Digital Commons Network^™

Multijet Cross Sections In Charged Current E±P Scattering At Hera, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, D. Nicholass, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, M. Jechow, N. Pavel, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, F. Cindolo, M. Corradi, G. Iacobucci, A. Margotti, R. Nania, A. Polini, S. Antonelli, M. Basile, M. Bindi, L. Cifarelli, A. Contin, S. De Pasquale, G. Sartorelli, A. Zichichi, D. Bartsch

Faculty Publications

Jet cross sections were measured in charged-current deep inelastic e±p scattering at high boson virtualities Q2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA II using an integrated luminosity of 0.36fb-1. Differential cross sections are presented for inclusive-jet production as functions of Q2, Bjorken x and the jet transverse energy and pseudorapidity. The dijet invariant mass cross section is also presented. Observation of three- and four-jet events in charged-current e±p processes is reported for the first time. The predictions of next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD calculations are compared to the measurements. The measured inclusive-jet cross sections are well described in shape and normalization by …

On Autonomous Multi-Agent Control In Wilderness Search And Rescue: A Mixed Initiative Approach, Benjamin C. Hardin

Theses and Dissertations

Searching for lost people in a Wilderness Search and Rescue (WiSAR) scenario is a task that can benefit from large numbers of agents, some of whom may be robotic. These agents may have differing levels of autonomy, determined by the set of tasks they are performing. In addition, the level of autonomy that results in the best performance may change due to varying workload or other factors. Allowing a supervisor and a searcher to jointly decide the correct level of autonomy for a given situation (“mixed initiative”) results in better overall performance than giving an agent absolute control over their …

Magmatic Sulfur And Chlorine Abundances At Stromboli, Italy And Their Role In The Formation Of Vesicle-Hosted Metal Alloys, Nichelle Lynn Baxter

Theses and Dissertations

Strand et al. (2002) discovered small metal alloy grains rich in Cu, Co, and Sn (maximum size 150 µm) in vesicles of lava from Kilauea Volcano. These alloys are also found in basaltic rocks of several Italian volcanoes. To better understand the origin of these metal-rich grains, bombs from Stromboli Volcano were examined. Two bomb types were collected from Stromboli: pumiceous bombs and scoriaceous bombs. Bulk rock trace element geochemistry indicates that there are no significant differences in Cu, Co, or Sn (the three major components of the metal alloys) between the pumiceous and scoriaceous bombs. Comparison of olivine melt …

B-Spline Boundary Element Method For Ships, Aditya Mohan Aggarwal

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

The development of a three dimensional B-Spline based method, which is suitable for the steady-state potential flow analysis of free surface piercing bodies in hydrodynamics, is presented. The method requires the B-Spline or Non Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) representation of the body as an input. In order to solve for the unknown potential, the source surface, both for the body as well as the free surface, is represented by NURBS surfaces. The method does not require the body surface to be discritized into flat panels. Therefore, instead of a mere panel approximation, the exact body geometry is utilized for the …

Analysis Of Minnesota Students' Mathematical Literacy On Timss, Naep, And Mn Bst., Timothy John Harms

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the current definitions of mathematical literacy and how three tests: the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), and the Minnesota Basic Skills Test (BST) measure this mathematical literacy. The testing identified all occurs at the eighth grade level. Testing is likely to increase with the “No Child Left Behind” Act that the Federal government has signed and states are expected to meet. A review of the literature was conducted on the definition of mathematical literacy. Minnesota students' achievement on the three tests was compared in their strengths and weaknesses …

An Investigation Into Aversions Toward Mathematics Affecting Entry-Level Mathematics Students Seeking Non -Math, Non -Science Degrees., Michael James Simmers

Theses and Dissertations

A large portion of the college student population often struggle with learning pre-calculus mathematics. There are a multitude of reasons why students struggle with mathematics, one of which is having a general dislike, often expressed as a hatred, of mathematics. When students enroll in a mathematics course with preconditioned judgments, it is quite likely to affect their confidence and success rate in the course. This study will investigate the origins of when, where, and why the aversion to mathematics began for students. Students from Intermediate Algebra (M102) courses (154) and a Calculus II (M166) course (10) voluntarily filled out the …

Spatially Resolved Optical Absorption Spectrometry And Single Crystal Diffraction On Metamict Materials, Alison Savage, Oliver Tschauner, Sergey Tkachev

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

A major goal in developing storage medium for radioactive waste is the identification of chemically suitable and durable material for storage in repositories (Lumpkin 2006). Radiation damage induces enhanced chemical diffusion and structural breakdown of the host materials, which can lead to contamination of the surrounding environment. During this project four different naturally occurring materials which are common carriers of thorium and uranium were examined : gadolinite, perrierite, allanite, and pyrochlore of which the first three are silicates and pyrochlore being an oxide. Their spectra and absorptions bands were examined to identify prominent features due to radiation damage. The goal …

Stereospecificity In Glucose Consumption: A New Approach To Martian Life Detection, Vienna R. Saccomanno, Henry J. Sun

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

In 1976, the Viking mission made a remarkable discovery: Martian soil was capable of decomposing an organic nutrient broth to carbon dioxide as if it contained live microorganisms. However, a biological interpretation of this finding is in apparent contradiction with the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer aboard the Viking landers, which showed Martian soil to be devoid of indigenous organics. To reconcile these findings, it has been hypothesized that unknown abiotic oxidants, such as peroxide and superoxide, are present on Mars and that they were responsible for its soil reactivity. The objective of this research is to develop a life detection method …

Potential Antimicrobial Properties Of The Cyanobacterium Microcoleus Vaginatus In Relationship To The Moss Bryum Argenteum, Crystal Erickson, Lloyd Stark

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

Biological soil crusts play important ecological roles in arid desert regions. These crusts cycle nutrients, prevent wind/water erosion, and form the basis of food chains and soil formation in desert communities. Primary components of these structures include two desert moss species Bryum argenteum and Syntrichia caninervis, and Microcoleus vaginatus, a cyanobacterium. Our Phase I experiment strongly suggests that in an environment of intense light, a condition of stress to Syntrichia caninervis, there is an increase in shoot regeneration when cyanobacteria are present compared to when they are absent. Microcoleus is a highly motile species and our lab observations of fewer …

Computational Studies Of H2, O2, And Co Adsorption On Pt And Pt-Ru Catalyst Clusters For Hydrogen Fuel Cell Applications, Huy Mai, T.J. Dhilip Kumar, P. Tarakeshwar, Naduvalath Balakrishnan

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

Previous computational studies of hydrogen fuel cell catalysis primarily focus on single adsorbate and therefore do not reflect the realistic situation. Here we investigated the effect of multiple hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon monoxide adsorption on bimetallic nanoclusters as allowed by computational resources. The criteria of which we studied were adsorption energies, electron densities, electrostatic charges, and HOMO-LUMO energy gaps with respect to each structure. We found that Pt-Ru clusters have better performance than pure Pt clusters early in the adsorption course, and pure Pt clusters are more consistent than Pt-Ru clusters in a sequence of adsorbate introduction.

Assessment Of Coliform Bacteria From Point And Nonpoint Sources In The Las Vegas Wash, Susan O'Neill, Kumud Acharya

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

This project focuses on an assessment of coliform bacteria from point and non point sources in Las Vegas Wash. Correlations between land use related runoffs, nutrients and organic matter loading and total coliform will be studied. Data will be collected for both daily low and high flow events. Sampling locations will cover all major land use types such as golf course, hotels, hospitals, residential areas, etc., at both the main Wash and its tributaries.

Heat Capacity And High Pressure Exploration Of Ybb2, Brant Abeln, Andrew Cornelius

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

The compound YbB2 has been reported to order anti-ferromagnetically at temperatures around 5.6 K. This transition was verified from heat capacity data taken in different magnetic fields by our Quantum Design PPMS system. X-ray diffraction measurements have been performed using this sample under different pressures at the APS facility in Argonne National Laboratory. A sudden change in resistivity measurements of the sample indicated a possible structural phase transition around 3 GPa. The data indicates the YbB2 compound is not responsible for the anomaly.

Raman Studies Of 1,3,5,7 Cyclooctatetraene At High Pressure, Martin Galley, Ed Romano, Sergey Tkachev, Michael Pravica

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

We performed Raman spectroscopic studies of 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene at elevated pressures up to 10 GPa with the aim of examining possible planarization of the molecule and further studying two prior-discovered phases of the solid with pressure. The Raman excitation source was a Krypton-ion laser operating at 674.1 nm (give wavelength).

1,3,5,7 Cyclooctatetraene has an octagonal formation however it is not aromatic or anti-aromatic (not a subject to the 4n+2 Huckel’s rule) [1]. As a result, its adopts a somewhat reactive tub shape. Upon the addition or removal of one to two electrons under ambient conditions, the molecule planarizes and becomes aromatic …

Magnetic Ordering Phase Transitions Of Gd2sn2o7, Gordon Tam, Andrew Cornelius, Daniel Antonio

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

Pyrochlores with magnetic rare earth ions are a topic of interest due to unusual results brought about by their high degree of geometrical frustration. The lattice structure prevents the magnetic spin interactions from finding a single minimum energy state, which leads to a nonzero residual entropy[1]. By analyzing the heat capacity at low temperatures, the type of magnetic interaction can be determined and the temperatures at which long-range magnetic ordering and magnetic field induced splitting of energy states occur.

An Investigation Of The Origin The Bimodal Distribution Of Optical Afterglow Luminosities Of Gamma-Ray Bursts, Tesla Birnbaum, Bing Zhang

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

The determination of which properties of gamma-ray bursts and the surrounding interstellar medium contribute to the observed bimodal distribution of optical afterglow luminosities will provide insight into the physical processes that give rise to the two families of optical afterglows. Making this determination will require a solid understanding of the standard afterglow model, as well as the use of a language such as C to create programs consisting of codes that perform calculations involving afterglow parameters and Monte Carlo simulations.

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs): the brightest sources of electromagnetic radiation since the Big Bang; also the most violent explosions in the …

Modeling The Deformation Of Fayalite, Greg Hoth, Mike Brawner, Pamela Burnley

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

We are studying how the mineral fayalite deforms under stress while it is subject to high pressures and temperatures. Specifically, we are analyzing x-ray diffraction spectra obtained from experiments with the D-DIA apparatus at Brookhaven national labs. By fitting peaks to the diffraction spectra, we can calculate the spacing between lattice planes of fayalite and so we can observe how this spacing changes over time as the crystal structure deforms We hope to show that this deformation can be modeled using an Elastic Plastic Self Consistent model. In such a model, the material is treated as a cluster of independently …

Phonon Density Of States Of Iron Solid Solutions At Ambient And High Pressures Using Nuclear Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (Nrixs), Samantha L. Combs, Elizabeth A. Tanis, Malcolm Nicol

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

Nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (NRIXS) of synchrotron radiation uses the energy transferred during the inelastic nuclear absorption of photons to determine phonon density of states for solid Mössbauer isotopes. This type of experiment can be conducted at ambient and high pressures with the use of a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and a rhenium gasket. Here, we are concerned with the phonon DOS of α-FePt 10% at pressures up to 30 GPa, as well as FeAl 4.3%, 6.4%, and 27.1% at ambient pressures. The iron samples used are doped in order to increase the pressure at which the alpha to …

A Study Of Nife(X)Cr(2-X)O4 By Laser Micro-Raman Spectroscopy, Lucas Wilson, Markus Vasquez, John Farley, Allen L. Johnson, Brian D. Hosterman

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

Standards of spinels, composed of two metals and oxygen with the formula AB2O4, are being created with known composition to identify spinels in samples of unknown composition by comparison with the spectra obtained from the standards. Laser micro-Raman spectroscopy allows the identification of chemical species based on their unique vibrational modes. The degree to which spinels of varying composition can be identified will be determined. This will aid in the study of the corrosion of steel by liquid metal. Spinels are a likely component of the oxide layer. Understanding the composition of the products of corrosion leads to an understanding …

Influence Of Nabh4 Reduction On The Hydrogen Storage Properties Of Aniline/Pd Composite Materials, Whitney Shofner, David W. Hatchett

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

The characterization and chemical synthesis of composites containing aniline and N-Phenylenediamine (NPPD), synthesized with palladium, will be analyzed according to recent studies [1] to confer hydrogen storage capabilities. The palladium metal will be introduced as either PdCl4 2- or PdCl2 2-. The experiments will be carried out under both acidic and non-acidic conditions forming a total of 8 different compounds. Each compound will be reduced with NaBH4 and analyzed using gas chromatography to measure hydrogen storage. Infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy will also be used to gather data concerning each compound.

Structural Studies Of Crsi2 At High Pressures And Temperatures, Weldu Gabrimicael, Ravhi S. Kumar, Andrew Cornelius

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

It is of extreme importance to develop new potential energy sources to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. As a result of this, the study of thermoelectric materials, capable of changing heat into electrical energy, has become a field of great interest regarding fundamental properties. To help better understand these materials, facilities for the measurement of relevant properties at high pressure have been developed, but lack the ability to characterize the materials at high temperature and pressure. Therefore, this project has the goal of developing a heater arrangement to be used in conjunction with the high pressure capabilities already developed to …

The Search For Ferroelectric Domain Structures In Carbohydrate Glasses Using Atomic Force Microscopy, Louis S. Prahl, David P. Shelton

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

D-glucose was studied as a possible candidate for ferroelectric domain imaging using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The large dipole moment of carbohydrates is such that they may show localized ferroelectric domain formation in liquid phase. Samples were heated at their melting point on glass slides and then left to cool to room temperature in a desiccator. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) was used to test the effectiveness of this method, and it was found that the oven preparation created samples with 41% crystallinity, where both a glass transition and sharp melting peak were observed. DTA was again used to find …

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program, University Of Nevada Las Vegas

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

No abstract provided.

High-Efficiency Resonant Rf Spin Rotator With Broad Phase Space Acceptance For Pulsed Polarized Cold Neutron Beams, P. N. Seo, L. Barron-Palos, J. D. Bowman, T. E. Chupp, C Crawford, M. Dabaghyan, M. Dawkins, S. J. Freedman, T. Gentile, M. T. Gericke, R. C. Gillis, G. L. Greene, F. William Hersman, G. L. Jones, M. Kandes, S. Lamoreaux, B. Lauss, M. B. Lueschner, R. Mahurin, M. Mason, J. Mei, G. S. Mitchell, H. Nann, S. A. Page, S. I. Penttila, W. D. Ramsay, A. Salas Bacci, S. Santra, M. Sharma, T. B. Smith, W. M. Snow, W. S. Wilburn, H. Zhu

Physics & Astronomy

High precision fundamental neutron physics experiments have been proposed for the intense pulsed spallation neutron beams at JSNS, LANSCE, and SNS to test the standard model and search for new physics. Certain systematic effects in some of these experiments have to be controlled at the few ppb level. The NPDGamma experiment, a search for the small parity-violating gamma-ray asymmetry A(gamma) in polarized cold neutron capture on parahydrogen, is one example. For the NPDGamma experiment we developed a radio-frequency resonant spin rotator to reverse the neutron polarization in a 9.5 cm x 9.5 cm pulsed cold neutron beam with high efficiency …

A New Index For Comparing The Diversity Of Population Inflows And Population Stocks, George Galster, Tatiana Homonoff

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Research Publications

The paper introduces a new “diversification index” (DIV), which compares the composition of the current or recent population inflow and the composition of pre-existing population stock, with positive (negative) values signifying a process generating more (less) diversity in the stock. Higher absolute values for DIV signify larger differences in the composition of the inflows and the pre-existing stocks of population. DIV is easy to compute and interpret, adaptable to handle population inflows or outflows, and widely applicable to a variety of phenomena.

The paper defines DIV, discusses its properties, and calculates it for several hypothetical cases as a way of …

Nanostructered Aminophenylporphyrin Films For Use In Bulk Heterojunction And Inverse Dye-Sensitized Tio₂ Solar Cells, Michael George Walter

Dissertations and Theses

Conductive nanostructured films of poly-tetrakis-5,10,15,20-(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP) can be grown electrochemically or through interfacial oxidative polymerization. The poly-TAPP nanomorphology is sensitive to the electrochemical solvent, potentiometric method, and the aminophenyl porphyrin monomer utilized. To elucidate the molecular structure of poly-TAPP and to correlate structures with proposed polymerization and conductivity mechanisms, reflectance FT-IR and spectroelectrochemistry were used to detect the presence and electroactivity of dihydrophenazine and phenazine polymer linkages formed during the polymerization.

Poly-TAPP nanofiber films were evaluated for use in a bulk heterojunction solar cell (with PCBM) and in an inverse dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cell using the poly-TAPP nanoporous scaffold to …

Search Of S3 Ligo Data For Gravitational Wave Signals From Spinning Black Hole And Neutron Star Binary Inspirals, B. Abbott, R. Abbott, R. Adhikari, J. Agresti, P. Ajith, B. Allen, R. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Arain, M. Araya, H. Armandula, M. Ashley, S. Aston, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, S. Ballmer, H. Bantilan, B. C. Barish, C. Barker, D. Barker, B. Barr, P. Barriga, M. A. Barton, K. Bayer, J. Betzwieser, P. T. Beyersdorf, B. Bhawal, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, R. Biswas, E. Black

Faculty Publications

We report on the methods and results of the first dedicated search for gravitational waves emitted during the inspiral of compact binaries with spinning component bodies. We analyze 788 hours of data collected during the third science run (S3) of the LIGO detectors. We searched for binary systems using a detection template family specially designed to capture the effects of the spin-induced precession of the orbital plane. We present details of the techniques developed to enable this search for spin-modulated gravitational waves, highlighting the differences between this and other recent searches for binaries with nonspinning components. The template bank we …

Search Of S3 Ligo Data For Gravitational Wave Signals From Spinning Black Hole And Neutron Star Binary Inspirals, B. Abbott, R. Abbott, R. Adhikari, J. Agresti, P. Ajith, B. Allen, R. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Arain, M. Araya, H. Armandula, M. Ashley, S. Aston, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, S. Ballmer, H. Bantilan, B. C. Barish, C. Barker, D. Barker, B. Barr, P. Barriga, M. A. Barton, K. Bayer, J. Betzwieser, P. T. Beyersdorf, B. Bhawal, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We report on the methods and results of the first dedicated search for gravitational waves emitted during the inspiral of compact binaries with spinning component bodies. We analyze 788 hours of data collected during the third science run (S3) of the LIGO detectors. We searched for binary systems using a detection template family specially designed to capture the effects of the spin-induced precession of the orbital plane. We present details of the techniques developed to enable this search for spin-modulated gravitational waves, highlighting the differences between this and other recent searches for binaries with nonspinning components. The template bank we …

Advantages Of Randomization In Coherent Quantum Dynamical Control, Lea F. Santos, Lorenza Viola

Dartmouth Scholarship

Control scenarios have been identified where the use of randomized design may substantially improve the performance of dynamical decoupling methods (Santos and Viola 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 150501). Here, by focusing on the suppression of internal unwanted interactions in closed quantum systems, we review and further elaborate on the advantages of randomization at long evolution times. By way of illustration, special emphasis is devoted to isolated Heisenberg chains of coupled spin-1/2 particles. In particular, for nearest-neighbor interactions, two types of decoupling cycles are contrasted: inefficient averaging, whereby the number of control actions increases exponentially with the system size, and …

Modeling And Experimental Results Of Concentration With Support Material In Rapid Freeze Prototyping, Frances D. Bryant, Ming-Chuan Leu

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Ice structures with complex geometries and overhung areas are created by the Rapid Freeze Prototyping (RFP) process in a sufficiently cool environment by freezing water into ice as the main material in conjunction with a eutectic dextrose-water solution as the sacrificial support material. The supported areas in an ice structure are removed via an increase in temperature in a separate environment after the structure is completely fabricated. To understand to what extent these two materials mix during fabrication, two methods of modeling the concentration changes that occur near the interface of the main and support materials have been developed. The …

Pre-Eruptive Conditions Of The Oligocene Wah Wah Springs Tuff, Southeastern Great Basin Ignimbrite Province, Kurtus Steven Woolf

Theses and Dissertations

The Wah Wah Springs Tuff (30.0 Ma) is one of several very large volume ash-flow tuffs (>3200 km³ of erupted magma) that were emplaced near the peak of the flare-up of activity in the Great Basin ignimbrite province of western North America. It can be characterized as a "monotonous intermediate" ignimbrite because of its intermediate concentrations of silica (~63 to ~70 wt. %), apparent uniform chemical and mineralogical characteristics, and crystal-rich nature (32 ± 10 % phenocrysts on a dense rock basis). The major phase assemblage found throughout deposit is similar to other monotonous intermediates with a few exceptions …