Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of Climatic Warming On The Pacific Walrus, And Potential Modification Of Its Helminth Fauna [Critical Comment], Robert L. Rausch, John C, George, Harry K. Brower

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The decreasing extent of sea-ice in the arctic basin as a consequence of climatic warming is modifying the behavior and diets of pagophilic pinnipeds, including the Pacific walrus, Odobenus rosmarus divergens Illiger, the species emphasized here. Mammals such as the walrus and bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben), cannot remain associated with the sea-ice, and continue to feed on their usual diet of benthic invertebrates inhabiting coastal waters to a depth of approximately 100 m, when the northwestward retreating ice reaches deep waters beyond the margins of the continental shelf. With reduction of their customary substrate (ice), the walrus has become …

Toward A Population Health Model Of Segmented Assimilation: The Case Of Low Birth Weight In Los Angeles, Brian K. Finch, Nelson Lim, William Perez, D. Phuong Do

Faculty Publications

The authors adapt the segmented assimilation theory to a model population health, which posits that assimilation is actually harmful to migrants' health. The authors also specify models of individual and contextual factors to indirectly test the theory of segmented assimilation - a theory that posits interactions between individual and residential circumstances. Using Year 2000 vital statistics data merged with 2000 U.S. census data from Los Angeles County, the authors model the probability of being born low birth weight among the native and foreign born. Results confirm an immigrant advantage at the individual level and protective effects of immigrant coresidence at …

Inside Unlv, Diane Russell, Erin O'Donnell, Cate Weeks, Shane Bevell, Grace Russell

Inside UNLV

No abstract provided.

Unlv Magazine, Cate Weeks, Erin O'Donnell, Shane Bevell, Barbara Cloud, Joy Drohan, Adam Baer, Holly Ivy De Vore, Gian Galassi, Eric Leake

UNLV Magazine

No abstract provided.

Empirical Evaluation Of Physical Activity Recommendations For Weight Control In Women, Suzanne Phelan, Marta Roberts, Wei Lang, Rena R. Wing

Kinesiology and Public Health

Purpose:Recent recommendations advise 30-60 min of physical activity per day to prevent weight gain and 60-90 min to prevent weight regain. No studies have used objective measures of physical activity to verify these public health recommendations. The purpose of this study was to use objective measures to quantify the amount and intensity of physical activity in a weight-loss-maintainer group and an always-normal-weight group, and, thus, empirically evaluate the recommendations for prevention of weight gain versus regain.

Methods: The weight-loss-maintainer group (N= 135) lost ≥ 30.6 kg, maintained ≥ 10% weight loss for 14.2 yr, and had a BMI of …

2007 Fall Vol. 24 No. 2, Alumni Affairs School Of Medicine

Medicinews

No abstract provided.

Role Of Actin Cytoskeletal Dynamics In Activation Of The Cyclic Amp Pathway And Hwp1 Gene Expression In Candida Albicans, Michael J. Wolyniak, Paula Sundstrom

Dartmouth Scholarship

Changes in gene expression during reversible bud-hypha transitions of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans permit adaptation to environmental conditions that are critical for proliferation in host tissues. Our previous work has shown that the hypha-specific adhesin gene HWP1 is up-regulated by the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway. However, little is known about the potential influences of determinants of cell morphology on HWP1 gene expression. We found that blocking hypha formation with cytochalasin A, which destabilizes actin filaments, and with latrunculin A, which sequesters actin monomers, led to a loss of HWP1 gene expression. In contrast, high levels of HWP1 …

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Root Colonization And Inoculum Propagules In Deciduos Floodplain Forests Of Southwestern Michigan, Usa, Peter G. Avis, Sara D. Foster, Paul D. Olexia

Faculty and Professional Research

We examined the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi of temperate deciduous floodplain forests in southwest Michigan, USA, and the relationship between soil moisture and AM fungal root colonization and inoculum. In four floodplain forests, AM root colonization was measured for roots collected from soil samples taken along soil moisture, micro-topography and vegetation gradients. An AM fungal inoculum bioassay was also conducted using these samples to measure the amount of infective propagules found across these gradients. Although soil moisture had no significant effect on either AM parameter measured, the effect of forest site was significant in most instances. We also found a …

Permission To Change: The Role Of Culture And Cultural Tourism In Development, Heather Houser

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The Batwa are an indigenous people living throughout areas of central equatorial Africa. In Uganda, they constitute a small minority and live in parts of the West and Southwest, primarily in the districts of Bundibugyo, Kabale, Kisoro and Kanungu. This study was conducted in Kisoro District and the data deals primarily with the Batwa that live there. Many of the Batwa’s ancestral homelands were declared national parks in 1991. The Batwa were forced to leave and were given no compensation. As a result, many of them are now squatters and have been forced to beg for a living. Several organizations …

Local And National Health Advancement Using The Power Of Sport In South Africa, Lisa Zook

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

South Africa currently suffers greatly from disease and poverty. In particular, the country has a remarkably high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. This study looks at how the popularity of sport is being used to combat these social and health concerns. Many believe the power of sport is one means by which educational messages can be communicated to the public. Over a period of one month, three different sports related non-governmental organizations (NGOs) were examined. Two of the organizations, PeacePlayers International, which uses basketball to teach HIV/AIDS education and personal development, and loveLife Games, which uses sport to attract youth to their …

An Observational Analysis Of Psychosocial Behaviors And Caregiver Responses In The Durban Children’S Home, Sarah Young

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In South Africa, many children find themselves in at risk situations arising from issues like HIV, abuse, and poverty, which highly impact their mental well being by forcing them into unlivable situations. The Durban Children’s Home, located in Glenwood, Durban, works to tackle this problem, providing facilities, meals, and care for 75 homeless, abused, terminally ill, and/or poverty stricken children. Yet in coming from situations where children no longer have support of their primary caregiver or environment, these children require quality psychosocial attention in the Home. However when basic needs of so many children must be met in an institutional …

The Realization Of The Rights To Health, Education And Social Welfare Among Disabled Youth In Ingwavuma And Bhambanana, Kwazulu Natal, Ali Mumford

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This practicum based study was completed in an effort to explore the realization of the rights to health, education and social welfare for disabled children in Ingwavuma and Bhambana, KwaZulu Natal. Very little research has been done on disabled children in South Africa, and estimations of prevalence range from 3.3-6.4%. The absence of accurate data creates a situation where implementation of policy and delivery of services is slow and does not always address the most urgent needs. The new South Africa aimed to bring rights and freedom to all groups of people, but the question which this study attempts to …

The Learning Organization In A Post-Development Era: A Case Study On Orgnizational Development At The Valley Trust, Justin Haruyama

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In the past two decades, the rise of Post-Development theory has witnessed the questioning of the core assumptions of development. Post-Development theorists point to the failures of “development” to create significant decreases in poverty or inequality worldwide. Meanwhile, other theorists call for radical transformations of conventional practice. This paper seeks to grapple with these questions, using the example of The Valley Trust, a development NGO in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, as an entry point into the debate. Research was conducted over a four-week period through a mixture of participant observation and formal interviews with staff members of The Valley Trust. An …

Evaluating The Medicinal Properties Of Mandravasarotra (Cinnamosa Sida) Through Chemical And Pharmacological Screening, Henry J. Bowden Jr.

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

I worked for four weeks at the University of Antananarivo (Ankatso), spending two weeks each in the chemistry and pharmacology laboratories. There I ran a total of eight experiments or “screens” with an alcoholic extract of the medicinal plant Mandravasarotra. This plant is found mainly in northwestern Madagascar, and is often used to stimulate contractions for women having difficulty giving birth. The plant tested positive for three secondary metabolites: tannins, steroids and flavanoids. In the pharmacological tests, the plant exhibited anti-inflammatory properties, and high toxicity in doses exceeding 10ml/kg. Together, conjectures may be made between what is known of the …

The Microcredit Impact: The Evaluation And Effects Of Microloans On Caboclos Communities Of The Tapajós River, Robert Chew

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In 2002, Projeto Saúde e Alegria, an NGO dedicated to improving the health, education and socio-economic situation of rural caboclos communities of the greater Santarém region of Pará, began a microcredit program to facilitate the creation of alternative sources of income and poverty reduction within the communities. Three years later in 2005, the program was cancelled indefinitely due to low repayment rates. The following study attempts to identify and analyze what problems occurred within the microcredit program that led to the project’s eventual failure. Additionally, speculation into whether the program helped certain communities reduce poverty will also be investigated to …

Liberation Theology In The 21st Century: The Catholic Church, The Cpt, And Rural Movements In Southern Pará, Eleanor Sharp

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This study explores the present-day manifestation of liberation theology in the south of Pará, Brazil. Liberation theology has been widely recognized as an important development in theology and Latin American history that helped spark social movements across South and Central America in the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. In the Brazilian Amazon, progressive Church workers (mainly Catholic) have been historically aligned with movements to protect and regain land rights for poor rural workers. Because these movements and organizations are the primary defenders of human rights in this part of Brazil, researching the changing role of religion in their work is important …

Spartan Daily, October 1, 2007, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 129, Issue 19

Tuberculosis And Malnutrition, Talabporn Harnroongroj, Panata Migasena

Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine

Tuberculosis is a major cause of deaths worldwide, with most of the 1.9 million deaths per year attributable to the disease occurring in developing countries. Thailand ranks seventeenth among 22 countries significantly suffering from tuberculosis. Malnutrition is an important risk factor for the development of tuberculosis since nutritional deficiency is vitally associated with impaired immune responses, particularly cell mediated immunity, phagocyte function, cytokines production. Epidemiological observations have confirmed that infection and malnutrition aggravate each other. Obviously, maintaining a good nutritional status and adequate micronutrients stores in the body are essential for mounting an effective immune responses to opportunistic infections. Well …

Effects Of Quercetin On Acute Toxicity Of Rat Spleen And Chromosome Aberrations In Bone Marrow Induced By Nickel Chloride, Naovarat Tarasub, Chinnawat Tarasub, Watcharaporn Devakul Na Ayutthaya, Teeradech Suramana

Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine

Quercetin, one of the major flavonoids in some fruits and vegetables, has much stronger antioxidative and anticarcinogenic activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of quercetin in attenuating the histological changes of spleen and chromosome aberrations in rat bone marrow after NiCl₂ acute poisoning. Male Wistar rats received either NiCl₂ alone in the dose of 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg and pretreatment with quercetin in the dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for one hour before administration of NiCl₂ 300 mg/kg by single oral gavage. Spleen was removed and cells in …

Refugee Diet In A Context Of Urban Displacement Part Two: Selecting And Incorporating Food: Diet And Perceptions Of Risk Among Southern Sudanese Refugees Living In Cairo, Peroline Ainsworth

Faculty Journal Articles

The changes in diet and food consumption practices experienced after displacement can have serious implications for the physiological health of forced migrants and refugees, as noted in Part One.1 These changes can also express cultural loss and social dislocation; the exchange, sharing, preparation and consumption of foods carry important social and cultural values and significances that often reflect and reinforce the very modes of social organization and codes of conduct which become undermined and fractured during displacement (Counihan et al. 1997:3, see also Levi-Strauss 1978, Mead 1970, Appadurai 1981). Altering and reconstructing food consumption habits and feeding practices is therefore …

Refugee Diet In A Context Of Urban Displacement Part One: Some Notes On The Food Consumption Of Southern Sudanese Refugees Living In Cairo, Peroline Ainsworth

Faculty Journal Articles

The changes in food consumption practices experienced after displacement can have serious implications for the health of refugees. These changes can also reflect and express cultural loss and shifts in social structures and habits. Altering and reconstructing food consumption habits and feeding practices is integral to people’s adjustment to and experience of displacement. However, research on the nature and impacts of changing food consumption practices among displaced populations, particularly those living in urban areas in the developing world, is scarce. The following report describes the findings of a 12-month exploratory study that aimed to document changes in food consumption among …

Research And Development Project Valuation And Licensing Negotiations At Phytopharm Plc, Pascale Crama, Bert De Reyck, Zeger Degraeve, Wang Chong

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We describe a research and development project-valuation model developed for Phytopharm plc, a pharmaceutical development and functional food company based in Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom. Phytopharm uses the model to value the projects in its research and development portfolio, and in licensing negotiations with potential product development and marketing partners. We include different valuation methods, including net present value, decision analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation. We also consider the technological risks of product development, as well as the uncertainty of commercial success. In addition to determining a value for a product in development, the model proposes appropriate licensing contract structures. A …

Learning Opportunities 2007/2008, Illinois Mathematics And Science Academy

Course Catalogs

The graduation requirements of the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy are in concert with those maintained by the State of Illinois with additional requirements as established by the IMSA Board of Trustees. Each semester students must take a minimum of 2.5 credits and a maximum of 3.5 credits. One-semester classes generally receive .5 credits and two semester classes (e.g., World Languages) generally receive 1.0 credit. Most students will take between 5 and 7 academic classes per semester. Fine Arts, Wellness, and Independent Study courses do not count towards the 2.5 credit minimum. However, if a student wishes to take 3.5 …

Medical Judgment In Court And In Congress - Abortion, Refusing Treatment, And Drug Regulation, George J. Annas

Faculty Scholarship

Over the past four decades, the courts and Congress have consistently granted almost unqualified deference to physicians (and medical ethics), at least for treatment decisions made in the context of a consensual physician-patient relationship. The primary exception to this harmonious deference is the 2007 abortion decision of Gonzales v. Carhart, 127 S. Ct. 1610 (2007), and it is reasonable to review our continuing and seemingly intractable legal debate over abortion and the physician's role in it to determine if it could erode judicial and congressional deference to medical judgment in other areas of medical practice and medical ethics.

The Effects Of Mechanical Disking On Shrub Steppe Ecosystems And Greater Sage Grouse Use In Pine Valley, Utah 2007 Annual Report, Rhett L. Boswell, Nicole S. Frey

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

2007 October, Office Of Communications & Marketing, Morehead State University.

Morehead State Press Release Archive, 1961 to the Present

Press releases for October of 2007.

Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis: Retrospective Review Of 86 Cases, Zuhair R Al-Bahrani

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to present our experience in the management of gastrointestinal tuberculosis in Iraq. PATIENTS&METHODS: 86 cases with intestinal tuberculosis were histologically proven by endoscopy or surgery, during the period 1965-2004 at the Medical City Teaching Hospital, & two private hospitals (Alousi & Mustansiria), Baghdad. RESULTS: 54(62.8%) were female and 32(37.2%) were male. Age ranged from 6-82 years (mean 33yrs), peak 30-39 years. Clinical presentation were; intestinal obstruction 44(51.2%), abdominal mass 20(23.3%), malabsorption 13(13%), massive gastrointestinal bleeding 3(3.5%), peritonitis 3(3.5%), pyloric obstruction 2(2.3%) and dysphagia 1(1.2%) patients. Chest X-ray reported; normal in 62(72.1%), active …

Respiratory Distress In Full Term Newborns, Numan Nafie Hameed

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Respiratory distress (RD) is among the most common symptom complexes seen in the newborn infant. It may result from both non-cardiopulmonary and cardiopulmonary causes. OBJECTIVES: This study Aimed to assess some possible risk factors, types, and short term out come of RD in full term newborns. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case control study extending along a 6 months period from 1st of October 2006 to 31st of march 2007, during which a 50 full term newborns with RD, who were admitted to the NICU of Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Medical City-Baghdad, and enrolled with another 50 full term …

The Bg News September 28, 2007, Bowling Green State University

BG News (Student Newspaper)

The BGSU campus student newspaper. September 28, 2007. Volume 98-Issue 30.

Mustang Daily, September 27, 2007

Cal Poly Student Newspaper

Student newspaper of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA.