Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2007

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 11521 - 11550 of 12248

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

The Effects Of Alcohol And Nicotine Pretreatment During Adolescence On Adulthood Responsivity To Alcohol, Antoniette M. Maldonado Jan 2007

The Effects Of Alcohol And Nicotine Pretreatment During Adolescence On Adulthood Responsivity To Alcohol, Antoniette M. Maldonado

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Adolescence is a period of development that is associated with increased risk taking behaviors and experimenting with drugs of abuse, including alcohol and nicotine. Early onset of use of these agents may be associated with long-term changes in behavior and enhanced sensitivity to the subsequent effects of alcohol in adulthood. The present experiment was designed to assess the long-term behavioral alterations that occur due to adolescent exposure to ethanol and nicotine, either alone or in combination, on adulthood responsivity to the rewarding properties of environmental cues paired with ethanol. It was hypothesized that adolescent rats exposed to the combination of …

Go to article

Real Challenges, Virtual Challengers: The Democracy For America Movement, Noah Porter Jan 2007

Real Challenges, Virtual Challengers: The Democracy For America Movement, Noah Porter

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The project examines the effects of Internet use by the social movement organization (SMO) Dean for America/Democracy for America (DFA). This study describes the relationship between Internet usage and SMO beliefs, organization, causes, reasons for joining, strategies, reactions, and effects. Dean for America started out with few resources or supporters, and was seen as an unlikely contender for the 2004 presidential campaign. From its humble beginnings, it skyrocketed from being virtually unknown to frontrunner status in the span of a year. After Howard Dean withdrew from the race in February 2004, Dean for America transformed itself into Democracy for America, …

Go to article

Factors Perceived To Contribute To Mathematics Avoidance Or Mathematics Confidence In Non-Traditional Age Women Attending A Community College, Jo Ann K Rawley Jan 2007

Factors Perceived To Contribute To Mathematics Avoidance Or Mathematics Confidence In Non-Traditional Age Women Attending A Community College, Jo Ann K Rawley

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Over the past decade, the number of students entering postsecondary institutions immediately after high school has been decreasing, while the number of non-traditional aged students, defined as adults over 25, has substantially increased, with women making up the majority of this adult student group. Mathematics education is an area where non-traditional age women tend to have difficulty. Fifteen individual interviews were conducted with non-traditional age women enrolled in a community college, 10 identifying mathematics as the subject they would least enjoy and 5 identifying mathematics as the subject they would most enjoy. Data were analyzed by comparing the women's stories …

Go to article

Examining The Issues Surrounding Violating The Assumption Of Independent Observations In Reliability Generalization Studies: A Simulation Study, Jeanine L. Romano Jan 2007

Examining The Issues Surrounding Violating The Assumption Of Independent Observations In Reliability Generalization Studies: A Simulation Study, Jeanine L. Romano

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Because both validity and reliability indices are a function of the scores on a given administration of a measure, their values can often vary across samples. It is a common mistake to say that a test is reliable when in fact it is not the test that is reliable but the scores on the test that are reliable. In 1998, vacha-haase proposed a fixed-effects meta-analytic method for evaluating reliability that is similar to validity generalization studies called reliability generalization (rg). This study was conducted to evaluate alternative analysis strategies for the meta-analysis method of reliability generalization when the reliability estimates …

Go to article

Credibility Perceptions Of Television And Online News, Charmy G. Sabigan Jan 2007

Credibility Perceptions Of Television And Online News, Charmy G. Sabigan

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Three major factors influence audience's credibility perception of mediated news on television and on the internet. This study found that reporters' credibility, media credibility, and news credibility had direct influence to the credibility of news presented on both media. Reporters' credibility on both media could be measured by their expertise, intelligence, education, trustworthiness, and authoritativeness. Television and the internet were evaluated differently. Television was measured by its comprehensiveness, concern for the interest of the public, and fairness. The internet was assessed on its trustworthiness, consideration of public interest, and objectivity. News credibility for both media, however, could be evaluated using …

Go to article

Family Court And The Unique Needs Of Children And Families Who Lack Immigration Status, Theo Liebmann Jan 2007

Family Court And The Unique Needs Of Children And Families Who Lack Immigration Status, Theo Liebmann

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Language abounds in the New York Family Court Act on the Court's duties to aid families in crisis, to maintain families whenever appropriate, to safeguard children's well-being, and to provide children with permanency in their lives. These are not narrow obligations, and as the population served by the New York City Family Court changes, its judges, practitioners, and agencies must adapt. The Court today must meet the challenge of a dramatically changing demographic: the ever-rising number of children and families in New York City who do not have legal immigration status. This Article examines the complex interplay between immigration issues …

Go to article

In Search Of Validity: A New Model For The Content And Procedural Treatment Of Trademark Infringement Surveys, Irina D. Manta Jan 2007

In Search Of Validity: A New Model For The Content And Procedural Treatment Of Trademark Infringement Surveys, Irina D. Manta

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

A world devoid of trademark protection is difficult to imagine and has in fact barely existed.' Even marks developed thousands of years ago served the purposes of those present today: trademarks allowed for advertising, answered questions of ownership, and provided quality seals. In modern language, it is said that trademarks "seek to economize on information costs by providing a compact, memorable, and unambiguous identifier of a product or service." Trademarks thus both serve to attract consumers to a good in the first place and then encourage consumers to return to the product. If an individual liked a particular product, a …

Go to article

Domestic Violence As A Crime Of Pattern And Intent: An Alternative Reconceptualization, Alafair Burke Jan 2007

Domestic Violence As A Crime Of Pattern And Intent: An Alternative Reconceptualization, Alafair Burke

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Social scientists almost universally describe domestic violence as an ongoing pattern of conduct motivated by the batterer's desire for power and control over the victim. The criminal statutes used to prosecute domestic violence, however, almost universally describe discrete acts of conduct, without reference to the actor's motivation or other acts of conduct. Although some scholars have questioned the fit between domestic violence and the criminal statutes used to prosecute it, previously only Professor Deborah Tuerkheimer has called for a reconceptualization of the crime of domestic violence to fill the gap. This Article seeks to build on Professor Tuerkheimer's work by …

Go to article

Learning From Iraq: Counterinsurgency In American Strategy, Steven Metz Dr. Jan 2007

Learning From Iraq: Counterinsurgency In American Strategy, Steven Metz Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

While the involvement of the United States in counterinsurgency has a long history, it had faded in importance in the years following the end of the Cold War. When American forces first confronted it in Iraq, they were not fully prepared. Since then, the U.S. military and other government agencies have expended much effort to refine their counterinsurgency capabilities. But have they done enough?

Go to article

Explaining Compliance With International Agreements Against The Trafficking Of Children, Allison A. Bannerman '07 Jan 2007

Explaining Compliance With International Agreements Against The Trafficking Of Children, Allison A. Bannerman '07

Res Publica - Journal of Undergraduate Research

The sexual exploitation of children is detrimental to the physical and emotional health and development of the children and undermines the development and growth of nations. Since 1989 the international community has taken serious legislative steps to attempt to eliminate child sex trafficking. However, despite nearly universal ratification of international conventions on the topic, the sexual exploitation of children continues. The literature that addresses regime compliance suggests two general explanations for the lack of follow-through among signatory countries: a lack of capacity (both political and economic) and cultural proximity. This paper will examine the validity of each of these categories …

Go to article

Practical Problems And Decision Making: The Effect Of Strategy And Experience, Sarah Flores '07 Jan 2007

Practical Problems And Decision Making: The Effect Of Strategy And Experience, Sarah Flores '07

Honors Projects

What is the most effective way to make a decision? To examine the impact of strategy at varying levels of experience, 270 undergraduates solved problems in college life. Participants at three Levels of Experience (First Years, Sophomores, and Residential Life Staff) were assigned to one of four Strategy Conditions (Analysis, Holistic Intuition, Time Limit and Control). Results showed a marginal main effect of Level of Experience, a main effect of Strategy Condition, and an interaction of the two. Time Limit was detrimental for all conditions, except for Staff. First Years performed better with Intuition than Analysis, and Staff scored nonsignificantly …

Go to article

Bipolar Disorder, Disclosure, And Their Effects On Employment Opportunities, Melissa B. Finch '07 Jan 2007

Bipolar Disorder, Disclosure, And Their Effects On Employment Opportunities, Melissa B. Finch '07

Honors Projects

People with psychological disorders often experience stigma and discrimination, which can impact their ability to gain and maintain employment (Goldberg, Killeen, & O'Day, 2005). The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of disclosure of a severe mental disorder (bipolar disorder) on employers' reactions. In addition, the study assessed the impact of diversity education on employers hiring recommendations for persons with severe mental disabilities. Participants listened to an interview of a student job applicant in one of three conditions (no disclosure, implicit disclosure, or explicit disclosure.) They rated the applicant on personal characteristics and likeability, as well as …

Go to article

Reducing Hiv Stigma: A Common Group Identity Perspective, Heather Deutsch '07 Jan 2007

Reducing Hiv Stigma: A Common Group Identity Perspective, Heather Deutsch '07

Honors Projects

The HIV/AIDS epidemic affects many individuals worldwide. Coupled with this epidemic is stigma levied against infected individuals. HIV stigma involves feelings of repulsion, discomfort, blaming, and sanctions. I attempted to combat HIV stigma by targeting emotional, motivational, and behavioral underpinnings in an intervention video. In this video, I manipulated: 1) whether the intervention speaker shared a group membership (IWU affiliation) with the audience and 2) the speaker's HIV status. I hypothesized that, when the speaker was affiliated with IWU and was HIV-positive, stigma would be reduced. Seventy-one lWU students watched the intervention video, and then I assessed participants' HIV-related implicit …

Go to article

Reactions To Ostracism And Their Predictors, Kelly J. Sanderson '07 Jan 2007

Reactions To Ostracism And Their Predictors, Kelly J. Sanderson '07

Honors Projects

This study was conducted to examine how individual differences in personality predict variance in reactions to ostracism, and to explore the effects of re-inclusion on ostracism reactions. Participants completed five personality measures before the ostracism was delivered in a chat-room paradigm. The chat-room consisted of phases during which participants were included, excluded, and re-included in the discussion, and enjoyment and participation were measured after each chat-room phase. Enjoyment and participation decreased during exclusion and increased during re-inclusion. Throughout all phases of the chat-room, enjoyment and participation were positively correlated with social competence and negatively correlated with loneliness and social isolation. …

Go to article

Social Ostracism And The Effect On Electroencephalogram Waves, Genevieve Nehrt '07 Jan 2007

Social Ostracism And The Effect On Electroencephalogram Waves, Genevieve Nehrt '07

Honors Projects

Twenty one female Illinois Wesleyan students participated in an experiment examining changes in brain activity following social ostracism in a chat-room environment. More specifically theta EEG activity was recorded from three frontal areas (the Fz, F3, and F4 sites) and theta power and frequency were compared during three phases: inclusion, exclusion, and re-inclusion. The social ostracism paradigm was successful in creating a feeling of exclusion in participants. Participants had a lower level of interest, participation, and enjoyment during the exclusion phase than the inclusion and re-inclusion phases. Participants also typed fewer lines during the exclusion phase than in the other …

Go to article

Counterfactual Thinking And The False Belief Task: A Developmental Study, Frederique Arreckx Jan 2007

Counterfactual Thinking And The False Belief Task: A Developmental Study, Frederique Arreckx

School of Psychology Theses

The main aim of this thesis was to investigate children's reasoning abilities, especially their ability to solve counterfactual tasks. This thesis studied counterfactual thinking as an independent ability but also in relation to both types of the false belief tasks that measure theory of mind and contrary-to-fact syllogisms. Four experiments were conducted with typically developing children between the ages of 3 to 5. The first experiment studied the difference between affirmative and negative counterfactual questions and found that the former was easier than the latter. The second experiment replicated these results and investigated the link between counterfactual thinking and the …

Go to article

Reinventing A Level 7 Programme In Electrical Engineering And Greatly Improving On Student Retention, Eugene Coyle, Mike Murphy, Frank Costello, Leslie Shoemaker Jan 2007

Reinventing A Level 7 Programme In Electrical Engineering And Greatly Improving On Student Retention, Eugene Coyle, Mike Murphy, Frank Costello, Leslie Shoemaker

Books/Book chapters

Following the successful implementation over a number of decades of a three-year Diploma in Electrical and Control Engineering at Technological University Dublin, the programme entered a period of extreme difficulty and uncertainty in the late nineteen ninetees and early years of the new millennium. As with many such engineering programmes, student numbers seeking to enter began to diminish. Furthermore, engagement and retention of students who had enrolled on the programme became evermore challenging, necessitating some radical moves in the formation and operation of the programme and in putting additional student support mechanisms in place. The situation hit rock bottom between …

Go to article

An Examination Of The Role Of Intuition In Individual Decision Making In Organisations, Rory Martin, Philomena Hanlon Jan 2007

An Examination Of The Role Of Intuition In Individual Decision Making In Organisations, Rory Martin, Philomena Hanlon

Conference papers

The feeling of knowing without knowing has often been described as listening to your heart, trusting your gut, or using your intuition. As decision makers face more turbulent and complex environments, rational analysis may not always be able to assist in yielding optimal results. In cases where sufficient data is not available or the situation is one that the decision maker or the organisation has not faced before, the decision maker may utilise intuition to guide them through uncertainty (Lank & Lank 1995:19). This paper looks at the role that intuition plays in individual decision making in organisations. The primary …

Go to article

Powers Of Perception, Christopher Miles '90, Tim Obermiller Jan 2007

Powers Of Perception, Christopher Miles '90, Tim Obermiller

Illinois Wesleyan University Magazine, 2002-2017

Christopher Miles ’90 examines the visual impact of works by faculty of the School of Art.

Go to article

Student Non-Attendence In Higher Education: A Phenomenon Of Student Apathy Or Poor Pedagogy, Joanne Cleary-Holdforth Jan 2007

Student Non-Attendence In Higher Education: A Phenomenon Of Student Apathy Or Poor Pedagogy, Joanne Cleary-Holdforth

Level 3

Non-attendance at university seems to be an on-going problem that appears to transcend country, university and discipline. One need only consult the literature on this subject to appreciate the magnitude of this phenomenon (Gump 2006; McCarey et al. 2006; Sharma et al. 2005; Nicholl and Timmins 2005; Hughes 2005; Hunter and Tetley 1999; Longhurst 1999). It is a phenomenon that is both intriguing and frustrating and yet there is very little evidence of university or governmental policy on it. It is generally accepted that university is a rite of passage for its students and is, therefore, as much about a …

Go to article

Perceived Impact Of Peer Observation Of Teaching In Higher Education, Roisin Donnelly Jan 2007

Perceived Impact Of Peer Observation Of Teaching In Higher Education, Roisin Donnelly

Journal Articles

This paper explores participant perceptions of the impact of a Peer Observation of Teaching scheme offered as part of an accredited Postgraduate Certificate in Teaching for academic staff/faculty in higher education. The Postgraduate Certificate Program has been designed to support the continuing professional development of academic staff/faculty through integration of peer learning. Inherent in the design and delivery of the Peer Observation of Teaching scheme is the belief by all involved that learning about teaching in higher education, and heightening a sense of professionalism, stems from a continuous process of transforming and constructing personal meaning in a variety of related …

Go to article

Extending And Measuring The Quality Of Fresh-Cut Fruit And Vegetables: A Review, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Gary Henehan, Jesus Maria Frias, J. Barat Jan 2007

Extending And Measuring The Quality Of Fresh-Cut Fruit And Vegetables: A Review, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Gary Henehan, Jesus Maria Frias, J. Barat

Articles

The market sales of ready - to - use vegetables have grown rapidly in recent decades as a result of changes in consumer attitudes especially consumption of fresh-cut lettuce and carrot due to their use in prepared salads. Chlorine solutions have been widely used to sanitise fruit and vegetables in the fresh-cut industry. However, the association of chlorine with the possible formation of carcinogenic chlorinated compounds in water has called into question the use of chlorine in food processing. There is a real need to find alternatives for preservation of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables in order to improve the efficacy …

Go to article

Irish Gay Men And Tourism: Behaviours And Motivations, Bruce Carolan Jan 2007

Irish Gay Men And Tourism: Behaviours And Motivations, Bruce Carolan

Other resources

This paper is an exploratory study of the holiday practices of an increasingly important segment of the Irish tourism market: gay men. Studies show that gay men are, in many respects, desirable tourists: they tend to be more highly educated, have greater disposable incomes and a higher propensity to travel than non-gay people. Yet there has been relatively little research – and virtually none in an Irish context – concerning gay male holiday motivations, destination choice and behaviours. After reviewing the existing literature on gay men and tourism, this paper employs qualitative research methods – primarily focus groups, semi-structured interviews …

Go to article

An Overview Of Youth And Adolescence In Ireland, Kevin Lalor, Áine De Róiste, Maurice Devlin Jan 2007

An Overview Of Youth And Adolescence In Ireland, Kevin Lalor, Áine De Róiste, Maurice Devlin

Books/Book chapters

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Practitioner, The Priest, And The Professor: Perspectives On Self-Initiation In The American Neopagan Community, Marty Laubach, Louis Martinie’, Roselinda Clemons Jan 2007

The Practitioner, The Priest, And The Professor: Perspectives On Self-Initiation In The American Neopagan Community, Marty Laubach, Louis Martinie’, Roselinda Clemons

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Research

Initiation is a religious practice that is generally understood as involving socialization and acceptance into a religious community, but American Neopaganism, with its emphasis on individualism and autonomy, has evolved a meaning that challenges that simple understanding. American Neopagan communities are marketplaces of ideas that are comprised of groups and solo practitioners, all in interaction in which they might conduct main holidays together, but not necessarily work together in what they would consider more “serious” practices in which they receive the spirit communications with which they develop the ideas. Among groups, these practices include initiations through which candidates are trained …

Go to article

Building Bridges: The Transition From Preschool To Primary School For Children In Ireland, Mary O'Kane Jan 2007

Building Bridges: The Transition From Preschool To Primary School For Children In Ireland, Mary O'Kane

Doctoral

The overarching aim of this study was to provide an information base on the transition from preschool to formal schooling in Ireland, and to improve understanding about how best to support children’s learning during this time. The theoretical framework for the project was based on the ecological systems model of development proposed by Bronfenbrenner. As there was no previous Irish research in this area, the study took an exploratory approach, and drew on a variety of sources to present the perspectives of preschool practitioners, primary school teachers, parents and children themselves. Phase 1 involved a questionnaire being completed by a …

Go to article

Towards A Personal Automatic Music Playlist Generation Alogorithm: The Need For Contextual Information, Gordon Reynolds, Dan Barry, Ted Burke, Eugene Coyle Jan 2007

Towards A Personal Automatic Music Playlist Generation Alogorithm: The Need For Contextual Information, Gordon Reynolds, Dan Barry, Ted Burke, Eugene Coyle

Conference papers

Large music collections afford the listener flexibility in the form of choice, which enables the listener to choose the appropriate piece of music to enhance or complement their listening scenario on-demand. However, bundled with such a large music collection is the daunting task of manually searching through each entry in the collection to find the appropriate song required by the listener. This often leaves the listener frustrated when trying to select songs from a large music collection. In this paper, an overview of existing methods for automatically generating a playlist is discussed. This discussion outlines advantages and disadvantages associated with …

Go to article

Exploring The Fate Of No Longer Relevant Spatial Information Using A Modified Sternberg Task, Kirsten Burghardt Jan 2007

Exploring The Fate Of No Longer Relevant Spatial Information Using A Modified Sternberg Task, Kirsten Burghardt

School of Psychology Theses

Forgetting, the breakdown of memory, is often associated with inconveniences in everyday life when the car key has been left on the kitchen table or when a phone number will simply not come to mind. However, forgetting has its justified and valued place in cognition. Forgetting allows us to remember the place where we parked our car today, rather than two weeks ago, it enables us to update previously incorrect information in our memory, and It gives us the opportunity to move on from unpleasant past experiences.

Go to article

The Social And Psychological Effects Of Sms Text Messaging, Donna Reid Jan 2007

The Social And Psychological Effects Of Sms Text Messaging, Donna Reid

School of Psychology Theses

This thesis reports an exploration of the phenomenon of mobile phone SMS text messaging and examines the applicability of two key theories of computer-mediated communication that forecast contrasting outcomes of this medium for personal relationship development and maintenance. It explores how SMS texting is being used, the impact it can have on the formation and maintenance of interpersonal relationships, and its attraction to particular groups of users. The importance of individual differences in moderating the use and outcomes of text messaging is emphasised throughout the studies reported. The investigation was split into two phases. An exploratory phase analysed samples of …

Go to article

The Impact Of External, Socially Synthetic Forces, Such As Mass Media, Video Games, And The Internet On Human Behavior, George Stanley Reeley Jr. Jan 2007

The Impact Of External, Socially Synthetic Forces, Such As Mass Media, Video Games, And The Internet On Human Behavior, George Stanley Reeley Jr.

Essays in Education

This essay explores the controversial hypothesis of reciprocal determinism, a subset of the Social Cognitive Theory developed by Albert Bandura, Ph.D. The hypothesis suggests that external forces likely influence the behavior of an individual, and in turn, the individual reshapes (reciprocally) society in an escalading cycle of manipulation and modification. Diverse perspectives are gathered from seminal books and peer-reviewed journals in an attempt to substantiate or conceivably refute the notion that mass media, the Internet, video games, and other forms of one-way and interactive technology may be stirring aggressive behavior (by way of modeling), as well as desensitizing children and …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last