as high as 300 mu mol m(-2) d(-1), larger than current model estimates. The observations imply that gas exchange coefficients in this region are significantly greater than those estimated using …

Transcendental Idealism, Transcendental Realism, And The Possibility Of Objective Reference, Eric Dane Walker

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The goal of my thesis is to understand why Kant thinks that transcendental idealism can secure empirical realism, the idea that there really exists an objective world that we can come to know through experience. I maintain that, according to Kant, the possibility of coming to know objective reality depends upon the possibility of referring to objects, which itself, Kant thinks, can be explained by transcendental idealism. The transcendental idealist worldview is supposed by Kant to explain the possibility of referring to objects because it recognizes that objects must conform to cognition and not the other way around. Therefore, I …

Lessons To Learn From All Out Invasion: Life History Of Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta) In A Patagonian River, Sarah Louise O'Neal

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Brown trout (Salmo trutta) are widely introduced throughout Patagonia, though their distribution and impact in the region remain poorly documented. Life history flexibility, and particularly partial migration play a major role in the ability of this species to adapt to Patagonian rivers. Consequently, this study explored habitat, distribution and life history of a partially migratory population of brown trout in the Rio Grande in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. It described what is known of the history of the invasion. Physical, chemical, and biological habitat data were collected for comparison between sites supporting resident fish with those supporting anadromous fish. Additionally, …

Seasonal Nutrient Dynamics In A Small-Scale Constructed Wetland Treating Primary Effluent With Applications Of Effluent Reuse In Biomass Production, Paul Thomas Miller

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Constructed wetlands have been investigated for use in the treatment of municipal wastewater. Species of nitrogen and phosphorus are the nutrients of focus and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS) and fecal coliform are the pollutants. Prior work has focused on design concepts, plant effects on nutrient and pollutant treatment, and annualized treatment performance characteristics. This work builds upon published design concepts and wetland plant community and its function and investigates seasonal treatment performance and the kinetics of treatment performance for certain nutrients and pollutants during each season. Previous engineering based work has broadly suggested that first order …

Sex-Specific Investment In Incubation And The Reproductive Biology Of Two Tropical Antbird Species, Brian A. Schwartz

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Paternal care has been neglected in behavioral studies because it is rare among most animals. Birds express wide variation in male care across a broad life-history gradient, but such variation among species remains poorly explored. At the same time, contributions of male assistance with incubation have been largely overlooked with the assumption that incubation is a time of low parental energy expenditure. We compared male versus female biparental incubation effort between two tropical antbird species in the northern Andes of Venezuela. We found that males and females apportion reproductive effort differently between these two species, but that male contributions of …

Kings And Courtesans: A Study Of The Pictorial Representation Of French Royal Mistresses, Shandy April Lemperle

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This thesis explores the development in the pictorial representation of four important French royal mistresses. It looks at works depicting Agnès Sorel, mistress to Charles VII; Diane de Poitiers, mistress to Henri II; Gabrielle d’Estrées, mistress to Henri IV; and Madame de Pompadour, mistress to Louis XV. By placing the portrayals of these women within a historical context, it becomes apparent that there are links between the strength of the crown and the depictions of the mistresses. This thesis traces the development of the imagery associated with these women and demonstrates that as the crown became more and more powerful, …

Structure And Function Of A Neuronal Glutamate Transporter, Gregory Patrick Leary

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Glutamate transporters have a homotrimeric subunit structure with a large central water-filled cavity that extends partially into the plane of the lipid bilayer (Yernool et al., 2004). In addition to uptake of glutamate, the transporters also mediate a chloride conductance that is gated by Na+ and glutamate. Our data indicate that glutamate binding sites, transport pathways, and chloride channels reside in individual subunits in the trimer and function independently and that the anion channel is gated by alkali cations binding from either side of the membrane. We also investigated conformational changes during glutamate binding by incorporating a fluorescent probe into …

Wildlife Decomposition In West Central Montana: A Preliminary Study Conducted To Provide Field Investigation Material And Training For Wildlife Officers, F. Carleen Gonder

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

An issue with many poaching investigations is the discovery of carcasses in advanced stages of decomposition with little information to indicate time of death (TOD). To address TOD issues of carcasses found in a state of decomposition, and to provide training materials and field tools for investigating officers, this project was initiated to identify decomposition stages and to monitor decomposition rates for those stages in the west central area of Montana. A total of 15 carcasses were placed in electrified exclosures during various times of the year which provided seasonal variation and include: a pair of gray wolves (8 total) …

Buried : Unearthing The Secrets Of Oregon Truffles, Lucy Burningham

Dissertations and Theses

Heady, rich and mood-altering, truffles have inspired quixotic legends, bizarre crimes and gluttonous consumption for hundreds, even thousands of years. For as long as humans have known about the strange, bulbous fungi that grow underground, they have found truffles fascinating, mysterious and persuasive. Expert at the art of luring people and animals through scent alone, truffles beg to be found.

Heady, rich and mood-altering, truffles have inspired quixotic legends, bizarre crimes and gluttonous consumption for hundreds, even thousands of years. For as long as humans have known about the strange, bulbous fungi that grow underground, they have found truffles fascinating, …

Custer's Last Drag: An Examination Of Tobacco Use Among The Seventh Cavalry During The Nineteenth Century, Shannon Marjorie Vihlene

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Tobacco has played an integral role in global history, and there are numerous historical records related to tobacco use over the past five hundred years. The odontological evidence recovered from the Custer National Battlefield infers a high frequency of tobacco use within the Seventh Calvary, yet nineteenth century historical records fail to mention such intensive use in the Seventh Calvary. This paper will briefly discuss late nineteenth century tobacco culture and apply that to a bioarchaeological research project associated with remains from the Custer National Battlefield to addresses this contradiction between historical and physical records.

Design, Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of A Family Of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 (Eaat3) Preferring Inhibitors, Terri Lynn Mavencamp

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This work describes the synthesis and initial characterization of the biological activity of a family of EAAT3 preferring inhibitors, L-β-benzyl aspartate (L-β-BA) and L-β-BA derivatives. L-β-BA and derivatives were initially synthesized in an approximate 2:1 ratio of diasteromers (threo:erythro), using base promoted enolate addition. Kinetic analysis of 3H-D-aspartate uptake into C17.2 cells expressing the hEAATs demonstrated that L-threo-β-BA is the more potent diastereomer (Ki values of 9 µM for EAAT1, 10.0 µM for EAAT2 and 0.8 µM for EAAT3), acts competitively, and exhibits a 10-fold preference for EAAT3 compared to EAAT1 and EAAT2. Electrophysiological recordings of EAAT-mediated currents in Xenopus …

Differential Growth Of Body Components Among Coexisting Passerines In Response To Nest Predation Risk, Yi-Ru Cheng

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Environmental sources of mortality can exert strong selection pressures on growth strategies across taxa. Studies of growth responses need to consider multiple body components because components can compete for resources during growth in an integrated growth strategy. However, such studies are lacking and little is known about the extent to which body components may differ in their growth responses to environmental selection pressures. Theory predicts that growth of body components with relatively higher advantages for survival should be prioritized. For example, increases in time dependent mortality, like nest predation risk in birds, should favor growth of body features that enhance …

Causes And Consequences Of The Postfire Increase In Deer Mouse (Peromyscus Maniculatus) Abundance, Rafal Pawel Zwolak

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Wildfire triggers an increase in deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) abundance. Here, I describe this phenomenon, investigate its causes, and explore the consequences of the postfire increase in mice for conifer recruitment in burned forest. I documented a shift in small mammal communities away from more specialized species such as red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) and shrews (Sorex spp.) and towards greater abundance of generalist deer mice after a wildfire in montane forest. I conducted a meta-analysis of published studies on the abundance of small mammals in disturbed versus undisturbed forests and established that the pattern of increased deer mouse abundance holds …

Changes In Osteoarthritis Of The Elbow And Shoulder Joints In Women When Trasitioning From Hunting And Gathering To An Agricultural Subsistence, Kirsten Anne Green

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Changes in bone morphology have always been a concern of physical anthropologists who are trying to explain a culture's everyday activity. These types of changes, including arthritic and musculoskeletal, are based on subjective observation of the researcher and therefore subject to observer error. I used three samples; the Indian Knoll sample, the Nutwood and Rosedale Mound sample, and a control sample from the Terry collection I was able to employ a scoring method based on Hawkey (1988). This current research uses the scoring method for arthritic changes in women to test for changes in patterns of distribution and/or severity when …

Age At Death Estimation From The Sacral Side Of The Sacroiliac Joint, Misty Marie Keahi Rego

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This thesis presents a new method of age estimation in adult human skeletal remains based on age related degenerative changes of the sacral side of the sacro iliac joint. It is inspired by the existing method of aging based on age related degenerative changes of the iliac side of the sacro iliac joint developed by Lovejoy et al. (1985). This new method uses a ten-year-wide incremental scale of age estimation. The development and testing of this method was done using the Documented Collection from the University of New Mexico's Maxwell Museum of Anthropology. Results suggest that utilizing sacral deterioration to …

Developing A New Curriculum In Sport Security Management, Stacey A. Hall, Rosalie Ward, Trey Cunningham, Lou Marciani

Faculty Publications

High profile sporting events in the United States have been identified by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as potential terrorist targets (Lipton, 2005). However, there has been an identified lack of training and education for key personnel responsible for sport security operations (Cunningham, 2007). Recognizing the demand and need for a specialized area in sport event security management, the University of Southern Mississippi School of Human Performance and Recreation developed an emphasis area in sports event security management as part of the Master of Science in Sport Management program. The sport security emphasis area includes three graduate level courses …

Frequency And Predictors Of False Conviction: Why We Know So Little, And New Data On Capital Cases, Samuel R. Gross, Barbara O'Brien

Articles

In the first part of this article, we address the problems inherent in studying wrongful convictions: our pervasive ignorance and the extreme difficulty of obtaining the data that we need to answer even basic questions. The main reason that we know so little about false convictions is that, by definition, they are hidden from view. As a result, it is nearly impossible to gather reliable data on the characteristics or even the frequency of false convictions. In addition, we have very limited data on criminal investigations and prosecutions in general, so even if we could somehow obtain data on cases …

An Analysis Of The Gypsy Moth Event Monitor Modified Forest Vegetation Simulator And The Stand Damage Model Using Empirical Long-Term Measurement Plot Data From The Appalachian Hardwood And The Atlantic Coastal Plain Mixed Pine-Hardwood Regions., Matthew Paul Perkowski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Predictions based on the Gypsy Moth Event Monitor and the Stand Damage Model were compared to remeasurement plot data from long-term studies which received gypsy moth defoliation. Data were from three studies located in the Appalachian hardwood region and the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Projection errors, in terms of trees per acre and basal area per acre, were examined. The Stand Damage Model underestimated trees per acre and basal area per acre for all simulated stands. The Gypsy Moth Event Monitor modified Forest Vegetation Simulator underestimated defoliation events, especially those of high intensity; however, these errors were often reduced over time …

Religious Extremism And International Legal Norms: Perfidy, Preemption, And Irrationality, Louis Rene Beres

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Psychological, Theological, And Thanatological Aspects Of Suicidal Terrorism, J. S. Piven

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Cyber Embargo: Countering The Internet Jihad, Gregory S. Mcneal

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

The Wheel Garden: Project Based Learning For Cross Curriculum Education, Sherry S. Herron, Douglas Magomo, Paula Rae Gossard

Faculty Publications

In this article, we discuss project-based learning in the context of a wheel garden as an instructional tool in science and mathematics education. A wheel garden provides multiple opportunities to teach across the curriculum, to integrate disciplines, and to promote community involvement. Grounded in the theoretical framework of constructivism, the wheel garden provides a multidisciplined educational tool that provides a hands-on, non-traditional arena for learning. We will examine some of the cultural, art, science, and mathematics connections made with this project

Introduction, Daniel S. Medwed

Utah Law Review

The aforementioned essays will contribute significantly to the scholarship in the field of wrongful convictions. Even more, my hope is that these contributions bring some of the issues wrought by the coming dawn of the post- DNA age into the light of day.

Framing Wrongful Convictions, Susan S. Bandes

Utah Law Review

Concern over wrongful convictions has led to an “innocence movement” that has managed to bridge ideological divides, rouse people to action, and achieve unprecedented success in reforming the operation of the death penalty. In this short Article, written as part of the symposium “Beyond Biology: Wrongful Convictions in a Post-DNA World,” I consider the fraught terms of the debate about the content of the category of wrongful convictions. Delineating the category raises two controversial issues: who should be considered wrongly convicted, and how to characterize the governmental misconduct that leads to these miscarriages of justice. This Article considers whether it …

Legislative Update: Utah’S Exoneration And Innocence Assistance Bill, Creighton C. Horton Ii

Utah Law Review

The advent of DNA testing has brought with it a unique opportunity, not only to exonerate and free those who have been convicted and sentenced for crimes they did not commit, but also to study how justice has gone awry in those cases. In recognition of the power of DNA testing to exonerate, the Utah Legislature passed a bill in 2001 entitled “Postconviction Testing of DNA,” which established a mechanism for people wrongfully convicted of felonies to seek exoneration through DNA technology.1 The Utah Legislature, in its 2008 General Session, just passed a bill that will provide vital assistance to …

Providing A Safe Harbor For Those Who Play By The Rules: The Case For A Strong Regulatory Compliance Defense, Richard C. Ausness

Utah Law Review

On September 25, 2003, a fire broke out at the National Health Care (NHC) nursing home facility in Nashville, Tennessee, causing sixteen deaths and a number of injuries from smoke inhalation.1 Thirty-two victims subsequently filed suit against the nursing home, alleging that NHC was negligent for failing to install sprinklers in its facility.2 This claim was made notwithstanding the fact that applicable federal, state, and local safety regulations did not require the installation of sprinklers in this particular type of building, and notwithstanding that the NHC facility had been inspected by state fire inspectors just months before the fire and …

Kelo, Parents And The Spatialization Of Color (Blindness) In The Berman-Brown Metropolitan Heterotopia, Tom I. Romero, Ii

Utah Law Review

This article opened by pointing out what on its face seemed to be inconsistencies between Justice Clarence Thomas's opinions in Kelo and Parents. As the rest of the article has attempted to demo.nstrate, however, the color consciousness and color blindness of Justice Thomas in each case was the predictable consequence of the spatial con~truction of metropolitan space in the period between Berman-Brown and Kelo-Parents. This era opened diffidently. Whereas Brown and subsequent school litigation. represented the potential for a fundamental challenge to White supremacy, Berman's color-blind deference to urban and metropolitan fractionalization made it increasingly difficult to overcome the multicolor …

An Investigation Into The Population Genetics And Ecology Of Gracilariopsis Longissima (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) Around The South West Peninsula Of Britain, Tean Jane Mitchell

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

For the conservation and management of natural resources, a detailed knowledge of the ecology and genetics of individual species is essential. Red seaweeds are an important component of marine ecosystems but few species have been the focus of research. Gracilariopsis longissima is a poorly studied member of a family of agarophytes of commercial importance, although it is thought to occur commonly around the coast of Britain. This report provides new information about the ecology and population genetics of the species with the identification of 11 populations around the coasts of Devon and Cornwall, seven of which were in the Fal …

Linking Biotic Activity To Ecosystem Functioning, Jeanette Sanders

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The central theme of this thesis was the search for ecologically meaningful ways to quantify the relationships between the biota and ecosystem processes. This thesis investigated whether a "functional group" approach, that characterised the fauna according to similarities in their activities, could be successfully employed to quantifiably link species' performance to important ecosystem processes. Initially the abilities of traditional "trophic" and "bioturbatory" categories to characterise the estuarine macrobenthic fauna and discriminate between estuarine sites were examined. This thesis determined that the perceived inter-site similarity within an estuary varied according to the function being investigated and that the apparent associations between …

Characterisation Of Latent Infections In Aquatic Cyanobacteria And Microalgae, Jayme Elizabeth Lohr

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Aquatic photosynthetic microorganisms were surveyed (algae and cyanobacteria) for novel lysogenic/latent viruses and new methodology was established, using a variety of techniques such as AFC, electron microscopy, and molecular tools. The first study assessed Symbiodinium sp. cultures as a model system to investigate the induction of potential latent vi ruses. The study of Symbiodinium sp. showed that ca. 37% of the strains tested had a group of filamentous VLPs that is inducible by UV-C treatment. Extrapolation of this virus-host interaction and its effects on zooxanthellae viability provides a novel link to the impact of latent infection on symbiotic dinoflagellates of …