Digital Commons Network^™

Cytomegalovirus Infections Among African-Americans, Isca R. Wilms, Al M. Best, Stuart P. Adler

Pediatrics Publications

Background Since African-Americans have twice the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections as age-matched Caucasians we sought to determine the ages and possible sources of infection of African-American children.

Methods Subjects were 157 African-American healthy children and adolescents and their 113 household adults in Richmond VA. Families completed a questionnaire, provided saliva for antibody testing, and adolescents were interviewed regarding sexual activity.

Results Regardless of age CMV seropositivity was not associated with gender, breast feeding, health insurance, sexual activity, or household income, education, or size. In the final regression model, prior CMV infection in adults was over two-fold higher than in …

Changes In Childhood Malnutrition And Mortality After Institution Of A Community Health Worker Program In Four Rural Guatemalan Villages, Steven Hartman, Sarah Leonard, Angelo Tomedi

Undergraduate Medical Student Research

While community health workers (CHWs) are being implemented in several developing countries, there has been little work done to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing childhood malnutrition among participating communities. Our study evaluates the effectiveness of CHWs in three Guatemalan villages by comparing anthropomorphic measures and mortality rates of children under five before and after the implementation of a CHW program. While one community showed no significant change in malnutrition rates in terms of height-for-age calculations, two other communities showed improved malnutrition rates in terms of height-for-age. Weight-for-age comparisons were not statistically significant, and while childhood mortality remained unchanged in one …

Faculty Publications And Creative Works 2008, Office Of The Vice President For Research

Office of the Vice President for Research

Faculty Publications & Creative Works is an annual compendium of scholarly and creative activities of University of New Mexico faculty during the noted calendar year. It serves to illustrate the robust and active intellectual pursuits conducted by the faculty in support of teaching and research at UNM.

Problem-Based Learning Matters, Illinois Mathematics And Science Academy

Teacher Resources

Problem-based learning (PBL) is focused experiential learning organized around the investigation and resolution of messy, real-world problems.

• PBL engages students as stakeholders immersed in a messy, illstructured, problematic situation.
• PBL organizes curriculum around this holistic problem, enabling student learning in relevant and connected ways.
• PBL creates a learning environment in which teachers coach student thinking and guide student inquiry, facilitating learning toward deeper levels of understanding while entering the inquiry as a co-investigator.

Attitudes Toward And Effectiveness Of The Cause-Related Marketing Initiatives In The Polish Culture, Beata A. Kaczkowska

Open Access Theses

The study examines attitudes toward and effectiveness of cause-related marketing initiatives in Poland. As the results indicate, the factors, which lead to the popularity and effectiveness of the cause-related marketing initiatives in the United States and the United Kingdom, lack in the Polish culture. Even though CRM is popular in Poland, it does not influence the purchase decisions. Poles do not have any expectations toward businesses in the area of corporate social responsibility. They believe that the government should take the responsibility for solving social issues, and value only the functional dimensions of the products, because their emotional needs are …

A Belief Theoretic Approach For Automated Collaborative Filtering, Thanuka Lakmal Wickramarathne

Open Access Theses

Automated Collaborative Filtering (ACF) is one of the most successful strategies available for recommender systems. Application of ACF in more sensitive and critical applications however has been hampered by the absence of better mechanisms to accommodate imperfections (ambiguities and uncertainties in ratings, missing ratings, etc.) that are inherent in user preference ratings and propagate such imperfections throughout the decision making process. Thus one is compelled to make various "assumptions" regarding the user preferences giving rise to predictions that lack sufficient integrity. With its Dempster-Shafer belief theoretic basis, CoFiDS, the automated Collaborative Filtering algorithm proposed in this thesis, can (a) represent …

Unpasteurized Milk And Soft Cheese Outbreaks: An Overview Of Consumer Safety, Taygan Yilmaz

Student Theses 2001-2013

Unpasteurized (also called raw or farm-fresh) milk is currently banned in more than half of all U.S. states. There is substantial controversy over whether unpasteurized milk is safe for human consumption. Although less than 1% of the total U.S. population is known to consume these products, proponents of raw milk claim that unpasteurized milk and soft cheeses are more nutritive than pasteurized milk and soft cheeses. However, there have been a multitude of disease outbreaks linked to raw milk and soft cheese consumption, which involved pathogens including Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes. While some believe an outright ban would …

Fact Book 2008-2009

Fact Books

No abstract provided.

Annual Report General Clinical Research Center 2007/2008

Annual Reports - Research

General Clinical Research Center University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Annual Progress Report, from 04/01/2007 to 03/31/2008. Signature: Henry Kranzler, Professor of Psychiatry

General Health Assessment, Lvea Em District, Kandal Province, Cambodia, Rasy Mar

UCHC Graduate School Masters Theses 2003 - 2010

No abstract provided.

Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment Completion In Contacts To Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases In Connecticut, 2000-2005, Ava N. Nepaul

UCHC Graduate School Masters Theses 2003 - 2010

No abstract provided.

Phagocytosis Of Borrelia Burgdorferi, The Lyme Disease Spirochete, Potentiates Innate Immune Activation And Induces Apoptosis In Human Monocytes, Adriana R. Cruz, Meagan W. Moore, Carson J. La Vake, Christian H. Eggers, Juan C. Salazar, Justin D. Radolf

UCHC Articles - Research

We have previously demonstrated that phagocytosed Borrelia burgdorferi induces activation programs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells that differ qualitatively and quantitatively from those evoked by equivalent lipoprotein-rich lysates. Here we report that ingested B. burgdorferi induces significantly greater transcription of proinflammatory cytokine genes than do lysates and that live B. burgdorferi, but not B. burgdorferi lysate, is avidly internalized by monocytes, where the bacteria are completely degraded within phagolysosomes. In the course of these experiments, we discovered that live B. burgdorferi also induced a dose-dependent decrease in monocytes but not a decrease in dendritic cells or T cells …

Hiv/Aids Prevention: Factors Affecting Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Msm In Shenzhen, China, Karen Behringer

UCHC Graduate School Masters Theses 2003 - 2010

No abstract provided.

Experimental Inoculation Of House Sparrows (Passer Domesticus) With Buggy Creek Virus, Kathryn P. Huyvaert, Amy T. Moore, Nicholas A. Panella, Eric A. Edwards, Mary Bomberger Brown, Nicholas Komar, Charles R. Brown

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

We performed experimental inoculations of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with Buggy Creek virus (BCRV), a poorly known alphavirus (Togaviridae) vectored primarily by the swallow bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae: Oeciacus vicarius) that is an ectoparasite of the cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrow. Viremias were detected by plaque assay in two of six birds on days 1–3 postinoculation; viremia was highest on day 2. Viral RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in blood of six of 12 birds ranging from day 1 to day 15 postinoculation. Infectious BCRV was detected in …

Nursing Annual Report 2007, Children's Mercy Hospital

Nursing Annual Reports

Annual report for nursing services at Children's Mercy Kansas City.

Information Interface - Volume 36, Issue 1 - January/February 2008, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Information Interface (1976 - 2009)

News and information about Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library of interest to users.

Law & Health Care Newsletter, V. 15, No. 2, Spring 2008

Law & Health Care Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Greater El Paso Chamber Of Commerce Community Mental Health Survey, Lisa Tomaka, Mario Caire, Dennis L. Soden

IPED Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Genetically Engineered Live-Attenuated Cytomegalovirus (Cmv) Vaccines Improve Pregnancy Outcome In The Guinea-Pig Model Of Congenital Cmv Infection, Mark R. Schleiss, Alistair Mcgregor, Yeon Choi, Jodi Anderson, Mike Levinton, Xiaohong Cui, Michael Mcvoy

Pediatrics Publications

No abstract provided.

Inflammatory And Coagulation Biomarkers And Mortality In Patients With Hiv Infection, Lewis H. Kuller, Russell Tracy, Waldo Belloso, Stephane De Wit, Fraser Drummond, H. Clifford Lane, Bruno Ledergerber, Jens Lundgren, Jacqueline Neuhaus, Daniel Nixon, Nicholas I. Paton, James D. Neaton

Internal Medicine Publications

Background

In the Strategies for Management of Anti-Retroviral Therapy trial, all-cause mortality was higher for participants randomized to intermittent, CD4-guided antiretroviral treatment (ART) (drug conservation [DC]) than continuous ART (viral suppression [VS]).

We hypothesized that increased HIV-RNA levels following ART interruption induced activation of tissue factor pathways, thrombosis, and fibrinolysis.

Methods and Findings

Stored samples were used to measure six biomarkers: high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), amyloid A, amyloid P, D-dimer, and prothrombin fragment 1+2. Two studies were conducted: (1) a nested case–control study for studying biomarker associations with mortality, and (2) a study to compare DC and …

Prolonged Therapy Of Advanced Chronic Hepatitis C With Low-Dose Peginterferon, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Gregory T. Everson, Karen L. Lindsay, James E. Everhart, Elizabeth C. Wright, William M. Lee, Anna S. Lok, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Timothy R. Morgan, Marc G. Ghany, Chihiro Morishima, Kristin K. Snow, Jules L. Dienstag

VCU Health Publications

Background

In patients with chronic hepatitis C who do not have a response to antiviral treatment, the disease may progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. Whether long-term antiviral therapy can prevent progressive liver disease in such patients remains uncertain.

Methods

We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of peginterferon alfa-2a at a dosage of 90 μg per week for 3.5 years, as compared with no treatment, in 1050 patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis who had not had a response to previous therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin. The patients, who were stratified according to stage of …

Dengue Virus Pathogenesis In Mouse Central Nervous System: Studies On Host Response To Dengue Virus Infection, Juliano Bordignon, Christian Probst, Ana Luiza P. Mosimann, Vanessa Stella, Daniela Pavoni, Gregory A. Buck, Paul Fawcett, Silvio M. Zanata, Lucia Noronha, Marco Krieger, Claudia Nunes Duarte Dos Santos

Microbiology and Immunology Publications

Dengue virus (DENV) causes a self-limiting fever (DF) or severe hemorrhagic fever/shock-syndrome (DHF/DSS). Recently, clinical profile of DENV infection is changing, and neurological manifestations are becoming frequent. We previously demonstrated that mutations on E and NS3 proteins may account for DENV neurovirulence for mice. To validate the involvement of the observed mutations in the appearance of neurovirulent viral phenotypes, we constructed cDNA infectious clones encompassing the observed mutations. Aiming to determine host response to infection with neurovirulent and parental strains of DENV-1, we used a Mus musculus biochip (Virginia Commonwealth University) encompassing whole mouse genome. Newborn Swiss mice were infected …

The Microbial Mimic Poly Ic Induces Durable And Protective Cd4+ T Cell Immunity Together With A Dendritic Cell Targeted Vaccine, Christine Trumpfheller, Marina Caskey, Godwin W. Nchinda

Publications

CD4⁺ Th1 type immunity is implicated in resistance to global infectious diseases. To improve the efficacy of T cell immunity induced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines, we are developing a protein-based approach that directly harnesses the function of dendritic cells (DCs) in intact lymphoid tissues. Vaccine proteins are selectively delivered to DCs by antibodies to DEC-205/CD205, a receptor for antigen presentation. We find that polyriboinosinic: polyribocytidylic acid (poly IC) independently serves as an adjuvant to allow a DC-targeted protein to induce protective CD4⁺ T cell responses at a mucosal surface, the airway. After two doses of DEC-targeted, …

The Efficacy Of Dna Vaccination Is Enhanced In Mice By Targeting The Encoded Protein To Dendritic Cells, Godwin W. Nchinda, Janelle Kuroiwa, Margarita Oks

Publications

DNA vaccines promote an immune response by providing antigen-encoding DNA to the recipient, but the efficacy of such vaccines needs improving. Many approaches have considerable potential but currently induce relatively weak immune responses despite multiple high doses of DNA vaccine. Here, we asked whether targeting vaccine antigens to DCs would increase the immunity and protection that result from DNA vaccines. To determine this, we generated a DNA vaccine encoding a fusion protein comprised of the vaccine antigen and a single-chain Fv antibody (scFv) specific for the DC-restricted antigen-uptake receptor DEC205. Following vaccination of mice, the vaccine antigen was expressed selectively …

The Effect Of A Nurse-Respiratory Therapist Weaning Protocol On The Duration Of Mechanical Ventilation And The Incidence Of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Andrea Lucas

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this research study was to show the effectiveness of implementing a standardized nurse-respiratory driven weaning protocol in decreasing the time spent on mechanical ventilation and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients compared to using individual physician methods. Chart reviews were performed to compare the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prior to the initiation of the nurse-respiratory driven weaning protocol. Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation theory was used as a framework for this study to show that nurses could promote adaption by using a standardized ventilator weaning protocol. The study did not show statistical significance that …

Fusion, 2008, George Washington University, William H. Beaumont Medical Research Honor Society

Fusion

No abstract provided.

Abstract Papers

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

E-Books Acquisitions 2007-2008, Une Library Services

Assessment Reports

Report from the Digital Services Department at the University of New England Libraries for 2007-2008, submitted in support of program review.

Subscribed Journal Usage 2007, Une Library Services

Assessment Reports

Report from the Digital Services Department at the University of New England Libraries for 2007-2008, submitted in support of program review.

College Of Osteopathic Medicine Biomedical Informatics Overview, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.