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Permeability Of Municipal Solid Waste In Bioreactor Landfill With Degradation, Kiran Kumar Penmethsa

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Bioreactor landfills are operated and controlled to accelerate refuse decomposition, gas production and biological stabilization of the municipal solid waste (MSW). Leachate recirculation in bioreactor landfill creates a favorable environment for rapid microbial decomposition of the biodegradable components of solid waste. Therefore, clear understanding of the mechanism of moisture movement within the solid waste would be necessary for successful design and operation of the bioreactor landfill. Permeability is an important parameter during the design of leachate collection and recirculation system. In the current study an experimental program was designed to determine the variation of coefficient of permeability of MSW with …

Memory T Cells And The Endothelium In Allograft Rejection, Stephen Lawrence Shiao

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Organ transplantation has become increasingly important as a treatment for many human diseases. Despite the dramatic improvements in immunosuppression in recent years, acute and chronic rejection remain significant problems. It has become increasingly evident that the presence of T cell memory correlates with both acute and chronic rejection episodes. Endothelial cells (EC) have been shown to preferentially activate memory T cells and, as the lining of every transplanted organ, they are in a unique position to provide signals to alloreactive memory T cells. EC activation of memory T cells depends in part on the costimulatory molecule LFA-3 in addition to …

Comparative Effects Of Various Metals On The Generation Of Oxidative Damage Using 8-Hydroxy-2’-Deoxyguanosine As A Biomarker, Eugene A. Gibbs Ii-Flournoy

Theses (Pre-2016)

In the recent years of scientific investigation, the role of DNA in disease pathology has become increasingly important. In attempts to understand the effects of foreign materials and energies on DNA structures and interactions, several types of genetic damage have been characterized. One type of genetic malfunction that is of interest to this laboratory is oxidative damage to DNA. Oxidative damage can result when cells are exposed to stimuli such as metallic ions, creating free radicals from metabolic processes that can attack and damage cellular components such as DNA that lead to elevated levels of oxidative stress. The objective of …

Effects Of Microgravity Cardiovascular Functions, Keegan Smiley

Theses (Pre-2016)

Although micro gravity means tiny or reduced gravity, it is a term frequently 􁪽􁪽., applied to label a state of free-fall within a gravitational field in which a comparison is made between the decreasing weight of an object and its stationary weight on Earth. The cardiovascular system undergoes several adaptations during spaceflight as the effects of microgravity allow fluids inside the body to redistribute. This activity is known as a "fluid shift" and is distinguished by a shift in the flow of blood and fluids toward the head. The results of this "fluid shift" are visible in astronauts exhibiting a …

The Effects Of Uranyl Acetate On Oxidative Stress Mediated Signaling On Skin Cells, Tylithia L. Burks

Theses (Pre-2016)

Skin is one of the primary targets for exposure to uranium in the work place through contact in contaminated environments. It is for this reason that the following study is undertaken to investigate the toxic effects of uranyl acetate (UA) in human BJ Foreskin cells. The objective of this study is to analyze the signaling pathway resulting in oxidative stress induced inhibition of cell proliferation by uranyl acetate in BJ Foreskin. The hypothesis is that a dose of 1 mM of uranyl acetate will approximately decrease cell proliferation by 50% compared to control cells. Uranyl acetate is a water-soluble compound …

The Effects Of Microgravity On Liver Function In Mouse, Monique Shuler

Theses (Pre-2016)

The environment of space is one that is currently of great interest to researchers. With so little known concerning microgravity and radiation, both areas pose a particular interest in regards to living organisms. Microgravity is a term commonly applied to a condition of free-fall within a gravitational field in which the weight of an object is reduced compared to its weight at rest on Earth. Upon exposure, the body undergoes numerous changes, especially at the cellular level. Evidence has shown conclusively that many of these effects increase in severity when space travel is extended to long term. Several studies carried …

Defining The Integration Of Mathematics And Science To Support Student Learning, Amanda M. Byrd

Mathematical and Computing Sciences Masters

A study group consisting of math, science and special education teachers sought out to explore research based practices on the impact that the integration of science and math has on student success. The study reflects the process that the group used to achieve integration and the results that they found. Some of the achievements made by the study group was the creation of a tool that served as a guide to making connections in both content areas which was the result of the working relationship formed that fostered the creation of two integrated lessons and would have an impact on …

Effectiveness Of Green Roof Stormwater Treatment Systems Irrigated With Recycled Green Roof Filtrate To Achieve Pollutant Removal With Peak And Volume Reduction In Florida, Martin Wanielista, Michael Hardin

BMP Trains Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Index

Penn State Environmental Law Review (1991 - 2011)

No abstract provided.

Index

Penn State Environmental Law Review (1991 - 2011)

No abstract provided.

Low-Income Minority Mothers’ Reports Of Infant Health Care Utilisation Compared With Medical Records, Kennan D. Murray, Ayman El-Mohandes, M. Nabil El-Khorazaty, Michele Kiely

Publications and Research

This study aimed to investigate mothers’ reporting of the nature, location, frequency and content of health care visits for their infants, as compared with data abstracted from the infants’ medical records. It was part of a community-based parenting intervention designed to improve preventive health care utilisation among minority mothers in Washington, DC. Mothers 18 years old with newborn infants and with poor or no prenatal care were enrolled in the study. A total of 160 mother–infant dyads completed the 12-month study. Mothers were interviewed when the infants were 4, 8 and 12 months old, and were asked to recall infant …

Population Abundance, Sexual Expression, And Gender Ratios Of Marchantia Sp. Along An Elevational Gradient In Monteverde, Costa Rica, May 2007, Laura Garrison

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Fisher’s theory on sex ratios states that a 1:1 ratio of males to females typically will result when both sexes are equally expensive to produce. Many bryophytes, however, tend to express female sex biases. I took two population censuses of Marchantia sp. during dry season and the transition from wet to dry season along the Sendero Principal in Monteverde, Costa Rica, to determine population abundance and sex ratios. Elevation did not significantly correlate with population abundance (Spearman rank correlation census one: rho = -0.213, P = 0.372; census two: rho = -0.118, P = 0.409). I found local female proportions …

Two Agaonid Pollinators Of Ficus Tuerckheimii (Moraceae): Parasitism And Interspecific Competition Within An Obligate Mutualism, May 2007, Marissa Jones

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

The pollinating and non-pollinating wasp fauna of the strangler fig, Ficus tuerckheimii, provide a unique suite of biological relationships in which to observe potential species interactions. Nearly all of the 750 fig species worldwide are pollinated by a single, species-specific agaonid wasp. Pollinated by two congeneric species of fig wasps, Ficus tuerckheimii is a rare exception. I investigated the relationship between the two foundress pollinators as well as the cohort of pollinating and non-pollinating (interloper) wasps that emerge from fig syconia on one tree in Monteverde, Costa Rica. The pollinating species appeared to colonize syconia randomly (R2 = 0.0126, F …

Behavioral Adaptability Of Calling In A Species Of Cricket (Orthoptera: Anastostomatidae) Based On An Increase In Interference From A Heterospecific Natural Chorus In San Luis, Costa Rica, May 2007, Lee Kaiser

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Orthoptera are among the first musicians on earth, and the deep evolutionary history of crickets involving acoustics has allowed them to greatly develop systems to produce and process such sensory information. This study attempts to contribute to the knowledge base of cricket behavioral biology through observation of changes in call characteristics of a species of cricket based on an induced increase in heterospecific natural chorus complexity in San Luis, Costa Rica. A chorus recording was used to induce such an increase in the complexity of the acoustic surroundings of the studied cricket in order to gain insight into how their …

A Database Of Wing Diversity In The Hawaiian Drosophila, Kevin A. Edwards, Linden T. Doescher, Kenneth Y. Kaneshiro, Daisuke Yamamoto

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

Background. Within genus Drosophila, the endemic Hawaiian species offer some of the most dramatic examples of morphological and behavioral evolution. The advent of the Drosophila grimshawi genome sequence permits genes of interest to be readily cloned from any of the hundreds of species of Hawaiian Drosophila, offering a powerful comparative approach to defining molecular mechanisms of species evolution. A key step in this process is to survey the Hawaiian flies for characters whose variation can be associated with specific candidate genes. The wings provide an attractive target for such studies: Wings are essentially two dimensional, and genes controlling wing shape, …

Revision Of The Nonequilibrium Thermal Dissociation And Stringent Washing Approaches For Identification Of Mixed Nucleic Acid Targets By Microarrays, Alex E. Pozhitkov, Robert D. Stedtfeld, Syed A. Hashsham, Peter A. Noble

Faculty Publications

Microarray experiments typically involve washing steps that remove hybridized nonspecific targets with the purpose of improving the signal- to- noise ratio. The quality of washing ultimately affects downstream analysis of the microarray and interpretation. The paucity of fundamental studies directed towards understanding the dissociation of mixed targets from microarrays makes the development of meaningful washing/ dissociation protocols difficult. To fill the void, we examined activation energies and preexponential coefficients of 47 perfect match ( PM) and double- mismatch ( MM) duplex pairs to discover that there was no statistical difference between the kinetics of the PM and MM duplexes. Based …

Experiment Planning For Protein Structure Elucidation And Site-Directed Protein Recombination, Xiaoduan Ye

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

In order to most effectively investigate protein structure and improve protein function, it is necessary to carefully plan appropriate experiments. The combinatorial number of possible experiment plans demands effective criteria and efficient algorithms to choose the one that is in some sense optimal. This thesis addresses experiment planning challenges in two significant applications. The first part of this thesis develops an integrated computational-experimental approach for rapid discrimination of predicted protein structure models by quantifying their consistency with relatively cheap and easy experiments (cross-linking and site-directed mutagenesis followed by stability measurement). In order to obtain the most information from noisy and …

Multicellular Redox Regulation In An Early-Evolving Animal Treated With Glutathione, Joseph Doolen, Gabrielle Geddes, Neil W. Blackstone

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

Redox signaling has emerged as a unifying theme in many seemingly disparate disciplines. Such signaling has been widely studied in bacteria and eukaryotic organelles and is often mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this context, reduced glutathione (GSH) acts as an important intracellular antioxidant, diminishing ROS and potentially affecting redox signaling. Complementing this cell-level perspective, colonial hydroids can be a useful model for understanding organism-level redox signaling. These simple, early-evolving animals consist of feeding polyps connected by tubelike stolons. Colonies treated exogenously with GSH or reduced glutathione ethyl ester (GEE) were expected to show a morphological change to sheetlike …

Autotrophic Denitrification Of Groundwater In A Granular Sulfur-Packed Up-Flow Reactor, Shih-Hui Pan

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Autotrophic denitrification is an effective treatment technique for nitrate removal from groundwater. Six basic elements are required for the growth of autotrophic denitrifiers: (1) electron donor, (2) electron acceptor, (3) active bacteria, (4) anoxic/anaerobic environment, (5) micronutrients, and (6) optimum pH and temperature. In this research, granular sulfur is an electron donor; nitrate is an electron acceptor; anoxic and anaerobic environment was maintained in the reactor, and micronutrients were added; pH was controlled between 6 and 9, and temperature was maintained at the room temperature (20 + 2 oC). Batch reactor and continuous up-flow reactor experiments were carried out to …

Interactive And Textbook Lessons In Science Instruction: Combining Strategies To Engage Students In Learning, Christina Puentes

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Students in elementary classrooms are not receiving science instruction that is engaging and challenging. The review of the literature indicates that the way that the information is presented has more of an impact on the students than simply whether they comprehend the information. Studies show that hands-on science instruction allows success beyond the classroom, hands-on activities excite students about leaning and science in general, and that the hands-on activities create confidence in the children. Research also indicates that students who receive textbook based lessons earn scores similar to students who learn through hands-on lessons. This study explores the effects of …

Inside Earth, Volume 10, No. 1, Spring 2007, Rodney D. Horrocks, Cave And Karst Program (U.S.)

Inside Earth

Contents: Accelerated Cave Lighting/Lampflora Tests -- Everglades National Park, Surveying the Southern Most Cave in the Continental US -- Testing Light Intensity Dataloggers at Mammoth Cave -- Park Updates

Importance Of Early Successional Forest For Wildlife In Southern New England, Amy Wynia

Senior Honors Projects

Many bird species that require early successional forest are declining in the Northeast U.S. because such habitat is relatively rare and when they inhabit the more common mature forests or suburban areas they are less successful. Early successional forest is maintained by regular disturbance (wind, fire, clear-cutting, and flooding) which has been happening less frequently during the past 50 years. Bird species that have declined during this time and which inhabit early successional forest include ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), chestnut-sided warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica), gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), field sparrow (Spizella pusilla), golden-winged warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera), eastern …

Sailing The Straits Of Approval: The Nature Of Fda Approval And Its Implications For Surgeons, David Reiter Md

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

Products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for one use are often put to other uses. This practice, known colloquially as "off-label usage," is neither illegal nor unethical. Physicians can and should pursue scientifically sound use supported by medical evidence. The FDA requires only that we:

--Be well informed about the product
--Base its use on firm scientific rationale and sound medical evidence, if available
--Maintain records of the product’s use and effects
--Carry out good medical practice
--Use good judgment
--Consider the best interests of the patient before all else

Hper Biomechanics Laboratory 2006 Annual Report, Issue 5, Nebraska Biomechanics Core Facility

Biomechanics Annual Report

This issue features Peripheral Arterial Disease and Geriatrics Research Update, Lab Expands with New Personnel, Labor on NIH Grant Is, “Gratifying Labor” States Dr. Stergiou, Federal Grant On Cerebral Palsy: Joint Venture Demonstrates Progress, Evolution of Wireless Gait Analysis, Innovations of Robotic Assisted Surgery Research, Incorporating Virtual Reality, Events in the Lab, Dr. Stergiou Awarded Outstanding Graduate Mentor , Collaborations in Orthopedics, The Media Features Efforts in HPER Biomechanics Lab , Other Continuing Collaborations, Other Exciting News, Publications for 2006 and The 2006-2007 HPER Biomechanics Laboratory.

Comparison Between Intraarticular Triamcinolone Acetonide And Methylprednisolone Acetate Injections In Treatment Of Frozen Shoulder, Riyadh A. Sakeni, Marwan Sm Al-Nimer

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg) and methylprednisolone acetate (60 mg) in Iraqi patients with primary and secondary frozen shoulder. METHODS: A total number of 135 (93 males and 42 females) patients with frozen shoulder, allocated at outpatient clinic of rheumatology in Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital (Baghdad-Iraq) from January 2004 to December 2005, were enrolled in non-controlled clinical trial. The diagnosis of frozen shoulder was made using the guidelines for shoulder complaint issued by the Dutch College of General Practitioners. Intraarticular injections of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide (46 males and 22 females) or 60 mg methylprednisolone acetate …

Association In Associations: Network Dynamics In Dermatology Research, Rebecca M. Minnillo

Student Scholarship

The work of scientists is heterogeneous-a series of interactions within networks composed of individuals from diverse fields and disciplines (Star & Griesemer, 1989). Generation of new knowledge is essential in the organizations in which these individuals associate; the bridge that holds them together. Knowledge generation takes place at both the individual and collective levels (Brown and Duguid, 1998). Professional organizations attract individuals because they provide a unique forum, a space in which they converge to pursue common goals. Actor-network Theory (ANT) is concerned with how heterogeneous networks and the associations that comprise them come into existence and operate to construct …

Redistribution Of Crop Residues During Row Cultivation Creates A Biologically Enhanced Environment For Soil Microorganisms, M. Susana Grigera, Rhae A. Drijber, Brian J. Wienhold

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Formation of ridges during row cultivation creates microsites that could enhance spatial heterogeneity of soil properties, such as organic C, and thereby influence soil microbial communities. A study was conducted during 2003 near Shelton, NE, on a corn (Zea mays L.) field mapped using apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). New ridges were built each year with a row cultivator when corn reached the V3–V4 growth stage. Cultivation increased labile C fractions and soil microbial biomass in the row position for all ECa classes. Canonical discrimination analysis showed no clear differences in relative abundance of specific microbial groups among ECa classes …

Bioengineering Of Protein Nanotubes And Protein Nanomaterial Composites, Thilak Kumara Mudalige

Dissertations

Flagella of Mesophilic bacteria such as E. coli are extremely ordered structures consisting of self-assemblies of flagellin 11-mers resulting in protein nanotubes of 2--3 nm inner diameter, 23 nm outer diameter, several microns in length and 5.4 nm separation between 11-mer segments. They are as a result attractive scaffolds and templates for the generation of uniform nanotubes and ordered array of nanoparticles. In this study fusion protein of bacterial flagellin (Fli C) and core thioredoxin (Trx), pFliTrx was used as peptide display on bacterial flagella. This was accomplished in the current research by introducing various peptide loops such as cysteine, …

Rescue The Americans With Disabilities Act From Restrictive Interpretations: Alcoholism As An Illustration, Judith J. Johnson

Northern Illinois University Law Review

The article posits that judicial interpretations have virtually eliminated many impairments, such as alcoholism, from protection under the Americans with Disabilities Act, contrary to obvious Congressional intent. While this phenomenon is not limited to alcoholism, it is a useful illustration of the damage judicial activism has caused in this area. In enacting the ADA, Congress was particularly concerned about "stereotypic assumptions" that created myths and fears about disabled people. Alcoholics are often subjected to discrimination because of such assumptions and because they are not perceived as having a "real" illness. Moreover, Congress referred to alcoholism many times in the legislative …

Characterization Of Hypersensitive Response Related Genes Of Arabidopsis Thaliana, Keluo Yao

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

Like most complex living organisms, plants have many mechanisms to prevent disease by microbial pathogens. One of the most important and well developed defense systems that involve recognition, identification and systematic response is the hypersensitive response.

The hypersensitive response is a complex, early defense response against pathogens that causes necrosis and cell death at the site of infection to restrict the spread of pathogen. Hypersensitive response is a type of programmed cell death, and its activation usually happens when the plant recognizes a pathogen through an elicitor. This recognition triggers a series of signal transductions events which end in the …