Digital Commons Network^™

The Little Engine That Could: The Success Of The Stewardship Contracting Authority, Kimberly Hausbeck

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Osteopontin Mediates Obesity-Induced Adipose Tissue Macrophage Infiltration And Insulin Resistance In Mice, Takashi Nomiyama, Diego Perez-Tilve, Daisuke Ogawa, Florence Gizard, Yue Zhao, Elizabeth B. Heywood, Karrie L. Jones, Ryuzo Kawamori, Lisa A. Cassis, Matthias H. Tschöp, Dennis Bruemmer

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Obesity is associated with a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation characterized by abnormal cytokine production and macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, which may contribute to the development of insulin resistance. During immune responses, tissue infiltration by macrophages is dependent on the expression of osteopontin, an extracellular matrix protein and proinflammatory cytokine that promotes monocyte chemotaxis and cell motility. In the present study, we used a murine model of diet-induced obesity to examine the role of osteopontin in the accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages and the development of insulin resistance during obesity. Mice exposed to a high-fat diet exhibited increased plasma …

Glycaemic Index, Glycaemic Load And Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Meera Jain, Geoffrey R. Howe, Anthony B. Miller, Thomas E. Rohan

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background

There is some evidence that plasma insulin levels might influence ovarian cancer risk. The glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) are measures that allow the carbohydrate content of individual foods to be classified according to their postprandial glycaemic effects and hence their effects on circulating insulin levels. Therefore, we examined ovarian cancer risk in association with GI and GL, and intake of dietary carbohydrate and sugar.

Methods

The study was conducted in a prospective cohort of 49 613 Canadian women enrolled in the National Breast Screening Study (NBSS) who completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) between 1980 and …

Hepatosplenic Abscess In Brucellosis., Ocal Sirmatel, Pelin Yazgan, Fatma Sirmatel, Adil Ozturk

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Use Of Computer Technologies By Educators In Urban Community Science Education Programs, Alexey Kudryavtsev, Marianne Krasny, Gretchen Ferenz, Lisa Babcock

Journal of Extension

This article examines the factors that influence computer use by youth educators working in community-based organizations in urban, low-income communities. Although access to computers technologies is not a limiting factor and educator computer skills are generally adequate, attitudes about the importance of computer use in youth programs and awareness of the content of computer tools and types of applications do appear to limit the use of computers. Extension programs should provide training opportunities for community educators to develop their computer skills and raise their awareness of the diversity of computer and related learning technologies.

A Preliminary Study Of The Meanings Children Attach To Healthy And Unhealthy Lifestyles, Jennifer Paff Ogle, Susan S. Baker, Jan B. Carroll, Brian D. Butki

Journal of Extension

The preliminary study reported here explored meanings children attach to healthfulness and unhealthfulness. Focus groups were conducted to collect qualitative data on these topics from 64 children aged 5 to 12 years. Data were analyzed for key themes, and a model of children's logic about healthfulness and unhealthfulness was developed. Among participants, behavioral antecedents related to food intake, exercise participation, and hygiene habits were seen as linked to well-being and appearance outcomes. Findings point to a need for developmentally appropriate educational programming that underscores varied ways to lead a healthy lifestyle and promotes the healthfulness and beauty of diverse bodies.

Preventing Diabetes: You Have The Power To Take Action, Marilyn Corbin, Nancy Ellen Kiernan, Mary Alice Gettings

Journal of Extension

This article describes an educational program for preventing diabetes that was designed through collaboration led by Penn State Cooperative Extension. The evaluation revealed that citizens who thought they were at risk for diabetes will come to a prevention program on diabetes, learn among other things, ways to reduce risks, and the symptoms and tests for diabetes. Most participants revealed that as a result of the program, they would take two to three prevention actions within a 3-month period to reduce their risk of diabetes.

Food Choices And Coping Strategies During Periods Of Perceived Food Shortage: Perspectives From Four Racial/Ethnic Groups, Stephany Parker, Vlasta Pinto, Tay Kennedy, Joshua A. Phleps

Journal of Extension

The study reported here aimed to develop a better understanding of ethnic differences in food choices during times of perceived food shortage. Eight focus groups were conducted with limited income women between the ages of 18 to 35 years--two each with Native American, Hispanic, African American, and White participants. Content analysis of transcripts indicated differences and similarities with respect to food choices and coping strategies. Results of the study have important implications for the development of culturally appropriate and financially realistic nutrition education programming with diverse populations.

Can Cross-Cultural Engagement Improve The Land-Grant University?, Craig A. Hassel

Journal of Extension

Cultural diversity goes beyond political correctness, cutting to the core academic mission of constructing knowledge. Cooperative Extension faculty who develop intercultural competence can be leaders in bringing diverse forms of knowledge to land-grant universities. Engaging people with knowledge that does not correspond to scientific models or worldviews challenges scientific professionals to identify what they take for granted. Examples show how cross-cultural engagement can improve classroom teaching and research.

Longitudinal Study Of The General Knowledge Of 4-H Horse Members, Jenifer Nadeau, Emily Mccabe Alger, Tom Hoagland

Journal of Extension

In the longitudinal (3 year) study reported here, a general knowledge exam was used to determine strengths and weaknesses of 4-H youth in six New England states competing at the Eastern States Exposition 4-H Horse Show. One hundred multiple-choice questions were divided into 10 categories with 10 questions in each category and then randomized. Mean exam scores differed based on age, discipline, state, years of attendance, and test category. This method may offer a way to track progress over time of 4-H youth and assess the effectiveness of targeted program planning in states.

Engagement In English Language Learner (Ell) Latino, Hmong, And Somali Communities, Debby Newman, Pa Nhia Yang

Journal of Extension

Research documents the importance of engagement between universities and potential learners. Yet more studies are needed to determine community engagement efficacy with underserved communities, especially English Language Learners. This article shares the importance of using various types of engagement. For instance, multicultural students hired by the University of Minnesota Extension INFO-U answer service to work in their respective communities worked with advisory boards, made community visits, and conducted focus groups. All affected the number of INFO-U's callers and Web visitors. Some groups were more likely to use INFO-U's services after engagement. For others, automation was not a cultural fit.

Advancing Cooperative Extension With Podcast Technology, Kui Xie, Mengmeng Gu

Journal of Extension

Recently, a new form of technology-mediated communication, podcast, has been blooming, and it has been applied in various fields for knowledge distribution. Podcast, which combines the power of radio broadcast and Internet, has a great potential for advancing Extension. This article shares the background on podcasting, analyzes issues and problems in current Extension programs, discusses the attributes of podcast for advancing Extension, and introduces current podcasting programs and future directions of podcasting in Extension.

Factors Influencing Medical Student Participation In An Obstetrics And Gynaecology Clinic, Ferha Saeed, Mahwash Kassi, Samia Ayub, Rabeea Rehman, Pashtoon M. Kasi, Javed H. Rizvi

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective: To identify factors influencing medical student participation in an obstetrics and gynaecology (OBGYN) setting.
Methods:This was a cross sectional study carried out on patients admitted in OBGYN wards of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 250 patients consented to participate in this study.
Results: Eighty three percent of the people responded 'yes' to the question of being initially seen by a medical student. People who consented were 3.5 times more likely to know that their primary consultant was a teacher at a medical school i.e. they were initially aware that they were in a teaching …

Child Well-Being: A Beneficial Advocacy Framework For Improving The Child Welfare System?, Sarah H. Ramsey

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This Article explores the advantages and disadvantages of child well-being as a child welfare system advocacy framework. It examines the use of the concept of child well-being as a social indicator and the importance of poverty rates to the child welfare system. It also examines the use of child well-being as an outcome measure for the child welfare system, in particular in Child and Family Service Reviews ("CFSRs") and court evaluations. The possible impact of the child wellbeing concept is considered in the context of several programs, including income supports and problem-solving courts. The Article concludes that, overall, well-being provides …

Looking Ahead: A Personal Vision Of The Future Of Child Welfare Law, Donald N. Duquette

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

The participants in the Thirtieth Anniversary Celebration of the Child Advocacy Law Clinic were all challenged to envision the future of child welfare and to address these questions: What should the law and legal institutions governing children's rights and child and family welfare look like in thirty more years? What steps are necessary to achieve those goals? After setting out the historical and optimistic circumstance in which the Child Advocacy Law Clinic was founded, this Article responds to the organizing questions by presenting the author's vision of the future of child welfare law and practice. When families fail children, what …

Juvenile Justice: The Nathaniel Abraham Murder Case, Eugene Arthur Moore

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Once in a while, a case will come along that has such an enormous impact on the law that it is certain to draw attention. One such case was the Nathaniel Abraham murder case----a case involving the sentencing of a young eleven-year-old child in a system designed for older juvenile offenders, which demonstrated some of the novel and important issues facing the juvenile courts today. With the onset of such issues, the Juvenile Justice System has developed into a complex field of vital importance. Investing in the Juvenile Justice System allows us to invest in our future. Although frequently viewed …

Bmi Tracking In Mexican American Children In Relation To Maternal Bmi, Norma Olvera, Shreela Sharma, Richard Suminski, Augusto Rodríguez, Thomas Power

Faculty and Staff Publications

Objective: To assess body mass index (BMI [kg/m2]) tracking over a four-year period in 4- to 8-year-old Mexican American (MA) children and to explore associations between mother and child's BMI.

Design: A longitudinal study design was used to assess 138 subjects (69 MA children and 69 MA mothers). Children were classified as normal weight if age- and sex-specific BMI was < 85th percentile and overweight or at-risk for overweight if BMI was > or = 85th percentile. Mothers with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 were classified as normal weight and overweight if BMI was > or = 25 kg/m2.

Results: The percentages of children overweight or at-risk for overweight were 34.8%, 36.2%, 40.6% and 39.1% for years 1-4, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the children's …

Implications Of An Independent Kosovo For Russia’S Near Abroad, Zoe Hunter, Samuel T. Schwabe, Melissa Sinclair, Michael H. Hoffman, Michael Baranick, Daniel L. Burghart

Defense and Technology Papers

This paper evaluates the argument that Kosovo’s situation represents a precedent for separatists elsewhere by comparing it to the four regions in the Former Soviet Union most often cited in relation to it and is intended to highlight the similarities and differences between these cases, to facilitate negotiations on the resolution of the final status of Kosovo.

Seasonal Variation In Diet Of The Cotton Rat (Sigmodon Hispidus) Based On Fecal Analysis, Lynn A. Walker

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Cotton rats, Sigmodon hispidus, live in oldfields, habitats with a variety of mostly herbaceous plants. Based on other studies, the hispid cotton rat eats predominantly grasses, but grasses rarely are the only food. Fecal samples were collected each month during an ongoing capture-mark-release demographic study of the rodent community at a location in southern Chesapeake, Virginia. In the lab, five fecal pellets per animal were stained, placed on a microscope slide, and covered with starch-gel medium and coverslip. Then a clear nail polish was applied to produce a semi-permanent slide. Using a microscope and a set of reference slides, plant …

Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy For Primary Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction., Farhad Farahani, Farnaz Hashemian, Mohammad M. Fazlian

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Philosophy And Theology: Notes On Reponses To The Papal Allocution On Life-Sustaining Treatments And Vegetative State, Christopher Kaczor

Philosophy Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

การออกกำลังกายในภาวะอ้วน, วิชิต ศุภเมธางกูร

Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine

No abstract provided.

Bats Of Barbuda, Northern Lesser Antilles, Scott C. Pedersen, Peter A. Larsen, Hugh H. Genoways, Matthew Morton, Kevel C. Lindsay, Jerry Cindric

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Five species of bats are known to occur on the Lesser Antillean island of Barbuda—Noctilio leporinus, Monophyllus plethodon, Brachyphylla cavernarum, Tadarida brasiliensis, and Molossus molossus. During the present study, two additional species of bats—Artibeus jamaicensis and Natalus stramineus—were added to the chiropteran fauna of the island. Although the ecological diversity of Barbuda is limited, this bat fauna matches those of islands in the region such as Antigua, Nevis, and St. Kitts. It is proposed that this biodiversity of bats is maintained because of the geology of Barbuda provides ample roosting sites and access to freshwater …

Growth Charts For Saudi Children And Adolescents., Mohammad I. El-Mouzan, Abdullah S. Al-Herbish, Abdullah A. Al-Salloum, Mansour M. Qurachi, Ahmad A. Al-Omar

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVES: To establish reference growth charts for Saudi children and adolescents. METHODS: Multi-stage probability sampling of a cross-section of Saudi children and adolescents residing in all 13 regions of the Kingdom. Family interviews, and physical examinations of children and adolescents from birth to 19 years of age were conducted over a 2-year period (2004-2005). Only healthy children and adolescents were included for the measurement of length/stature, weight, and head circumference. All measurements were performed by trained physicians and nurses according to World Health Organization guidelines. Percentile construction and smoothing were performed using the LMS (lambda, mu, sigma) methodology. RESULTS: Determination …

Prevalence And Trends In Obesity Among School Boys In Central Saudi Arabia Between 1988 And 2005., Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVES: To determine the trends in body fatness and obesity among Saudi primary schoolboys using the data from 2 cross-sectional studies conducted in 1988 and 2005. METHODS: Two sets of data were analyzed. The first set (n=1082) was conducted in 1988 and the second (n=702) set was conducted in 2005. Both studies used multistage random samples involving primary-school boys aged 6-14 years from Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Measurements included weight (Wt), height (Ht), biacromial (BA) and bi-iliac (BI) widths, triceps (T), subscapular (S) skinfolds, S/T ratio, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (fat%), lean body mass (LBM), and …

Malnutrition, And Anthropometric And Biochemical Abnormalities In End-Stage Renal Disease Patients., Reema F. Tayyem, Majd T. Mrayyan

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVES: To detect and compare the degree of malnutrition as well as the anthropometric and biochemical abnormalities among male and female patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out at hemodialysis units in 7 Jordanian hospitals, between 2004 - 2005. Two hundred and seventeen ESRD outpatients who underwent hemodialysis were recruited using the convenience-sampling technique. A subjective global assessment (SGA) was used to assess the degree of malnutrition in both male and female patients. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were also assessed in all patients. RESULTS: The SGA suggested that 50% of females were well nourished …

The Effect Of Propolisis And Mesalazine On Bacterial Translocation In An Experimental Colitis Model., Ahmet Aslan, Meryem Cetin, Muhyittin Temiz, Nuray Sahinler, Elmir Besirov, Nedim Aban

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Peroneal Tendon Dislocation. A Tendon Protective And Bone Preserving Technique Of Stabilization., Alain Akiki, Yvan Arlettaz, Xavier Crevoisier

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

A Histopathological Study Of Chronic Granulomatous Lymphadenitis., Nadya Y. Ahmed, Waffa O. Mohammed-Ali

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Does Interference Competition With Wolves Limit The Distribution And Abundance Of Coyotes?, Kim Murray Berger, Eric M. Gese

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

1. Interference competition with wolves Canis lupus is hypothesized to limit the distribution and abundance of coyotes Canis latrans, and the extirpation of wolves is often invoked to explain the expansion in coyote range throughout much of North America.

2. We used spatial, seasonal and temporal heterogeneity in wolf distribution and abundance to test the hypothesis that interference competition with wolves limits the distribution and abundance of coyotes. From August 2001 to August 2004, we gathered data on cause-specific mortality and survival rates of coyotes captured at wolf-free and wolf-abundant sites in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP), Wyoming, USA, …