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2007

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Usda And State/Tribal Cooperator Summary For 2006/2007 National Early Detection System For Hpai In Wild Migratory Birds: Accomplishments, Findings, And Future Direction, Brandon Schmit, Kerri Pedersen, Robert Beach, Seth Swafford, Thomas Deliberto Apr 2007

Usda And State/Tribal Cooperator Summary For 2006/2007 National Early Detection System For Hpai In Wild Migratory Birds: Accomplishments, Findings, And Future Direction, Brandon Schmit, Kerri Pedersen, Robert Beach, Seth Swafford, Thomas Deliberto

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In late 2005, at the request of the Homeland Security Council's Policy Coordinating Committee for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness, the United States Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Interior began developing a United States Interagency Strategic Plan for the early detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) introduction into North America by wild migratory birds. This plan was stepped down by various regional, state, and tribal entities and was implemented nationwide in mid-2006. USDA funded Federal, State, and Tribal cooperators began with a goal of collecting over 75,000 surveillance samples from wild migratory birds during the 2006/2007 surveillance period. The 2006 accomplishments, …


The Chanticleer, 2007-04-09, Coastal Carolina University Apr 2007

The Chanticleer, 2007-04-09, Coastal Carolina University

The Chanticleer Student Newspaper

The editorially independent student produced weekly newspaper of Coastal Carolina University.


Chromaflair® Crow Buster For Repelling Blackbirds And Crows, Scott J. Werner, Shelagh K. Tupper, John L. Cummings Apr 2007

Chromaflair® Crow Buster For Repelling Blackbirds And Crows, Scott J. Werner, Shelagh K. Tupper, John L. Cummings

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Nonlethal alternatives are needed to manage emerging and sustained conflicts between humans and several wild birds. We evaluated the ChromaFlair® "Crow Buster," a device developed in Japan to repel Asian crows from garbage cans, fruit trees, and utility structures. The Crow Buster consists of a strip (1.5-3.5 cm wide) of stiff, shiny plastic cut into a spiral shape. The device is iridescent green-purple in color. We conducted 2 studies to determine the influence of the Crow Buster on the foraging distribution of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) in captivity. For both bird …


The Current Regulatory Environment Of Urban Coyote Control - A Private Wco Perspective, Claude Oleyar Apr 2007

The Current Regulatory Environment Of Urban Coyote Control - A Private Wco Perspective, Claude Oleyar

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Social, political, and legal considerations have contributed to an unfavorable regulatory environment for lethal control of urban coyotes (canis latrans). I analyze and break down that environment from a Wildlife Control Operator (WCO) perspective. Currently 3 significant factors frame the issue but a 4th could be emerging. First, our hands are tied: I use the situation in Colorado to illustrate the point. Compounding factors include the need for a paradigm shift in how rules are derived, the lag-time factor in agency response to issues, and the tendency toward bureaucracy/over-regulation. Second, human dimensions rule: I critique the downside of …


Coyote Management In Residential Areas: Human Dimensions Research Needs, William F. Siemer, Heather Wieczorek Hudenko, Daniel J. Decker Apr 2007

Coyote Management In Residential Areas: Human Dimensions Research Needs, William F. Siemer, Heather Wieczorek Hudenko, Daniel J. Decker

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

To effectively meet the challenges of urban coyote (Canis latrans) management, wildlife professionals will need human dimensions (and ecological) research to fill information gaps associated with a typical program planning process. Most wildlife agencies use the steps of a rational decision-making approach to plan and develop their programs (i.e., they define goals, identify problems and opportunities, identify management objectives, develop management action alternatives, and implement and evaluate alternatives). We describe general human dimensions (HD) information needs associated with each step, and then suggest corresponding HD research priorities to support urban coyote management decisions. We suggest that HD research …


Commonwealth Times 2007-04-09 Apr 2007

Commonwealth Times 2007-04-09

Commonwealth Times, 1969-

No abstract provided.


Management Of Urban Coyotes And Attacks In Green Valley, Pima County, Arizona, Christopher D. Carrillo, Jim Schmidt, David Bergman, Gabriel Paz Apr 2007

Management Of Urban Coyotes And Attacks In Green Valley, Pima County, Arizona, Christopher D. Carrillo, Jim Schmidt, David Bergman, Gabriel Paz

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Coyote (Canis latrans) attacks on humans, once thought to be rare, have increased in frequency over the past decade. In Arizona, the number of wildlife human encounters has increased as our urban environments have expanded into the coyote's natural environment. Coyotes have learned to utilize drip irrigation, pet food, household refuse, and pets as prey. The problem of potential coyote attacks is magnified when people intentionally feed coyotes. In some situations, coyotes have begun to act aggressively toward humans, chasing joggers/walkers confronting people walking their dogs, and stalking small children. People who live in areas where coyotes are …


The Urban Coyote Control Program, Robert J. Erickson Apr 2007

The Urban Coyote Control Program, Robert J. Erickson

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

This paper discusses practical considerations of conducting control of problem coyotes (Canis latrans) in urban and suburban settings, from the standpoint of a private wildlife control operator. The author provides advice on dealing with municipalities, the media, the public, and with clientele. Also discussed are appropriate tools and materials that can be effective in such settings, and effective strategies for dealing with suburban coyote problems.


Ecology Of Coyotes In Urban Landscapes, Stanley D. Gehrt, Max Mcgraw Apr 2007

Ecology Of Coyotes In Urban Landscapes, Stanley D. Gehrt, Max Mcgraw

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Coyotes (Canis latrans) have become common in many metropolitan areas across the United States. Recent research has focused on the urban ecology of coyotes to better our understanding of how they exist in urbanized landscapes. I summarize findings from a variety of ecological studies of coyotes in or near metropolitan areas, and focus on three areas of coyote ecology: survival rates, home range/activity, and food habits. Most studies have reported relatively high survival rates (annual S = 0.62 - 0. 74), with vehicle collisions often a common cause of mortality. Size of coyote home ranges (mean home range …


Assessing Rodenticide Hazards: Improving The Art And Science Of Risk Assessment, John J. Johnston Apr 2007

Assessing Rodenticide Hazards: Improving The Art And Science Of Risk Assessment, John J. Johnston

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Non-target hazards represent the most significant hurdle to the continued and possibly expanded use of anticoagulant rodenticides. In addition to the possibility of non-target access to the rodenticide bait, non-target scavenger and/or predator species may be exposed to these rodenticides via feeding on the carcasses of poisoned target species. Risk assessments provide a means to estimate the probability of rodenticide associated effects to target and non-target species. Quantification of risk provides critical information for decision-makers to weigh the benefits versus the risks of proposed rodenticide uses. This manuscript reports on the development of a probabilistic risk assessment model for quantifying …


Rodenticide Use In Rodent Management In The United States: An Overview, Gary Witmer, John D. Eisemann Apr 2007

Rodenticide Use In Rodent Management In The United States: An Overview, Gary Witmer, John D. Eisemann

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Rodents occur worldwide and have adapted to most types of ecosystems. Rodents provide many important ecosystem functions and while most rodent species do not cause serious damage problems, a small number of species do. Rodent-caused damage includes crop and stored food consumption and contamination, forestry and nursery damage, rangeland damage, ornamental plant damage, property damage, cable and irrigation pipe damage, disease transmission, and, when introduced to islands, damage and even extinction of native flora and fauna. Many tools are used to reduce rodent populations and damage. Rodenticides are an especially important tool in rodent management. Many types of active ingredients …


Feral Hogs: A Texas Perspective, Douglas S. Steen, Mark E. Mapston, Bruce R. Leland, L. Janean Romines Apr 2007

Feral Hogs: A Texas Perspective, Douglas S. Steen, Mark E. Mapston, Bruce R. Leland, L. Janean Romines

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Feral hog (Sus scrofa) populations are a growing concern, and evidence of their presence has spread throughout the state. With the exception of a few areas in the northern panhandle and far western Texas, this invasive species successfully exists in almost every county; and evidence of their exponential population growth and the damage they cause is no longer confined to rural areas. Feral hogs affect farmers, livestock producers, private and public industry, and individuals living in suburban and urban areas. Wildlife, agriculture, property owners, animal and public health interests are all experiencing feral hog issues at different levels. …


A Review Of Biomarkers Used For Wildlife Damage And Disease Management, Tricia L. Fry, Mike R. Dunbar Apr 2007

A Review Of Biomarkers Used For Wildlife Damage And Disease Management, Tricia L. Fry, Mike R. Dunbar

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Biomarkers are distinctive biological indicators used to identify, often through indirect means, when an event or physiologic process of interest has occurred in an animal. Historically, a variety of biomarkers, as well as bait-markers, have been used in wildlife management including radioactive isotopes, stable isotopes, fatty acids, systemic and physical biomarkers. The ability to successfully track, monitor, and identify animals using minimally invasive techniques is becoming increasingly important as wildlife-human interactions increase. This paper is an overview of the benefits and limitations of previously and presently used biomarkers in wildlife damage and disease management with emphasis on the use of …


Efficacy Of 3 In-Burrow Treatments To Control Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs, Charles D. Lee, Jeff Leflore Apr 2007

Efficacy Of 3 In-Burrow Treatments To Control Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs, Charles D. Lee, Jeff Leflore

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Management of prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) movement by colony expansion or dispersal may involve the use of toxicants to reduce local populations. Hazards associated with the use of toxicants cause concern for non-target species. Applying the bait in-burrow should reduce the primary exposure of the toxicants to non-target wildlife. Some literature suggests prairie dogs will not consume bait when applied in the burrow. In this trial we compared efficacy of Rozol® (chlorophacinone), Kaput-D Prairie Dog Bait® (diphacinone), 2% zinc phosphide oats applied in-burrow and 2% zinc phosphide oats applied on the surface. Results are reported as change in …


Overview Of The First Use Of Gps 1991/Gis 1992 During A Wyoming Skunk Rabies Epizootic, Craig A. Ramey, Kenneth H. Mills, Marshall Robin Apr 2007

Overview Of The First Use Of Gps 1991/Gis 1992 During A Wyoming Skunk Rabies Epizootic, Craig A. Ramey, Kenneth H. Mills, Marshall Robin

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) are one of the most important reservoirs of wildlife rabies on the Great Plains of North America. During a skunk rabies epizootic in a previously rabies-free area of northwestern Wyoming, we studied the spread of rabies from the index case occurring in 1988 until the Shoshone River epizootic ended in 1993. All specimens were sent to the Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory for Fluorescent Antibody Testing for rabies. The goal of federal, state, county, and local agencies was to address the public's fear about the health and safety of humans and animals. Following several rabid …


Suitable And Effective Coyote Control Tools For The Urban/Suburban Setting, Alan A. Huot, David L. Bergman Apr 2007

Suitable And Effective Coyote Control Tools For The Urban/Suburban Setting, Alan A. Huot, David L. Bergman

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Increases in the incidence of human conflict with coyotes in urban/suburban environments fuel a need for suitable coyote tools and methods to reduce these conflicts. Traditional tools, such as foothold traps and snares, face continued problems of acceptability in urban/suburban situations because of public anxiety about the risks to non-targets as well as other animal welfare concerns. We review the major categories of methods and tools used to prevent or reduce urban coyote-human conflicts, including exclusion (fencing), environmental and habitat modification, capture devices (traps, snares, and related devices), and shooting. We briefly discuss future technologies current under development: fertility control, …


Controlling Coyotes In An Urban Environment - Effective Evaluation Of Requests By The General Public For Control Services, Tim J. Julien Apr 2007

Controlling Coyotes In An Urban Environment - Effective Evaluation Of Requests By The General Public For Control Services, Tim J. Julien

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The incidence of request for control services in regards to human conflict with coyotes (Canis latrans) in urban/suburban environments continues to increase countrywide. These incidents have created a need for a systematic means of evaluating the perceived need for control to determine first if control is necessary and would it be effective in solving the problem. Generally we have found the public is uninformed and surprised by their first sighting or encounter with coyotes. We have taken an approach that allows us to evaluate the clients concerns and enable us to make recommendations to them on possible control …


A Broad Perspective On Current And Future Research On Urban Coyotes, John A. Shivik, Kathleen Fagerstone Apr 2007

A Broad Perspective On Current And Future Research On Urban Coyotes, John A. Shivik, Kathleen Fagerstone

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

A change in wildlife management appears to be occurring. Previous efforts needed to be focused on producing more game species or endangered animals; now, however, tools and training must resolve issues of overabundance and conflict with predators, especially species such as coyotes (Canis latrans) in urban areas. Urban conflicts with coyotes may be growing because of urban development of land and human intrusion, but alteration of habitats that attract coyotes is also a likely factor. Research that will describe basic coyote biology in urban areas will be needed, but managers will also need applied research and development of …


Conserving Cheetahs On Private Land: Using The Namibian Cheetah Acinonyx Jubatus Jubatus As A Case Study, Laurie L. Marker, Amy Dickman Apr 2007

Conserving Cheetahs On Private Land: Using The Namibian Cheetah Acinonyx Jubatus Jubatus As A Case Study, Laurie L. Marker, Amy Dickman

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Conflict between humans and large carnivores is well documented in Africa, and is one of the chief causes of population declines seen in species such as lions (Panthera lea), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), and African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). While protected areas provide important refuges for many carnivores, species such as cheetahs cover large areas where protected areas are insufficient to maintain long-term viable populations across much of their range. Over the past century, the world's cheetah population has declined in both numbers and range due to habitat fragmentation, depletion of their natural prey base …


Development Of Test Paradigms For Operant Conditioning Of Wild Norway Rats, Susan M. Jojola, Patrick W. Burke, Gary W. Witmer, Dale L. Nolte Apr 2007

Development Of Test Paradigms For Operant Conditioning Of Wild Norway Rats, Susan M. Jojola, Patrick W. Burke, Gary W. Witmer, Dale L. Nolte

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Many eradication efforts to remove rats (Rattus spp.) from islands have been successful. Eradications are expensive and labor-intensive which make s early detection of, and response to, reinvasion by rats critical. A better understanding of rat behavior could facilitate early detection and rapid response to intercept invaders, such as with trap placement and design, and toxic bait presentation and dispersal. This was a methods development study of test paradigms to operantly condition wild rats to run on an activity wheel and to press a lever for use in future behavior studies. Operant conditioning is the process of associating …


Avian Influenza In Wild Birds: Environmental Sampling For The Rapid Detection Of Avian Influenza Viruses, Robert G. Mclean, Jeffrey S. Hall, Alan B. Franklin, Heather Sullivan, Kaci Vandalen, Susan Shriner, Matthew Farnsworth, Paul Oesterle, Ginger Young, Jenny Carlson, Kacy Cobble, Stacey Elmore, Ted Anderson, Sean Hauser, Kevin Bentler, Nicole Mooers, Kathryn P. Huyvaert, Tom Deliberto, Seth Swafford Apr 2007

Avian Influenza In Wild Birds: Environmental Sampling For The Rapid Detection Of Avian Influenza Viruses, Robert G. Mclean, Jeffrey S. Hall, Alan B. Franklin, Heather Sullivan, Kaci Vandalen, Susan Shriner, Matthew Farnsworth, Paul Oesterle, Ginger Young, Jenny Carlson, Kacy Cobble, Stacey Elmore, Ted Anderson, Sean Hauser, Kevin Bentler, Nicole Mooers, Kathryn P. Huyvaert, Tom Deliberto, Seth Swafford

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

All subtypes of influenza Type A viruses infect wild birds, especially waterfowl and shorebirds, but rarely cause disease or mortality in these aquatic species. Aquatic birds are the natural reservoirs for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAI) that are distributed globally. However, some AI subtypes can be virulent in other animals and humans and some highly pathogenic AI viruses (HPAI) have caused major outbreaks in poultry and even pandemics in the human population. The emergence of a HPAl H5N1 subtype in southeast Asian poultry in 1997 subsequently involved migratory waterfowl in 2005 and has since spread westward throughout the Asian, …


Use Of Alpha-Chloralose By Usda Wildlife Services To Immobilize Birds, Jeanette R. O'Hare, John D. Eisemann, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Lawanna L. Koch, Thomas W. Seamans Apr 2007

Use Of Alpha-Chloralose By Usda Wildlife Services To Immobilize Birds, Jeanette R. O'Hare, John D. Eisemann, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Lawanna L. Koch, Thomas W. Seamans

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In 1992, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) opened an Investigational New Animal Drug (INAD) file for the avian immobilizing agent, alpha-chloralose (AC) for the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Currently, this INAD authorizes trained Wildlife Services (WS) personnel to use AC to immobilize and live-capture nuisance waterfowl (Anatidae spp.), American coots (Fulica americana) , pigeons (Columba livia), common ravens (Corvus corax) and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis). The use of AC has proven to be a valuable tool for WS and the …


Research Strategies To Reduce Bovine Tuberculosis Transmission From Wildlife To Cattle, Are R. Berentsen, Mike R. Dunbar, Robert G. Mclean Apr 2007

Research Strategies To Reduce Bovine Tuberculosis Transmission From Wildlife To Cattle, Are R. Berentsen, Mike R. Dunbar, Robert G. Mclean

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobaterium bovis, and is transmissible to humans, wildlife and domestic livestock. In the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serve as a reservoir for the disease and pose a significant threat to domestic cattle and captive cervids. Scientists at USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center have designed a variety of laboratory and field studies aimed at reducing or eliminating bTB infection in cattle by interrupting the transmission of the disease from wild life reservoirs. These strategies include reducing bTB in deer by delivery …


Operational Challenges Of Solving Urban Coyote Problems In Southern California, Dennis L. Orthmeyer, Terrance A. Cox, John W. Turman, Joe R. Bennett Apr 2007

Operational Challenges Of Solving Urban Coyote Problems In Southern California, Dennis L. Orthmeyer, Terrance A. Cox, John W. Turman, Joe R. Bennett

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

We present challenges, methodologies, and solutions related to mitigating urban coyote (Canis latrans) problems in southern California. The physical environment, the diverse urban structure (green belts and parks) with its abundant food resources which support high coyote densities, combined with the human component (behavior, urbanization, politics) create operational challenges. The increasing disconnect between humans and wildlife, coyote emigration/immigration into the increasing rural/urban interface, and coyote life cycles that occur exclusively in urban environments, all contribute to the increase in coyote-human conflicts. California's southern counties' human population has expanded 13% over the period from 1990-2000 and is projected to …


The Co-Existing With Coyotes Program In Vancouver, B.C., Robyn Worcester, Robert Boelens Apr 2007

The Co-Existing With Coyotes Program In Vancouver, B.C., Robyn Worcester, Robert Boelens

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

When coyotes first arrived in Vancouver, BC they brought surprise, myths, and concern to the public as they grew comfortable in our city parks, golf courses, and neighborhoods. The Co-existing with Coyotes (CWC) program was created in 2001 and is based on the recommendations of a research project about public perceptions on urban coyotes. This program aims to reduce conflict between coyotes, pets, and people by providing information to both targeted and general audiences as well as providing a direct response to individual coyotes that are starting to, or are displaying, behavior of concern. The general public is reached through …


Urban Coyotes: A States' Perspective, Scott Smith Apr 2007

Urban Coyotes: A States' Perspective, Scott Smith

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The author summarizes the information presented and discussed during the Urban Coyote Symposium from a state wildlife agency's perspective. He notes the need to consider such management challenges not only from a biological, but also from a human dimensions perspective.


Urban Coyotes: Some Summary Thoughts, Jeffrey S. Green Apr 2007

Urban Coyotes: Some Summary Thoughts, Jeffrey S. Green

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services program provides services on request to help alleviate damage by wildlife to agriculture, natural resources and human health and safety. Such services may also involve dealing with coyotes (Canis latrans) in urban settings. Resolving problems with urban coyotes requires a mix of suitable methods but perhaps more importantly, an understanding of complex social and cultural issues surrounding people and wildlife.


Coyote Symposium Summary - From The Private Industry Perspective, Tim J. Julien Apr 2007

Coyote Symposium Summary - From The Private Industry Perspective, Tim J. Julien

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

My goal coming to the Conference, and being involved with the Wildlife Damage Management Working Group, with The Wildlife Society (TWS), and with all the other professional associations, is as a "sponge": to attend, to soak up the information, and to bring it back to members of National Wildlife Control Operators Association (NWCOA) and the private industry. Perhaps a better analogy is that I'm serving as a "translator". From that perspective, it has been a great success.


Gray Wolves And Livestock In Montana: A Recent History Of Damage Management, Carolyn A. Sime, Ed Bangs, Elizabeth Bradley, John E. Steuber, Kraig Glazier, Paul J. Hoover, Val Asher, Kent Laudon, Mike Ross, Jon Trapp Apr 2007

Gray Wolves And Livestock In Montana: A Recent History Of Damage Management, Carolyn A. Sime, Ed Bangs, Elizabeth Bradley, John E. Steuber, Kraig Glazier, Paul J. Hoover, Val Asher, Kent Laudon, Mike Ross, Jon Trapp

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The Montana gray wolf (Canis lupus) population grew from 2 wolves in 1979 to a minimum of 316 by late 2006. Resolving conflicts, both perceived and real, between wolves and livestock became a dominant social issue for the federal recovery program, and it remains so today. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service and now Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks work with United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services to reduce depredation risks and address wolf-related conflicts through a combination of non-lethal and lethal management tools. The number of wolf complaints investigated from …


A Review Of Successful Urban Coyote Management Programs Implemented To Prevent Or Reduce Attacks On Humans And Pets In Southern California, Rex O. Baker Apr 2007

A Review Of Successful Urban Coyote Management Programs Implemented To Prevent Or Reduce Attacks On Humans And Pets In Southern California, Rex O. Baker

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Since the fatal coyote (Canis latrans) attack on a 3-year-old girl in Glendale, California in 1981, government agencies have emphasized developing coyote management programs to increase public safety. This presentation will focus on the success of numerous programs including: small neighborhoods, industrial sites, parks, large city and county-wide projects. Local environmental conditions attracting coyotes, specific problems caused by the coyotes, public reaction, and the role of public relations including public education emphasizing environmental management, will be discussed. Coyote population monitoring regarding behavior patterns, aversive conditioning, and coyote population reduction methods will be reviewed. Trapping remains the most effective …