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2008

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Reviving Marriage: Could We? Should We?, Marsha Garrison Jan 2008

Reviving Marriage: Could We? Should We?, Marsha Garrison

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Geographic Differences In Accessibility To Renal Treatment Among Black And White Populations Within Network 6 Of The End Stage Renal Disease Networks, Shenee J. Reid Jan 2008

Geographic Differences In Accessibility To Renal Treatment Among Black And White Populations Within Network 6 Of The End Stage Renal Disease Networks, Shenee J. Reid

All ETDs from UAB

Objective: This study examined relationships between racial composition of zip codes and the geographic accessibility to dialysis centers of Network 6 of the End Stage Renal Disease Networks. Study Design: Geographic accessibility to renal care (hemodialysis) was defined as the average distance between the centers of zip codes where dialysis patients reside and the dialysis centers that fall within a 30 mile buffer radius. Data Sources: This research studies the distribution of 33,536 patients, 1,798 zip codes, and 546 dialysis centers in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina as of December 31, 2007. Information and data concerning the dialysis centers …

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Gender Justice Through Public Interest Litigation: Case Studies From India, Avani M. Sood Jan 2008

Gender Justice Through Public Interest Litigation: Case Studies From India, Avani M. Sood

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This Article examines the application of the Supreme Court of India's enterprising Public Interest Litigation (PIL) mechanism to a subject of compelling global concern: violations of women's rights. India is currently receiving much international attention for its dynamism and innovation on various fronts, yet the country also remains steeped in centuries-old norms and conventions. This tension is reflected in the decisions of the Supreme Court, which has assumed an active role in enforcing women's rights through PIL but is sometimes limited in this regard by the complex cultural context in which it operates. Based on an analysis of Indian constitutional …

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The Interpretation Game, Robert E. Rodes Jan 2008

The Interpretation Game, Robert E. Rodes

Journal Articles

Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, embarking on a powerful critique of John Stuart Mill, says: "In stating the grounds of one's dissent from wide-spread and influential opinions it is absolutely necessary to take some definite statement of those opinions as a starting point, and it is natural to take the ablest, the most reasonable, and the clearest." This is my justification for reviewing the present work. My disagreement with it is broad and deep, but, unlike many proponents of similar views, Professor Benson writes clearly and without jargon, and he brings to his work the experience of a working lawyer and …

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Development And Reform Of The Iraqi Police Forces, C. Anthony Pfaff Dr. Jan 2008

Development And Reform Of The Iraqi Police Forces, C. Anthony Pfaff Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Despite 4 years of millions of dollars in aid, equipment, education, and advisors, Iraqi police force development lags far behind the military. Numerous reasons are offered to account for this gap: corrupt practices left over from the previous regime, infiltration by militias, weak leadership, competition by better armed and organized criminal and militant groups, and so on. However, the military is also subject to these same influences, thus none of these explanations by themselves or in combination are satisfactory. The author argues that the poor political and security environment impacts social, political, and cultural factors in ways that are predictable, …

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A Comparison Of Oral Motor And Production Training For Children With Speech Sound Disorders, Karen Forrest, Jenya Iuzzini-Seigel Jan 2008

A Comparison Of Oral Motor And Production Training For Children With Speech Sound Disorders, Karen Forrest, Jenya Iuzzini-Seigel

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

Despite the many debates about the usefulness of nonspeech oral motor exercises (NSOMEs) in the treatment of speech disorders, few controlled experiments have evaluated their efficacy in the remediation of phonological/articulatory disorders (PADs). More importantly, the relative effect of NSOMEs compared with traditional production treatment (PT) has not been established. The current study employed an alternating treatment design to evaluate changes in production of sounds targeted by NSOMEs and PT in nine children with PAD. Each subject received treatment on two linguistically distinct sounds in which one sound was treated with NSOMEs and the second sound was targeted with PT. …

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Empathy And Compassion, Richard Warner Jan 2008

Empathy And Compassion, Richard Warner

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

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Anomie And The Marketing Function: The Role Of Control Mechanisms, Amit Saini, Mike Krush, Jean L. Johnson Jan 2008

Anomie And The Marketing Function: The Role Of Control Mechanisms, Amit Saini, Mike Krush, Jean L. Johnson

Department of Marketing: Faculty Publications

The theoretical notion of anomie is used to examine the impact of top management’s control mechanisms on the environment of the marketing function. Based on a literature review and in-depth field interviews with marketing managers in diverse industries, a conceptual model is proposed that incorporates the two managerial control mechanisms, viz. output and process control, and relates their distinctive influence to anomie in the marketing function. Three contingency variables, i.e., resource scarcity, power, and ethics codification, are proposed to moderate the relationship between control mechanisms and anomie. The authors also argue for the link between anomic environments and the propensity …

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Getting Past Conflict Resolution: A Complexity View Of Conflict, Leticia Andrade, Donde Ashmos Plowman, Dennis Duchon Jan 2008

Getting Past Conflict Resolution: A Complexity View Of Conflict, Leticia Andrade, Donde Ashmos Plowman, Dennis Duchon

Department of Management: Faculty Publications

The traditional view of conflict, as a problematic condition always requiring reduction or elimination and whose conditions or outcomes can be predicted, is incompatible with a complex adaptive systems view of organizations. Thus, conventional approaches to reducing conflict are often futile because the fundamental properties of complex adaptive systems are the source of much organizational ‘conflict.’ In this paper we offer an alternative view of conflict as pattern fluctuations in complex adaptive systems. Rather than needing reduction or elimination, conflict is the fuel that drives system growth and enables learning and adaptive behaviors, making innovation possible. Instead of focusing on …

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The Utility Of Transactional And Transformational Leadership For Predicting Performance And Satisfaction Within A Path-Goal Theory Framework, Robert P. Vecchio, Joseph E. Justin, Craig L. Pearce Jan 2008

The Utility Of Transactional And Transformational Leadership For Predicting Performance And Satisfaction Within A Path-Goal Theory Framework, Robert P. Vecchio, Joseph E. Justin, Craig L. Pearce

Department of Management: Faculty Publications

In a test of hypotheses derived from the integration of principles of path-goal theory (House, 1996) and transformational leadership theory (Bass, 1985), data collected from 179 high school teachers and their principals were examined with hierarchical regression analysis. Augmentation analysis indicated that transactional leadership had a stronger role in explaining unique criterion variance beyond the contribution of transformational leadership, than did transformational leadership relative to transactional leadership. In addition, both the transactional and transformational leadership had a negative interactive relationship for predicting the outcome of performance, such that leader vision and leader intellectual stimulation were more positively correlated with employee …

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Simulations With Elaborated Worked Example Modeling: Beneficial Effects On Schema Acquisition, Debra K. Meier, Karl J. Reinhard, David O. Carter, David W. Brooks Jan 2008

Simulations With Elaborated Worked Example Modeling: Beneficial Effects On Schema Acquisition, Debra K. Meier, Karl J. Reinhard, David O. Carter, David W. Brooks

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Worked examples have been effective in enhancing learning outcomes, especially with novice learners. Most of this research has been conducted in laboratory settings. This study examined the impact of embedding elaborated worked example modeling in a computer simulation practice activity on learning achievement among 39 undergraduate students within a classroom environment. The students from one introductory forensic science course were randomly assigned to one of two groups that worked through computer-based simulations containing worked example modeling conditions presented in varied order. The computer software administered the modeled simulations, prior knowledge test, pretest, posttests, and a second domain test. Findings from …

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Computation Of A Face Attractiveness Index Based On Neoclassical Canons, Symmetry, And Golden Ratios, Kendra Schmid, David Marx, Ashok Samal Jan 2008

Computation Of A Face Attractiveness Index Based On Neoclassical Canons, Symmetry, And Golden Ratios, Kendra Schmid, David Marx, Ashok Samal

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

Analysis of attractiveness of faces has long been a topic of research. Literature has identified many different factors that can be related to attractiveness. In this research we analyze the role of symmetry, neoclassical canons, and golden ratio in the determination of attractiveness of a face. We focus on the geometry of a face and use actual faces for our analysis. We find there are some differences in the criteria used by males and females to determine attractiveness. The model we have developed to predict the attractiveness of a face using its geometry is accurate with low residual errors.

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Food Insecurity And Maternal Depression In Rural, Low-Income Families: A Longitudinal Investigation, Catherine Huddleston-Casas, Richard Charnigo, Leigh Ann Simmons Jan 2008

Food Insecurity And Maternal Depression In Rural, Low-Income Families: A Longitudinal Investigation, Catherine Huddleston-Casas, Richard Charnigo, Leigh Ann Simmons

Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools: Faculty Publications

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between household food insecurity and maternal depression in a rural sample to determine whether food insecurity predicted mothers’ depression over time or vice versa.

Design: The study employed a prospective design using three waves of data from ‘Rural Families Speak’, a multi-state study of low-income rural families in the USA. Food insecurity was measured using the Core Food Security Module and depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale. A structural equation model was fit to the data using the AMOS software package.

Setting: Sixteen states …

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A 20-Year Plan For Hunter/Angler Recruitment, Development And Retention In Nebraska, Mark Pinkerton, Ron Stave, Mick Jensen, James Ziebarth, Jerrod Burke, Lynn Berggren, George Hall, Kent Forney Jan 2008

A 20-Year Plan For Hunter/Angler Recruitment, Development And Retention In Nebraska, Mark Pinkerton, Ron Stave, Mick Jensen, James Ziebarth, Jerrod Burke, Lynn Berggren, George Hall, Kent Forney

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications (to 2015)

Hunting and fishing are important parts of Nebraska’s rich heritage. These time-honored outdoor pursuits are important to overall lifestyle, well-being and natural resources of the citizens of Nebraska. The North American Model for Conservation was based primarily on the activism from our nation’s hunters and anglers. Their role helped develop and instill the seven basic premises of the model: Wildlife is to be held in public trust, there should be an elimination of market hunting, wildlife should be allocated by law, there should be hunting/angling opportunities for all citizens, wildlife should only be killed for legitimate reasons, wildlife should be …

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Short-Term Memory, Working Memory, And Executive Functioning In Preschoolers: Longitudinal Predictors Of Mathematical Achievement At Age 7 Years, Rebecca Bull, Kimberly Andrews Espy, Sandra A. Wiebe Jan 2008

Short-Term Memory, Working Memory, And Executive Functioning In Preschoolers: Longitudinal Predictors Of Mathematical Achievement At Age 7 Years, Rebecca Bull, Kimberly Andrews Espy, Sandra A. Wiebe

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examined whether measures of short-term memory, working memory, and executive functioning in preschool children predict later proficiency in academic achievement at 7 years of age (third year of primary school). Children were tested in preschool (M age = 4 years, 6 months) on a battery of cognitive measures, and mathematics and reading outcomes (from standardized, norm-referenced school-based assessments) were taken on entry to primary school, and at the end of the first and third year of primary school. Growth curve analyses examined predictors of math and reading achievement across the duration of the study and revealed that …

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Contributions Of Children’S Temperament To Teachers’ Judgments Of Social Competence From Kindergarten Through Second Grade, Kathleen Moritz Rudasill, Timothy R. Konold Jan 2008

Contributions Of Children’S Temperament To Teachers’ Judgments Of Social Competence From Kindergarten Through Second Grade, Kathleen Moritz Rudasill, Timothy R. Konold

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Research Findings: Children’s social competence has been linked to successful transition to formal school. The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of children’s temperament to teachers’ ratings of their social competence from kindergarten through 2nd grade. Children (N = 1,364) from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Research Network participated in this study. Mothers rated children’s shyness, attentional focusing, and inhibitory control with the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire at 4½ years, and teachers rated children’s social competence with three subscales (cooperation, assertion, and self-control) of the Social Skills Rating System at …

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Addressing Research Gaps In The Intersection Between Homophobia And Bullying, Dorothy L. Espelage, Susan M. Swearer Napolitano Jan 2008

Addressing Research Gaps In The Intersection Between Homophobia And Bullying, Dorothy L. Espelage, Susan M. Swearer Napolitano

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Bullying, aggression, and peer victimization among adolescents are significant public health concerns. Recent research has demonstrated that bullying and peer victimization sometimes include homophobic epithets directed at heterosexual and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth. It appears that being at the receiving end of homophobic banter generally contributes to worse outcomes among youth. This article highlights methodological issues in conducting research with LGBT youth, and stresses the importance of using theoretically and empirically supported definitions, including youth who are sexually questioning, focusing on multiple social and cultural contexts, and examining how support networks serve as buffering agents with regard …

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Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Use And Perceived Use In Non-Athlete College Students, Joseph M. Berning, Kent J. Adams, Mark Debeliso, Bryant A. Stamford, Ian Newman Jan 2008

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Use And Perceived Use In Non-Athlete College Students, Joseph M. Berning, Kent J. Adams, Mark Debeliso, Bryant A. Stamford, Ian Newman

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: The authors investigated the use and perceived use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) among nonathlete college students. Participants: The authors surveyed a sample of 485 nonathlete college students at a major metropolitan university. Methods: They administered a survey on use and perceived use of AAS to the students. Results: Forty-two participants (9%) reported using AAS (37 men, 5 women). Seniors were the most likely to use AAS (36%), and freshman the least likely (7%). Thirty-four percent of nonusers and 41% of users indicated they knew between 1 and 5 AAS users. Of the total sample, 36% perceived that 5% …

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Self-Harm, Substance Abuse And Age: Relatedness To Sexually Abusive Behaviors Toward Others By Juveniles, Tara K. Cossel Jan 2008

Self-Harm, Substance Abuse And Age: Relatedness To Sexually Abusive Behaviors Toward Others By Juveniles, Tara K. Cossel

Department of Psychology: Presentations

The present study analyzes three factors as they relate to functioning: selfharm, substance abuse and age. Research has shown girls highest in mid-adolescent selfharm are those who engage in high levels of bullying (Barker, Arseneault, Brendgen, Fontaine, & Maughan, 2008). Little research has been done to analyze specific behaviors toward others among adolescents who self-harm. Dembo, la Voie, Schmeidler, & Washburn (1987) found a positive correlation between antisocial orientation and illicit drug use. Further research was done to understand the nature of behaviors and functioning of juveniles who abuse substances. Johnson (1988) found a history of substance abuse in the …

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How Does Age Affect Baseline Screening Mammography Performance Measures? A Decision Model, James Keen, John D. Keen Jan 2008

How Does Age Affect Baseline Screening Mammography Performance Measures? A Decision Model, James Keen, John D. Keen

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: In order to promote consumer-oriented informed medical decision-making regarding screening mammography, we created a decision model to predict the age dependence of the cancer detection rate, the recall rate and the secondary performance measures (positive predictive values, total intervention rate, and positive biopsy fraction) for a baseline mammogram.
Methods: We constructed a decision tree to model the possible outcomes of a baseline screening mammogram in women ages 35 to 65. We compared the single baseline screening mammogram decision with the no screening alternative. We used the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results national cancer database as the primary input to …

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Nicarbazin Bait Reduces Reproduction By Pigeons (Columba Livia), Michael L. Avery, Kandy L. Keacher, Eric A. Tillman Jan 2008

Nicarbazin Bait Reduces Reproduction By Pigeons (Columba Livia), Michael L. Avery, Kandy L. Keacher, Eric A. Tillman

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Development of effective methods for reducing populations of overabundant nuisance bird species continues to challenge wildlife biologists. Reproductive inhibition, although conceptually pleasing, has been difficult to implement because of the lack of a safe, approved avian contraceptive. Recently, however, nicarbazin received regulatory approval in the United States for use as a bait to decrease hatchability of resident Canada goose (Branta canadensis) and feral pigeon (Columba livia) eggs. In anticipation of the feral pigeon registration, we evaluated efficacy by exposing captive pairs of nesting pigeons to nicarbazin bait for 4 h daily. Egg production was unaffected, but …

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Viewing Rural Female Superintendents Through An Efficacy Lens, Jean M. Haar, John Palladino, Marilyn Grady, Kaye Lynn Peery Jan 2008

Viewing Rural Female Superintendents Through An Efficacy Lens, Jean M. Haar, John Palladino, Marilyn Grady, Kaye Lynn Peery

Department of Educational Administration: Faculty Publications

Rural education is an important part of the American educational system. As noted in the Rural Trust report, Why Rural Matters 2003: The Continuing Need for Every State to Take Action on Rural Education: "Forty~three percent of the nation's public schools are in rural communities or small towns of fewer than 25,000 people, and 31 percent of the nation's children attend these schools". Rural schools are facing a number of challenges. Common concerns among rural schools are poverty, changing demographics, and declining numbers. They are also faced with the issues of accountability and mandates from No Child Left Behind. The …

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Memory In Food Caching Animals, Alan C. Kamil, Kristy L. Gould Jan 2008

Memory In Food Caching Animals, Alan C. Kamil, Kristy L. Gould

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

One of the more interesting developments in the study of learning and cognition over the past 25 years has been the realization that learning and memory play an important role in the natural world of many animals. As this realization led to research into animal cognition in natural settings, it became clear that such research can make important contributions to our understanding of animal and human cognition. In this chapter, we review one of the areas of research that originally stimulated interest in the role of memory in the field, the ability of many food-storing animals to remember where they …

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Incorporating Value And Risk Management Principles In Developing Low-Income Housing Projects, Ayman Ahmed Ezzat Othman Jan 2008

Incorporating Value And Risk Management Principles In Developing Low-Income Housing Projects, Ayman Ahmed Ezzat Othman

Architectural Engineering

The construction industry is concerned with satisfying its customers’ needs through delivering projects that achieve their objectives and meet their expectations on time, within budget and as specified. Despite the several housing programmes constructed by government authorities, there is a real housing problem for the poor. This problem is attributed to a number of reasons. Amongst them, the inability of the low-incomers to cover the cost of supplied houses and the lack of the constructed projects to achieve users’ satisfaction. This highlighted the need to develop innovative and creative solutions that can deliver housing projects that achieve the satisfaction of …

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Technology Support For The Classroom: Technology Alternatives To The Traditional Classroom, Michael L. Gibson, Mari W. Buche, Jerry J. Waite Jan 2008

Technology Support For The Classroom: Technology Alternatives To The Traditional Classroom, Michael L. Gibson, Mari W. Buche, Jerry J. Waite

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

As technology continues to advance, instructors in higher education are able to enhance course instruction. Course support tools can be customized to meet the needs of the instructor, including file sharing, grade tracking, communicating, and making announcements. Blended learning advances course enhancements to include integrated solutions such as links to electronic textbooks and assignments. The most advanced use of technology for educational purposes is found in the distance learning format. This paper describes various uses of technology to support classroom instruction. Examples are provided.

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Validating An End-User Computing Satisfaction Instrument: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach Using International Data, Kee-Sook Lim, Jeen-Su Lim, John H. Heinrichs Jan 2008

Validating An End-User Computing Satisfaction Instrument: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach Using International Data, Kee-Sook Lim, Jeen-Su Lim, John H. Heinrichs

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

This study evaluates the construct validity of an end-user computing satisfaction scale in the context of the Korean culture. The structure and dimensionality, reliability and validity of an end-user computing satisfaction (EUCS) instrument were cross-validated using data obtained from 108 managers of Korean firms in the context of the end-user satisfaction with their office information system. The results of this study are generally consistent with previous findings regarding the measurement property of this instrument. However, Korean data also supports the five correlated first-order factors model. Managerial and research implications of the identified results are discussed.

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Identifying Opportunities In Multilingual Business Environments Using Environmental Scanning And Text Mining Techniques, Jody Strong, Kaushik Ghosh, Sumali Conlon Jan 2008

Identifying Opportunities In Multilingual Business Environments Using Environmental Scanning And Text Mining Techniques, Jody Strong, Kaushik Ghosh, Sumali Conlon

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

The identification of opportunities for growth can be made easier if comprehensive information relevant to the business environment is available to managers. Such recognition of business opportunities can also help sustain competitive advantage. Information relevant to business environment is usually written and posted in many languages and can be accessed from many sources. The collection of this information is time consuming and labor intensive and techniques such as environmental scanning that are proposed in previous research can facilitate this information search. In this study, we propose a technique to automatically perform tasks using text mining tools that search, translate, and …

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State And Context-Dependent Information Management And Wealth Accumulation: An Information Analysis Of The Billionaires Between Taiwan And China, Ben-Chieh Liu, Lee-Hsuan Lin Jan 2008

State And Context-Dependent Information Management And Wealth Accumulation: An Information Analysis Of The Billionaires Between Taiwan And China, Ben-Chieh Liu, Lee-Hsuan Lin

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

From the Forbes Magazine survey of the world’s 538 richest, seventy seven (77) or about 14.4% were identified as born in Asia (Asia Week, June 28, 2001). In addition, the top 100 billionaires (in $NT) in Taiwan, 2001 and 2002 were surveyed by Taiwan Smart Monthly magazine ( Nov 11, 2002) and another top 100 billionaires in China (in U.S dollars) were reported by the Forbes magazine in 2004. This paper utilizes Liu ,Lin, Lee and Chou’s (1996) state and context dependent information management model specification (Joseph & John, 2006), and equity account dependent variables to study the underlying intercultural …

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Dimensionality Of Thoughts Of Death And Suicide: Evidence From A Study Of Homeless Adolescents, Kevin A. Yoder, Les B. Whitbeck, Dan R. Hoyt Jan 2008

Dimensionality Of Thoughts Of Death And Suicide: Evidence From A Study Of Homeless Adolescents, Kevin A. Yoder, Les B. Whitbeck, Dan R. Hoyt

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

This study used data from a sample of 444 homeless adolescents to determine whether thoughts of death and suicide form one construct (unidimensionality) or two distinct but correlated constructs (multi-dimensionality). Thoughts of death and suicide were common in the sample; over two-thirds of the adolescents positively endorsed at least one of the eight death-or suicide-related items. Evidence regarding dimensionality was mixed. Exploratory factor analysis results and similarity coefficients supported one construct; confirmatory factor analysis and external consistency results provided evidence for two constructs. The results were reconciled by considering suicidality as a continuum from thoughts of death to suicidal ideation, …

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Poor Teenagers’ Religion, Philip Schwadel Jan 2008

Poor Teenagers’ Religion, Philip Schwadel

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Empirical research has ignored the effects of poverty on adolescent religion even though children are far more likely than adults to live in poverty in the United States. The current research demonstrates considerable differences in the religious activities and religious viewpoints of poor and non-poor American teenagers. Analysis of National Study of Youth and Religion survey data shows that while poor teenagers are especially likely to pray, read religious scriptures, and report high levels of personal faith, they are unlikely to regularly participate in organized religious activities. Other findings include poor teenagers’ emphasis on role reversal in the afterlife, their …

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