Digital Commons Network^™

Small Pasture Management Guide, James Barnhill, Scott Mckendrick

All Archived Publications

As more people select rural settings for their homes, traditional farms are being divided into small acreage home lots. Many small acreage owners would like to have lush green pastures where they can raise horses, cattle, or sheep. The purpose of this booklet is to provide the educational guidance these owners need to successfully establish and maintain a healthy grazing system.

Photoelectric Charging By Ultraviolet Light Of A Lunar Dust Simulant In A Microgravity Environment, Microgravity Research Team 2008

Reports and Proposals

No abstract provided.

Join The Mission, Design A Patch, Nathan Mentzer, Fay Mentzer, Krista Jones

Publications

The article presents a classroom activity designed for third grade and up that requires students to design their own mission patch. The activity references the patches developed and designed by the U.S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Moreover, the article discusses the design of the activity, the available resources, the evaluation process and interdisciplinary connections.

Virginia Commonwealth University Graduate And Professional Programs Bulletin Courses [2008], Virginia Commonwealth University

VCU Bulletins

Listing of professional and graduate courses for 2008-2009

The Dynamic Evolutionary History Of The Bananaquit (Coereba Flaveola) In The Caribbean Revealed By A Multigene Analysis, Eva Bellemain, Eldredge Bermingham, Robert Ricklefs

Biology Department Faculty Works

BackgroundThe bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) is a small nectivorous and frugivorous emberizine bird (order Passeriformes) that is an abundant resident throughout the Caribbean region. We used multi-gene analyses to investigate the evolutionary history of this species throughout its distribution in the West Indies and in South and Middle America. We sequenced six mitochondrial genes (3744 base pairs) and three nuclear genes (2049 base pairs) for forty-four bananaquits and three outgroup species. We infer the ancestral area of the present-day bananaquit populations, report on the species' phylogenetic, biogeographic and evolutionary history, and propose scenarios for its diversification and range expansion.ResultsPhylogenetic concordance between …

Retrospective, 2008, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries

Retrospective

No abstract provided.

The Plant Ontology Database: A Community Resource For Plant Structure And Developmental Stages Controlled Vocabulary And Annotations, Shulamit Avraham, Chih-Wei Tung, Katica Ilic, Pankaj Jaiswal, Elizabeth Kellogg, Susan Mccouch, Anuradha Pujar, Leonore Reiser, Seung Rhee, Martin Sachs, Mary Schaeffer, Lincoln Stein, Peter Stevens, Leszek Vincent, Felipe Zapata, Doreen Ware

Biology Department Faculty Works

The Plant Ontology Consortium (POC, http://www.plantontology.org ) is a collaborative effort among model plant genome databases and plant researchers that aims to create, maintain and facilitate the use of a controlled vocabulary (ontology) for plants. The ontology allows users to ascribe attributes of plant structure (anatomy and morphology) and developmental stages to data types, such as genes and phenotypes, to provide a semantic framework to make meaningful cross-species and database comparisons. The POC builds upon groundbreaking work by the Gene Ontology Consortium (GOC) by adopting and extending the GOC's principles, existing software and database structure. Over the past year, POC …

Down But Not Out: A Comparison Of Previous Attempts At Immigration Reform And The Resulting Agency Implemented Changes, Laurence M. Krutchik

Nova Law Review

No abstract provided.

Graduate School Catalog, 2007-2008, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville

Graduate School Catalog of Studies

No abstract provided.

The Search, The Jackson Laboratory

Search Magazine

No abstract provided.

Peaks Island Star : January 2008, Vol. 28, Issue 1, Service Agencies Of The Island

Peaks Island Star, 2008

The Peaks Island Star is the newsletter of the island's service agencies and other community news.

Nimbus (Winter 2008), New College Alumnae/I Association

Alumnae/i Association Collection

No abstract provided.

Vol. 33, No. 5: Holiday 2008, School Of Medicine & Health Sciences

North Dakota Medicine Archive

No abstract provided.

Endangered Species Bulletin – Summer 2008 Highlights, Volume 33, No. 4

Endangered Species Bulletin

In this issue:
The Global Amphibian Crisis
Project Golden Frog
Chiricahua Leopard Frog Inches Towards Recovery
The Ozark Hellbender: Out from Under a Rock
Conserving Columbian Spotted Frogs in Nevada
Ranchers Restore Amphibian-friendly Ponds
Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation
Restoring a Vital Partnership
Apache Leader Promotes Tribal Conservation Rights
Hoopa Tribe Leads in Fisher Conservation
Restoring Endangered Species on the Pueblo of Santa Ana
Traditional Ecological Knowledge
A Natural Connection: USGS and Endangered Species Research
Recovering Endemic Plants of the Channel Islands
Conserving Bird Communities in the Sagebrush Sea
Ice, Climate Change, and Wildlife Research in Alaska
The California …

Voluntary Exercise Inhibits Intestinal Tumorigenesis In Apc(Min/+) Mice And Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mice., Jihyeung Ju, Bonnie Nolan, Michelle Cheh, Mousumi Bose, Yong Lin, George C. Wagner, Chung S. Yang

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that physical activity reduces the risk of colon cancer in humans. Results from animal studies, however, are inconclusive. The present study investigated the effects of voluntary exercise on intestinal tumor formation in two different animal models, Apc(Min/+) mice and azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice. METHODS: In Experiments 1 and 2, five-week old female Apc(Min/+) mice were either housed in regular cages or cages equipped with a running wheel for 6 weeks (for mice maintained on the AIN93G diet; Experiment 1) or 9 weeks (for mice on a high-fat diet; Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, male …

The Effect Of One-Session Exposure Treatment On Selective Processing And Explicit Memory Bias In Snake- And Spider-Fearful Participants, Karen L. Stanley-Kime

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Unlike the empirically supported phenomenon of anxiety-induced selective processing bias, research on congruent explicit memory bias is inconclusive; indeed, there is evidence for recall decrements of threat-relevant information. There is also a paucity of literature examining the effects of treatment on these cognitive biases. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exposure treatment on selective processing and explicit memory bias in snake- and spider-fearful participants by measuring implicit and explicit memory for central and peripheral environmental details. Recall for environmental details in a fearful group that received treatment was compared to a fearful group that …

Adding Simple Simulations To Video Games To Improve Realism, Leonard Kinnaird-Heether

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

In this paper a method of enhancing the realism of certain computer game types, particularly First Person Shooter games, is explored by attempting to include intelligent neutral background characters to the game environment. This method also requires that the inclusion of these background characters will not adversely affect the performance of a game by drastically increasing the computational complexity of the game. A simulation was created to show how this can be done using a group of intelligent agents based in a simulated world, and a simplified system of norms designed to influence the agents’ behavior. The agents are designed …

The Development Of Caching Behavior, Cache Site And Cache Item Defense Tactics, And Cache Site And Cache Item Sharing In Orphaned Fledgling Blue Jays (Cyanocitta Cristata) At A Songbird Rehabilitation Center, Deanna Martinez

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

One of the primary goals of songbird rehabilitators is to promote controllable factors that increase survivorship in orphaned songbirds upon to release. As caching serves an important function in corvid life, this study sought to determine if this behavior would develop with or without outside input. Eight orphaned blue jays (consisting of both hatchlings and nestlings) were brought into the care of the Bird Center of Washtenaw County, Inc. in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Birds were videotaped and observed for the development of caching behavior, cache item and cache site sharing, and cache defense tactics. Caching behavior and cache defense tactics …

Life Domain Research Report Series: Social Connections And Community Conduct, Lirondel Hazineh, Karen Frensch, Michele Preyde, Gary Cameron

Partnerships for Children and Families Project

Integral to formulating a picture of youth overall well being is to understand how youth participate in social networks with peers and friends, engage in social or leisure activities, and more generally forge healthy relationships with others. Among a variety of emotional and behavioural challenges faced by children and youth involved with residential treatment or intensive family services may be their ability to negotiate relationships within social contexts (Cameron, de Boer, Frensch, & Adams, 2003).

Data was collected about youth who had been involved with children’s mental health residential treatment (RT) or intensive family service programs (IFS), designed as an …

What Law Enforcement In West Virginia Know About Stalking Crimes, Sandra Kiser-Griffith

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Emerging research is beginning to reveal how prevalent, and dangerous, stalking can be, especially in situations that involve domestic or former domestic partners. As front line responders to stalking-related crimes, it would seem imperative that law enforcement personnel have extensive training and be knowledgeable about a broad range of stalking-related issues. A victim’s well-being can be directly impacted by the actions and interventions of the officers handling his or her case. Unfortunately, however, many states, including West Virginia, still do not require that officers receive stalking training. In an attempt to establish how well informed law enforcement officers in West …

Amphetamine Selectively Enhances Avoidance Responding To A Less Salient Stimulus In Rats, Ming Li, Wei He, Rebecca Munro

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This preclinical study examined the psychological processes affected by amphetamine that contribute to human psychosis. Using a novel avoidance conditioning paradigm involving two conditioned stimuli (CS) with varied salience, we found that acute amphetamine (1.5 mg/ kg, i.p.) selectively enhanced avoidance responding to a less salient stimulus, but not to a salient one. These findings suggest that elevated dopaminergic activity selectively enhances the attributions of motivational salience to a less salient stimulus, a process that may bear relevance to the development of human delusional thoughts.

Breakfast At The Cockpit Café And Other Innovations In Protected Area Outreach, Christine Baumann Feurt, Ward Feurt

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Fundamental changes in protected area outreach and education strategies are dissolving old boundaries and fostering innovative approaches to civic engagement. The practice of community-based ecosystem management as presented by Meffe et al. (2002) provides an organizing framework blending ecological, institutional and sociocultural perspectives. This framework flows from a definition of ecosystem management that considers sustaining ecosystem structure and processes across spatial and temporal scales in tandem with societal priorities. The decision-making authority in this system, envisioned as collaborative and participatory, can present challenges for traditionally trained protected area managers. This definition views ecosystem management as: . . . an approach …

American Woodcock Population Status, 2008, Thomas R. Cooper, Keri Parker, Rebecca D. Rau

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Singing-ground Survey data for 2008 indicated that the numbers of displaying American woodcock (Scolopax minor) in the Central Region declined 9.2 % from 2007; however, the Eastern Region was unchanged. There was no significant 10-year trend for woodcock heard in the Eastern Region during 1998-2008, while there was a significant decline in the Central Region. This represents the fifth consecutive year that the 10-year trend estimate did not indicate a significant decline in the Eastern Region, while it marks the first time since 2003 that the Central Region has had a declining 10-year trend. There were long-term (1968-08) …

Ecological Factors Associated With West Nile Virus Transmission, Northeastern United States, Heidi E. Brown, James E. Childs, Maria A. Diuk-Wasser, Durland Fish

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Since 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) disease has affected the northeastern United States. To describe the spatial epidemiology and identify risk factors for disease incidence, we analyzed 8 years (1999–2006) of county-based human WNV disease surveillance data. Among the 56.6 million residents in 8 northeastern states sharing primary enzootic vectors, we found 977 cases. We controlled for population density and potential bias from surveillance and spatial proximity. Analyses demonstrated significant spatial spreading from 1999 through 2004 (p2 = 0.16). A significant trend was apparent among increasingly urban counties; county quartiles with the least (0.75 cases/100,000 residents) than counties with the …

Myenteric Neurons Of The Ileum That Express Somatostatin Are A Target Of Prion Neuroinvasion In An Alimentary Model Of Sheep Scrapie, David A. Schneider, Huijun Yan, Lindsay M. Fry, Janet Alverson, Stephen N. White, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Neuroinvasion of the enteric nervous system by prions is an important step in dissemination to the brain, yet very little is known about the basic process of enteric neuroinvasion. Using an alimentary model of neonatal disease transmission, neuroinvasion by scrapie prions in the ileum of lambs was detected by immunohistochemical staining for the disease-associated form of the prion protein, PrP^Sc. Odds ratios (OR) were determined for the frequency of PrP^Sc staining within enteric somata categorized by plexus location (myenteric, submucosal) and neurochemical staining (PGP 9.5, neural nitric oxide synthase, somatostatin, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide). PrP …

Prion Gene (Prnp) Haplotype Variation In United States Goat Breeds, Stephen N. White, Lynn Herrmann-Hoesing, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Daniel Waldron, Joan Rowe, Janet Alverson

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Scrapie eradication efforts cost 18 million dollars annually in the United States and rely heavily upon PRNP genotyping of sheep. Genetic resistance might reduce goat scrapie and limit the risk of goats serving as a scrapie reservoir, so PRNP coding sequences were examined from 446 goats of 10 breeds, 8 of which had not been previously examined at PRNP. The 10 observed alleles were all related to one of two central haplotypes by a single amino acid substitution. At least five of these alleles (M142, R143, S146, H154, and K222) have been associated with increased incubation time or decreased …

A Species Barrier Limits Transmission Of Chronic Wasting Disease To Mink (Mustela Vison), Robert D. Harrington, Timothy V. Baszler, Katherine I. O'Rourke, David A. Schneider, Terry R. Spraker, H. Denny Liggitt, Donald P. Knowles

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) occurs as sporadic outbreaks associated with ingestion of feed presumably contaminated with some type of prion disease. Mink lack a species barrier to primary oral challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy, whereas they have a barrier to such challenge with scrapie. We investigated whether mink have a species barrier to chronic wasting disease (CWD) by performing primary intracerebral (IC) and primary oral challenge with CWD-positive elk brain. Primary IC challenge resulted in clinical disease in two of eight mink at 31–33 months incubation. Affected mink had spongiform vacuolation and astrocytosis within the central nervous system and immunoreactivity …

Scrapie Resistance In Arq Sheep, W. W. Laegreid, M. L. Clawson, M. P. Heaton, B. T. Green, Katherine I. O'Rourke, D. P. Knowles

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Variation in the ovine prion protein amino acid sequence influences scrapie progression, with sheep homozygous for A¹³⁶R¹⁵⁴Q¹⁷¹ considered susceptible. This study examined the association of survival time of scrapie-exposed ARQ sheep with variation elsewhere in the ovine prion gene. Four single nucleotide polymorphism alleles were associated with prolonged survival. One nonsynonymous allele (T112) was associated with an additional 687 days of survival for scrapie-exposed sheep compared to M112 sheep (odds ratio, 42.5; P = 0.00014). The only two sheep homozygous for T112 (TARQ) did not develop scrapie, suggesting that the allelic effect may be additive. …

A Collaborative Canadian–United Kingdom Evaluation Of An Immunohistochemistry Protocol To Diagnose Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Lisa Manning, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Donald P. Knowles, Sarah A. Marsh, Yvonne I. Spencer, Estella Moffat, Gerald A. H. Wells, Stefanie Czub

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Collaboration was established in 2001 to evaluate a commercially available immunohistochemistry assay kit for the detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) disease–associated prion protein in formic acid–treated formalin-fixed samples of bovine brain. The kit protocol was evaluated at the National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases (Winnipeg, Canada) and the Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge, U.K.). The U.K. laboratory provided paraffin-embedded blocks of brainstem (medulla oblongata at the level of the obex) from 100 positive cases defined by clinical signs and histopathology, and 100 clinically suspect but BSE-negative samples defined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry with anti-PrP monoclonal antibody R145. The Canadian laboratory …

Experimental Transmission Of Chronic Wasting Disease (Cwd) Of Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni), White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), And Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus Hemionus) To White-Tailed Deer By Intracerebral Route, A. N. Hamir, J. A. Richt, J. M. Miller, R. A. Kunkle, S. M. Hall, E. M. Nicholson, Katherine I. O'Rourke, J. J. Greenlee, E. S. Williams

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

To compare clinical and pathologic findings of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in a natural host, 3 groups (n = 5) of white-tailed deer (WTD) fawns were intracerebrally inoculated with a CWD prion of WTD, mule deer, or elk origin. Three other uninoculated fawns served as controls. Approximately 10 months postinoculation (MPI), 1 deer from each of the 3 inoculated groups was necropsied and their tissues were examined for lesions of spongiform encephalopathy (SE) and for the presence of abnormal prion protein (PrP^d) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB). The remaining deer were allowed to live until …