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2007-2008 Course Catalog, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of The Registrar

University of Montana Course Catalogs, 1895-2024

An annual catalog of courses and course descriptions offered at the University of Montana.

To Condone Or Condemn? Regional Enforcement Actions In The Absence Of Security Council Authorization, Monica Hakimi

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The U.N. Charter establishes that regional arrangements may not take enforcement actions without authorization from the Security Council. Yet the international community does not always enforce this Charter rule. Major international actors repeatedly tolerate deviations from it even as they assert that it allows no exceptions. This Article examines that practice, arguing that two different legal systems govern enforcement actions taken by regional arrangements. One system is reflected in the Charter text and publicly endorsed by major international actors. The second, more nebulous system is based on expectations and demands in the absence of Security Council authorization. Under this second …

Sovereignty Migrates In U.S. And Mexican Law: Transnational Influences In Plenary Power And Non-Intervention, Ernesto Hernandez-Lopez

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Mexico and the United States exercise sovereignty that is increasingly transnational and less absolute with respect to migration. This is evident in changes to Mexico's norm of non-intervention and the United States' plenary power doctrine, two doctrines rooted in international sovereignty. Both have historically defined sovereign authority in absolute terms, avoiding any foreign influence or domestic limitation. The non-intervention norm prohibits Mexican foreign relations from interfering in another state's domestic affairs. Traditionally, it barred a foreign policy on migrants in the United States, which led to Mexico's "no policy" on migrants. The U.S. plenary power doctrine labels immigration law as …

Mississippi River Stories: Lessons From A Century Of Unnatural Disasters, Christine A. Klein, Sandra B. Zellmer

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Suburbs As Exit, Suburbs As Entrance, Nicole Stelle Garnett

Journal Articles

Most academics assume that suburbanites are exiters who have abandoned central cities. The exit story is a foundational one in the fields of land-use and local-government law: Exiters' historical, social, and economic connections with their center cities are frequently used to justify both growth controls and regional government. The exit story, however, no longer captures the American suburban experience. For a majority of Americans, suburbs have become points of entrance to, not of exit from, urban life. Most suburbanites are enterers - people who were born in, or migrated directly to, suburbs and who have not spent time living in …

Upstream Of Peril: The Role Of Federal Lands In Addressing The Extinction Crisis: Twelfth Annual Lloyd K. Garrison Lecture On Environmental Law, Karin P. Sheldon

Pace Environmental Law Review

No abstract provided.

Dinosaur Tectonics: A Structural Analysis Of Theropod Undertracks With A Reconstruction Of Theropod Walking Dynamics, Ole Graversen, Jesper Milán, David B. Loope

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

A dinosaur trackway in the Middle Jurassic eolian Entrada Sandstone of southern Utah, U.S.A., exposes three undertracks that we have modeled as isolated tectonic regimes showing the development of fold-thrust ramp systems induced by the dinosaur’s feet. The faulted and folded sequence is comparable to crustal-scale tectonics associated with plate tectonics and foreland fold-thrust belts. A structural analysis of the dinosaur tracks shows the timing and direction of the forces exercised on the substrate by the animal’s foot during the stride. Based on the structural analysis, we establish a scenario for foot movements and weight distribution in the feet. During …

An Improved Qc Process For Temperature In The Daily Cooperative Weather Observations, Kenneth Hubbard, Nathaniel B. Guttman, Jinsheng You, Zhirong Chen

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

TempVal is a spatial component of data quality assurance algorithms applied by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), and it has been used operationally for about 4 yr. A spatial regression test (SRT) approach was developed at the regional climate centers for climate data quality assurance and was found to be superior to currently used quality control (QC) procedures for the daily maximum and minimum air temperature. The performance of the spatial quality assessment procedures has been evaluated by assessing the rate with which seeded errors are identified. A complete dataset with seeded errors for the year 2003 for the …

Grassland Establishment For Wildlife Conservation, D. Todd Jones-Farrand, Loren W. Burger Jr., Douglas H. Johnson, Mark R. Ryan

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Establishing grasslands has important implications for wildlife, especially in areas historically rich in grasslands that have since been converted to row crop agriculture. Most grasslands established under farm conservation programs have replaced annual crops with perennial cover that provides year-round resources for wildlife. This change in land use has had a huge influence on grassland bird populations; little is known about its impacts on other terrestrial wildlife species. Wildlife response to grassland establishment is a multi-scale phenomenon dependent upon vegetation structure and composition within the planting, practice-level factors such as size and shape of the field, and its landscape context, …

World Agriculture And Environment: A Commodity-By-Commodity Guide To Impacts And Practices [Book Review], Charles A. Francis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

This comprehensive reference book provides a good overview of global agriculture at the end of the millennium. In the introduction, author Jason Clay brings his long experience—in farming, teaching, and government service—into the presentation of a balanced perspective on how production must be balanced with concern for the environment. Now with World Wildlife Fund, he couples a background in economics, anthropology and geography with considerable professional experience in aquaculture and cooperation in the private sector to explore multiple aspects of agriculture and food production. He is particularly effective in discussing the economic and environmental sustainability of the food system, although …

Eastward Ho: Phylogeographical Perspectives On Colonization Of Hosts And Parasites Across The Beringian Nexus [Guest Editorial], Eric Waltari, Eric P. Hoberg, Enrique P. Lessa, Joseph A. Cook

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The response of Arctic organisms and their parasites to dramatic fluctuations in climate during the Pleistocene has direct implications for predicting the impact of current climate change in the North. An increasing number of phylogeographical studies in the Arctic have laid a framework for testing hypotheses concerning the impact of shifting environmental conditions on transcontinental movement. We review 35 phylogeographical studies of trans-Beringian terrestrial and freshwater taxa, both hosts and parasites, to identify generalized patterns regarding the number, direction and timing of trans-continental colonizations. We found that colonization across Beringia was primarily from Asia to North America, with many events …

Late Cenozoic Climate Changes In China’S Western Interior: A Review Of Research On Lake Qinghai And Comparison With Other Records, Steven M. Colman, Shi-Yong Yua, Zhisheng Anc, Ji Shend, A.C.G. Henderson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We review Late Cenozoic climate and environment changes in the western interior of China with an emphasis on lacustrine records from Lake Qinghai. Widespread deposition of red clay in the marginal basins of the Tibetan Plateau indicates that the Asian monsoon system was initially established by ~8 Ma, when the plateau reached a threshold altitude. Subsequent strengthening of the winter monsoon, along with the establishment of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, reflects a long-term trend of global cooling. The few cores from the Tibetan Plateau that reach back a million years suggest that they record the mid-Pleistocene transition from glacial …

San Andreas Fault Zone Mineralogy, Geochemistry, And Physical Properties From Safod Cuttings And Core, John G. Solum, Stephen Hickman, David A. Lockner, Sheryl Tembe, Jim P. Evans, Sarah D. Draper, D. C. Barton, David L. Kirschner, Judith S. Chester, Frederick M. Chester, Ben A. Van Der Pluijm, Anja M. Schleicher, Diane E. Moore, Carolyn Morrow, Kelly Bradbury, Wendy M. Calvin, Teng-Fong Wong

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD), drilled near the town of Parkfield, California (Fig. 1) (Hickmen et al., 2004) as part of the U.S. National Science Foundation's EarthScope Project (see http://www.earthscope.org), provieds a continuous set of samples through the active San Andreas Fault (SAF) zone. These samples can help address decades-old questions such as apparent weakness of the SAF (Zoback, 2000) providing the unparalleled opportunity to contrain the parameters that control the behavior of plate counding faults like the San Andreas.

Samples collected form SAFOD also complement studies of exhumed fault zones. While studies of exhumed fault zones …

Conservation Genetics Of Snowy Plovers (Charadrius Alexandrinus) In The Western Hemisphere: Population Genetic Structure And Delineation Of Subspecies, W. Chris Funk, Thomas D. Mullins, Susan M. Haig

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We examined the genetic structure of snowy plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) in North America, the Caribbean, and the west coast of South America to quantify variation within and among breeding areas and to test the validity of three previously recognized subspecies. Sequences (676 bp) from domains I and II of the mitochondrial control region were analyzed for 166 snowy plovers from 20 breeding areas. Variation was also examined at 10 microsatellite loci for 144 snowy plovers from 14 breeding areas. The mtDNA and microsatellite data provided strong evidence that the Puerto Rican breeding group is genetically divergent from sites …

Territoriality, Prospecting, And Dispersal In Cooperatively Breeding Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus Cinnamominus Reichenbachii), Dylan C. Kesler, Susan M. Haig

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We investigated territoriality, prospecting, and dispersal behavior in cooperatively breeding Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii) throughout the annual cycle using radiotelemetry and color-band resights. Mean home-range size was 6.3 ha and territories were 8.1 ha. Within territories, Micronesian Kingfishers shared 63% of their home-range space with coterritorial occupants, and 3% was shared with extraterritorial conspecifics. Birds on cooperative territories had larger home ranges that overlapped more with coterritory occupants’ home ranges than birds in pair-held territories. Despite evidence suggesting that resources necessary for survival and reproduction occurred on each territory, Micronesian Kingfishers of all age and sex …

Surface-Exposure Ages Of Front Range Moraines That May Have Formed During The Younger Dryas, 8.2 Cal Ka, And Little Ice Age Events, Larry Benson, Richard Madole, Peter Kubik, Richard Mcdonald

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Surface-exposure (¹⁰Be) ages have been obtained on boulders from three post-Pinedale end-moraine complexes in the Front Range, Colorado. Boulder rounding appears related to the cirque-to-moraine transport distance at each site with subrounded boulders being typical of the 2-km-long Chicago Lakes Glacier, subangular boulders being typical of the 1-km-long Butler Gulch Glacier, and angular boulders being typical of the few-hundred-m-long Isabelle Glacier. Surface-exposure ages of angular boulders from the Isabelle Glacier moraine, which formed during the Little Ice Age (LIA) according to previous lichenometric dating, indicate cosmogenic inheritance values ranging from 0 to ~3.0 ¹⁰Be ka.¹ Subangular …

Multiplication Of Ovaries In Ctenotaenia Marmotae (Frölich, 1802) (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae), Sumiya Ganzorig, Yuzaburo Oku, Scott Lyell Gardner, Masao Kamiya

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Individuals of the cestode species Ctenotaenia marmotae (Frölich, 1802) (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) possessing duplicated rudimentary ovaries toward the medial parts of the segments were found in material collected from the Siberian marmot (Marmota sibirica) in Mongolia. This tapeworm is characterized by possessing one pair of female genitals per segment. The extra rudimentary ovaries that we found ranged from one to six in number per segment and were much smaller than the main pairs of ovaries. Although multiplication of ovaries was reported to occur in a species of Diandrya (Darrah, 1930) by Rausch (1980), this is the first report of …

Dune Fields: Mid-Latitudes, J. Sun, Daniel R. Muhs

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Large dune fields, or sand seas, are landscapes often thought to be found only in deserts beneath the great, subtropical high-pressure zones, where subsiding air suppresses rainfall. Dune fields are also quite common in mid-latitude regions, to the north and south of subtropical deserts (Fig. 1). Two major characteristics distinguish many mid-latitude dune fields from the sand seas of lower latitudes. One difference is that many of those in mid-latitudes are in semiarid, rather than arid climates, and therefore are not presently active. In this article, ‘active’ refers to eolian sand bodies that are not covered with vegetation, and where …

Concept Analysis In Web Documents, Rajesh Singh

Master's Projects

A Keyword within a text/web document represents some human thought. The interaction of keywords leads to narrowing of scope of human thought by forming a more precise semantic entity called concepts. Analyzing a set of document not only requires analysis of the keywords within those documents but also their interactions within a document. In this new approach a set of documents can be analyzed where by the interactions of its keywords is also considered in finding the important concepts. These concepts can be used to cluster them into smaller subsets such that documents in each cluster will be semantically similar.

Noise Level Correlates With Manatee Use Of Foraging Habitats, Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds, Percy L. Donaghay, James H. Miller, Peter L. Tyack, Jeffrey A. Nystuen

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

The introduction of anthropogenic sound to coastal waters is a negative side effect of population growth. As noise from boats, marine construction, and coastal dredging increases, environmental and behavioral monitoring is needed to directly assess the effect these phenomena have on marine animals. Acoustic recordings, providing information on ambient noise levels and transient noise sources, were made in two manatee habitats: grassbeds and dredged habitats. Recordings were made over two 6-month periods from April to September in 2003 and 2004. Noise levels were calculated in one-third octave bands at nine center frequencies ranging from 250 Hz to 64 kHz. Manatee …

Environmental Information Systems And Community-Based Resource Management In Ghana: An Investigation Of Institutional Policy And Implementation In Context, Abednego Ayitey Aryee

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study employed a case-study approach and cross-case analysis to investigate the impact of Environmental Information Systems (EIS) and Local Knowledge Systems (LKS) on agro-forestry management and biodiversity conservation. Questionnaire-based interviews with service providers, resource managers and focus group discussions with farmers associated with the United Nations Capacity 21, the Netherlands Tropenbos International (TBI) and the United Nations Project on People Land Management and Conservation (UNPLEC), projects yielded in-depth information on agro-forestry practices in southern Ghana. The findings of the survey revealed that computer-based information systems have been used to identify areas of resource degradation. This has served as a …

Golden Pheasants And Eastern Kings: The German District Administration In The Occupied Soviet Union, 1941–1944, Stephen A. Connor

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

No abstract provided.

Grace Notes: Layering Small Grace Upon Small Grace, Terry C. Muck

The Asbury Journal

God's truth comes to us from different places at different times. Each truth event sounds a small note of grace that together, if we listen, make up the musical score of God active in the world today. Listen to these ten small notes ofgrace from ten recent books.

An Institutional Analysis Of Oil And Gas Sector Development And Environmental Management In The Yukon Territory, Jason C. May

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This thesis investigates the ways in which oil and gas development priorities and concern for the environment are integrated within strategic planning and management frameworks, and how associated conflict is addressed, in a case study of the Yukon. Because substantial ground-based oil and gas activity is yet to occur in the territory, a thorough understanding of the institutions and institutional arrangements set to govern future oil and gas development is a valuable tool for gauging the capacity to integrate these priorities. Therefore, this thesis employs the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to analyze the legislation, regulations, policies, and institutions …

An Analytical Overview Of The Factors Influencing Housing Accessibility Of Bangladeshi Immigrants In Kitchener-Waterloo, Farzana Afreen Propa

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study explores Bangladeshi immigrants’ settlement experiences in Kitchener-Waterloo (K-W) and alyses their housing history, housing search process, barriers and discrimination in accessing housing in the area. It reveals the factors that influence Bangladeshi immigrants housing accessibility in K-W. It also summarises recommendations to support and improve their housing situation. Qualitative research methods were used to collect and document the findings of the research.

The study findings reveal Bangladeshi immigrant households in K-W have comparaitvely higher levels of education compared to mainstream population and better employment condition compared to other Bangladeshi immigrants living in Toronto or Montreal. Many of these …

An Analysis Of Social Aspects Of Forest Stewardship Council Forest Certification In Three Ontario Case Studies, Melanie Venne

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Forest certification is a market-based tool whereby forest management is evaluated against a set of standards that consider environmental, economic and social elements of sustainability. Certificiation is therefore a means of providing customers with the assurance that forest products are originating from sustainability managed forests. It grew out of the ideal of sustainable forest management (SFM) and pulls from its predecessor the concept of multiple dimensions of sustainability. The focus of this project was the international forest certification scheme Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).

A comparative case study approach was used to examine the social implications of certification in three FSC …

Impacts Of Organized Sport On Family Life And Travel Demand, Jodi Murray

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In response to the rise in popularity of children’s organized sport there is a need to further our understanding of its impacts, both on family-life and on travel demand. Sport participation has become an integral part of raising children, and its typically rigid structure has significant impacts on many aspects of daily life and management. In order to meet the deamnds of a sport lifestyle, families depend on the “family van” as the main mode of transportation; thus increasing recreation travel. This thesis utilized mixed quantitative/qualitative methods to explore the relationship between youth hocky participation, family life and travel demand. …

Local And Regional-Scale Societal Dynamics In Grizzly Bear Conservation, Douglas Andrew Clark

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Conserving grizzly bear populations is a significant challenge for wildlife managers throughout North America. Much fruitful research has been conducted on the biology of grizzlies, but the human dimensions of bear management remain poorly understood. This imbalance has created conflicts between management agencies and local inhabitants that can jeopardize ecosystem management and planning programs in which grizzlies often feature as key components. Broadly, the goal of this study was to understand how and why such conflicts occur. Qualitative data analysis methods and the policy sciences' interdisciplinary problem analysis framework, along with insights from adaptive governance and co-management concepts, resilience theory, …

Why Refugee Law Still Matters, James C. Hathaway

Articles

I am concerned that the singular importance of international refugee law is profoundly misunderstood. My more specific worry is that erroneous and competing claims by governments and the refugee advocacy community about the structure and purpose of refugee law threaten its continuing ability to play a truly unique human rights role at a time when no meaningful alternative is in sight.

Busting The Bandito Boyz: Militarism, Masculinity, And The Hunting Of Undocumented Persons In The U.S.-Mexico Borderlands, Robert F. Castro

Journal of Hate Studies

“Bandito heroes flourish in many cultures because they symbolize a virtually universal belief: that at times it’s necessary to break the law in order to obtain justice,” writes historian Paul Vanderwood (1992, p. xix). The idea of justice does seem to animate many of the stories associated with the borderlands’ most famous outlaws. For example, retaliatory justice appears to be at the heart of the literal violence that Joaquin Murrieta inflicted on California Anglos during the nineteenth century. Joaquin Murrieta became famous for his lightning-fast robberies and bloody assaults in California during the 1850s Gold Rush. Reportedly, Murrieta was set …