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2005

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Chlorovirus: A Genus Of Phycodnaviridae That Infects Certain Chlorella-Like Green Algae, Ming Kang, David Dunigan, James L. Van Etten Jan 2005

Chlorovirus: A Genus Of Phycodnaviridae That Infects Certain Chlorella-Like Green Algae, Ming Kang, David Dunigan, James L. Van Etten

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Taxonomy: Chlorella viruses are assigned to the family Phycodnaviridae, genus Chlorovirus, and are divided into three species: Chlorella NC64A viruses, Chlorella Pbi viruses and Hydra viridis Chlorella viruses. Chlorella viruses are large, icosahedral, plaque-forming, dsDNA viruses that infect certain unicellular, chlorella-like green algae. The type member is Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1 (PBCV-1).

Physical properties: Chlorella virus particles are large (molecular weight ~1 × 109 Da) and complex. The virion of PBCV-1 contains more than 100 different proteins; the major capsid protein, Vp54, comprises ~40% of the virus protein. Cryoelectron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction of PBCV-1 virions …

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Proline Suppresses Apoptosis In The Fungal Pathogen Colletotrichum Trifolii, Changbin Chen, Martin B. Dickman Jan 2005

Proline Suppresses Apoptosis In The Fungal Pathogen Colletotrichum Trifolii, Changbin Chen, Martin B. Dickman

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell communication, control of gene expression, and oxygen sensing is well established. Inappropriate regulation of ROS levels can damage cells, resulting in a diseased state. In Colletotrichum trifolii, a fungal pathogen of alfalfa, the mutationally activated oncogenic fungal Ras (DARas) elevates levels of ROS, causing abnormal fungal growth and development and eventual apoptotic-like cell death but only when grown under nutrient-limiting conditions. Remarkably, restoration to the wild-type phenotype requires only proline. Here, we describe a generally unrecognized function of proline: its ability to function as a potent antioxidant and inhibitor of …

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The Interplay Of Traits And Motives On Volunteering: Agreeableness, Extraversion And Prosocial Value Motivation, Gustavo Carlo, Morris A. Okun, George Knight, Maria Rosario T. De Guzman Jan 2005

The Interplay Of Traits And Motives On Volunteering: Agreeableness, Extraversion And Prosocial Value Motivation, Gustavo Carlo, Morris A. Okun, George Knight, Maria Rosario T. De Guzman

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Social psychology and personality theorists have proposed that our understanding of prosocial behavior will be enhanced by examining the interplay of traits and motives. The present study was designed to test several pathways by which agreeableness, extraversion, and prosocial value motivation to volunteer influence volunteerism. A sample of 796 college students completed measures of the Big Five traits, prosocial value motivation to volunteer, and volunteering. Results of path analyses showed that prosocial value motivation to volunteer partially mediated the relations between agreeableness and extraversion, and volunteering. Furthermore, as agreeableness decreased, extraversion was more strongly related to prosocial value motivation to …

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Chlorella Virus Marburg Topoisomerase Ii: High Dna Cleavage Activity As A Characteristic Of Chlorella Virus Type Ii Enzymes, Jennifer S. Dickey, Tae-Jin Choi, James L. Van Etten, Neil Osheroff Jan 2005

Chlorella Virus Marburg Topoisomerase Ii: High Dna Cleavage Activity As A Characteristic Of Chlorella Virus Type Ii Enzymes, Jennifer S. Dickey, Tae-Jin Choi, James L. Van Etten, Neil Osheroff

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Although the formation of a covalent enzyme-cleaved DNA complex is a prerequisite for the essential functions of topoisomerase II, this reaction intermediate has the potential to destabilize the genome. Consequently, all known eukaryotic type II enzymes maintain this complex at a low steady-state level. Recently, however, a novel topoisomerase II was discovered in Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus-1 (PBCV-1) that has an exceptionally high DNA cleavage activity [Fortune et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 24401-24408]. If robust DNA cleavage is critical to the physiological functions of chlorella virus topoisomerase II, then this remarkable characteristic should be …

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Role Of The Hypervariable Hinge Region Of Phosphoprotein P Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus In Viral Rna Synthesis And Assembly Of Infectious Virus Particles, Subash C. Das, Asit K. Pattnaik Jan 2005

Role Of The Hypervariable Hinge Region Of Phosphoprotein P Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus In Viral Rna Synthesis And Assembly Of Infectious Virus Particles, Subash C. Das, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The phosphoprotein (P protein) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an essential subunit of the viral RNAdependent RNA polymerase and has multiple functions residing in its different domains. In the present study, we examined the role of the hypervariable hinge region of P protein in viral RNA synthesis and recovery of infectious VSV by using transposon-mediated insertion mutagenesis and deletion mutagenesis. We observed that insertions of 19-amino-acid linker sequences at various positions within this region affected replication and transcription functions of the P protein to various degrees. Interestingly, one insertion mutant was completely defective in both transcription and replication. Using …

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Genome Of Deerpox Virus, C. L. Afonso, Gustavo A. Delhon, E. R. Tuhlman, Z. Lu, A. Zsak, V. M. Becerra, L. Zsak, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock Jan 2005

Genome Of Deerpox Virus, C. L. Afonso, Gustavo A. Delhon, E. R. Tuhlman, Z. Lu, A. Zsak, V. M. Becerra, L. Zsak, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Deerpox virus (DPV), an uncharacterized and unclassified member of the Poxviridae, has been isolated from North American free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) exhibiting mucocutaneous disease. Here we report the genomic sequence and comparative analysis of two pathogenic DPV isolates, W-848-83 (W83) and W-1170-84 (W84). The W83 and W84 genomes are 166 and 170 kbp, containing 169 and 170 putative genes, respectively. Nucleotide identity between DPVs is 95% over the central 157 kbp. W83 and W84 share similar gene orders and code for similar replicative, structural, virulence, and host range functions. DPV open reading frames (ORFs) with putative …

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Evolution Of Subtype C Hiv-1 Env In A Slowly Progressing Zambian Infant, Hong Zhang, Federico Hoffmann, Jun He, Xiang He, Chipepo Kankasa, Ruth Ruprecht, John T. West, Guillermo Orti, Charles Wood Jan 2005

Evolution Of Subtype C Hiv-1 Env In A Slowly Progressing Zambian Infant, Hong Zhang, Federico Hoffmann, Jun He, Xiang He, Chipepo Kankasa, Ruth Ruprecht, John T. West, Guillermo Orti, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Background: Given the high prevalence of mother to child infection, the development of a better understanding of African subtype C HIV-1 transmission and natural evolution is of significant importance. In this study, we genotypically and phenotypically characterized subtype C viruses isolated over a 67-month follow-up period from an in utero-infected Zambian infant. Changes in genotype and phenotype were correlated to alterations of the host humoral immune response.

Results: A comparison of baseline maternal and infant samples indicated that the infant sequences are monophyletic and contain a fraction of the diversity observed in the mother. This finding suggests that selective …

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Epidemiological Characteristics Of Human Herpesvirus-8 Infection In A Large Population Of Antenatal Women In Zambia, W. Klaskala, B. P. Brayfield, C. Kankasa, G. Bhat, J. T. West, C. D. Mitchell, Charles Wood Jan 2005

Epidemiological Characteristics Of Human Herpesvirus-8 Infection In A Large Population Of Antenatal Women In Zambia, W. Klaskala, B. P. Brayfield, C. Kankasa, G. Bhat, J. T. West, C. D. Mitchell, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Comprehensive data describing epidemiological characteristics of the human herpesvirus-8 or Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8 or KSHV) infection among pregnant women in a central sub-Saharan Africa are not available. This study determined virus prevalence estimates and the risk factors associated with HHV-8 infection. Cross-sectional, enrollment visit data were analyzed from a prospective cohort study of perinatal transmission of HHV-8 in Lusaka, Zambia. Exposure data were obtained via structured interview, physical examination, medical chart review, and laboratory testing. Among 3,160 antenatal women serologically screened for HHV-8 between September 1998 and October 2000, 40.2% were seropositive. The HHV-8 positive women were more likely …

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Compartmentalization Of Hiv-1 In The Central Nervous System: Role Of The Choroid Plexus, Evan J. Burkala, Jun He, John T. West, Charles Wood, Carol K. Petito Jan 2005

Compartmentalization Of Hiv-1 In The Central Nervous System: Role Of The Choroid Plexus, Evan J. Burkala, Jun He, John T. West, Charles Wood, Carol K. Petito

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Objectives: To determine the genetic and phenotypic composition of HIV-1 found in the choroid plexus (CPx) and its relationship to virus in the brain and peripheral lymphoid tissue. Design: Phenotypic and molecular comparisons of HIV-1 found in autopsy brain, CPx, and spleen tissues. Methods: HIV-1 was co-cultured from matched postmortem brain (basal ganglia), CPx, and spleen tissues of AIDS patients with and without HIV-associated encephalitis and dementia. Viral phenotypes were determined by infection of monocyte-derived macrophages, MT-2 or co-receptor-specific cell lines. Viral env and pol sequences were determined from genomic DNA isolated directly from tissues or co-cultures, and phylogenetic comparisons …

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Dichotomy In Cross-Clade Reactivity And Neutralization By Hiv-1 Sera: Implications For Active And Passive Immunotherapy, Lisa A. Cavacini, Mark Duval, Ajay Patil, Charles Wood, Kanneth H. Mayer, Ruth M. Ruprecht, Marshall L. Posner Jan 2005

Dichotomy In Cross-Clade Reactivity And Neutralization By Hiv-1 Sera: Implications For Active And Passive Immunotherapy, Lisa A. Cavacini, Mark Duval, Ajay Patil, Charles Wood, Kanneth H. Mayer, Ruth M. Ruprecht, Marshall L. Posner

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The identification of broadly reactive and cross-clade neutralizing antibodies will facilitate the development of a more universally effective vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antibodies in sera from individuals infected with Clade B HIV bind native primary viral isolates, and virus binding correlates with neutralization and stable clinical disease. In this study, we quantified cross-clade antibody reactivity and neutralization by Clades B and C sera. Primary viral isolates were captured by serum IgG bound to anti-human IgG and quantitated as p24 released by lysis of captured virus. Neutralization was determined using PHA-stimulated PBMC. Clade B antibodies reacted more frequently with …

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Cutting Edge: Cd4+Cd25+ Regulatory T Cells Contribute To Gender Differences In Susceptibility To Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Jay Reddy, Hanspeter Waldner, Xingmin Zhang, Zsolt Illes, Kai W. Wucherpfennig, Raymond A. Sobel, Vijay K. Kuchroo Jan 2005

Cutting Edge: Cd4+Cd25+ Regulatory T Cells Contribute To Gender Differences In Susceptibility To Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Jay Reddy, Hanspeter Waldner, Xingmin Zhang, Zsolt Illes, Kai W. Wucherpfennig, Raymond A. Sobel, Vijay K. Kuchroo

Jay Reddy Publications

Female B10.S mice are highly resistant to proteolipid protein (PLP) 139–151-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and depletion of PLP 139–151- reactive CD4+CD25+regulatory T (Treg) cells can slightly increase their EAE susceptibility. Although male B10.S mice are moderately susceptible to EAE, we report that depletion of Treg cells in male B10.S mice before immunization with PLP 139–151 renders them highly susceptible to severe EAE with more CNS neutrophil infiltrates than nondepleted controls. Increased susceptibility is associated with an enhanced PLP 139–151-specific T cell response and greater production of IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-17. Male CD4+CD25+ effector cells depleted of Treg cells proliferate …

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Latency-Related Gene Encoded By Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Promotes Virus Growth And Reactivation From Latency In Tonsils Of Infected Calves, Sandra Perez, Melissa Inman, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones Jan 2005

Latency-Related Gene Encoded By Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Promotes Virus Growth And Reactivation From Latency In Tonsils Of Infected Calves, Sandra Perez, Melissa Inman, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Infection of calves with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) results in transient immunosuppression that may lead to bacterium-induced pneumonia and, occasionally, death. Although sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) are the primary site of BHV-1 latency, viral genomes are detected in the tonsils of latently infected calves. Dexamethasone (DEX) consistently induces reactivation from latency, and viral gene expression is detected in TG and tonsils. In sensory neurons of latently infected calves, the latency-related (LR) gene is abundantly expressed and is required for reactivation from latency. In the present study, we compared the abilities of wild-type (wt) BHV-1 and a strain …

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Factors Associated With The Presence Of Coliforms In The Feed And Water Of Feedlot Cattle, Michael W. Sanderson, Jan M. Sargeant, David G. Renter, Dicky Dee Griffin, Robert A. Smith Jan 2005

Factors Associated With The Presence Of Coliforms In The Feed And Water Of Feedlot Cattle, Michael W. Sanderson, Jan M. Sargeant, David G. Renter, Dicky Dee Griffin, Robert A. Smith

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to investigate coliform counts in feedlot cattle water and feed rations and their associations with management, climate, fecal material, and water Escherichia coli O157 using a cross-sectional study design. Coliform counts were performed on feed samples from 671 pens on 70 feedlots and on water samples from 702 pens on 72 feedlots in four U.S. states collected between May and August 2001. Management and climate factors were obtained by survey and observation. Month of sampling (higher in May and June), presence of corn silage in the ration (negative association), temperature of the feed 1 …

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Serologic Survey Of Select Infectious Diseases In Coyotes And Raccoons In Nebraska, Richard Bischof, Douglas G. Rogers Jan 2005

Serologic Survey Of Select Infectious Diseases In Coyotes And Raccoons In Nebraska, Richard Bischof, Douglas G. Rogers

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

To obtain data about select zoonotic and other infectious diseases in free-ranging predators in five ecoregions in Nebraska, sera were collected from 67 coyotes (Canis latrans) and 63 raccoons (Procyon lotor)) from November 2002 through January 2003. For coyotes, antibodies were detected against canine distemper virus (CDV, 61%), Francisella tularensis) (32%), Rickettsia rickettsi) (13%), and flaviviruses (48%). None of the coyote sera had antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella canis), or six serovars of Leptospira interrogans). Because serologic cross-reactivity exists among flaviviruses, 14 sera from flavivirus-positive coyotes were also tested for St. Louis …

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Temperature Dependence Of The Magnetism In Fe/Cu(001), Axel Enders, D. Repetto, D. Peterka, Klaus Kern Jan 2005

Temperature Dependence Of The Magnetism In Fe/Cu(001), Axel Enders, D. Repetto, D. Peterka, Klaus Kern

Axel Enders Publications

The correlation between morphology and magnetism of ultrathin epitaxial films is investigated by a combined study of variable temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements, and Kerr microscopy under ultrahigh vacuum condition. The magnetization reversal of the films was studied as a function of temperature by imaging the propagation of Bloch domain walls in situ. It is demonstrated on the example of fcc Fe films grown at 120 K on Cu(001) that changes in the morphology of the films during annealing are directly reflected in modified magnetic properties. Competing pinning mechanisms for the domain wall propagation are identified. The …

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Experimental Studies Of Light Propagation And Storage In Warm Atomic Gases, H. Gao, Mark A. Rosenberry, J. Wang, Herman Batelaan Jan 2005

Experimental Studies Of Light Propagation And Storage In Warm Atomic Gases, H. Gao, Mark A. Rosenberry, J. Wang, Herman Batelaan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We report on an experimental study of slow pulse propagation and polarization storage of light in an atomic vapour for pulse durations ranging from several μs to 100 μs, for non-zero magnetic fields, for temperatures ranging from 65 to 90 °C and for two different rubidium isotopes. The results confirm the presence of the electromagnetically induced transparency window as predicted by Lukin (1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 2959). We show that time-dependent optical rotation can mask the storage of light signal, and demonstrate storage of light for the 85Rb isotope.

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Electron Diffraction From Free-Standing, Metal-Coated Transmission Gratings, Glen Gronniger, Brett E. Barwick, Herman Batelaan, Tim Savas, David E. Pritchard, Alex Cronin Jan 2005

Electron Diffraction From Free-Standing, Metal-Coated Transmission Gratings, Glen Gronniger, Brett E. Barwick, Herman Batelaan, Tim Savas, David E. Pritchard, Alex Cronin

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Electron diffraction from a free-standing nanofabricated transmission grating was demonstrated, with energies ranging from 125 eV to 25 keV. Observation of 21 diffraction orders highlights the quality of the gratings. The image charge potential due to one electron was measured by rotating the grating. These gratings may pave the way to low-energy electron interferometry.

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Dielectric Properties And Maxwell-Wagner Relaxation Of Xompounds Acu3Ti4O12 (A=Ca,Bi2/3,Y2/3,La2/3), Jianjun Liu, Chun-Gang Duan, Wai-Ning Mei, R. W. Smith, John R. Hardy Jan 2005

Dielectric Properties And Maxwell-Wagner Relaxation Of Xompounds Acu3Ti4O12 (A=Ca,Bi2/3,Y2/3,La2/3), Jianjun Liu, Chun-Gang Duan, Wai-Ning Mei, R. W. Smith, John R. Hardy

John R. Hardy Papers

We have studied the frequency and temperature dependences of permittivity and impedance of the compounds ACu3Ti4O12 (A=Ca, Bi2/3, Y2/3, Las2/3) in the ranges of 10−1–106 Hz and −150–200 °C. All compounds investigated display similar dielectric properties. Specifically, they all have a Debye-like relaxation and their dielectric constants are independent of frequency and temperature over a wide range. They all have two electrical responses in impedance formalism, indicating that there are two distinct contributions. We attribute them to grains and grain boundaries in the ceramic samples and explain the …

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Phase Transition In Single Crystal Cs2Nb4O11, Jianjun Liu, E. P. Kharitonova, Chun-Gang Duan, Wai-Ning Mei, R. W. Smith, John R. Hardy Jan 2005

Phase Transition In Single Crystal Cs2Nb4O11, Jianjun Liu, E. P. Kharitonova, Chun-Gang Duan, Wai-Ning Mei, R. W. Smith, John R. Hardy

John R. Hardy Papers

We studied temperature dependence of complex capacitance, impedance, and polarized Raman spectra of single crystal Cs2Nb4O11. First, we observed a sharp λ-shaped peak at 165 °C in the complex capacitance, then found drastic changes in the Raman spectra in the same temperature range. Utilizing the pseudosymmetry search of structure space group, we attributed the observed anomalies to a structural change from the room temperature orthorhombic Pnn2 to another orthorhombic Imm2. We also measured room temperature polarized Raman spectra in different symmetries of normal vibrations and assigned high wavenumber Raman bands to the …

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Examining The Screening Limit Of Field Effect Devices Via The Metal–Insulator Transition, X. Hong, A. Posadas, C. H. Ahn Jan 2005

Examining The Screening Limit Of Field Effect Devices Via The Metal–Insulator Transition, X. Hong, A. Posadas, C. H. Ahn

Xia Hong Publications

The electronic screening length, the distance over which an electric field is attenuated in a material, imposes a lower physical bound on the lateral size scaling of semiconductor field effect devices. Alternatives will be needed to achieve devices whose characteristic dimensions approach a nanometer. In this work, we demonstrate the atomic-scale nature of screening at high electron densities, using the polarization field of a ferroelectric oxide, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, to electrostatically modulate the metallicity of ultrathin manganite La1−xSrxMnO3 (LSMO) films near the metal-insulator transition. Within the screening length, the transport characteristics of LSMO vary sharply …

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Magnetic Moments And Adiabatic Magnetization Of Free Cobalt Clusters, Xiaoshan Xu, Shuangye Yin, Ramiro Moro, Walt A. De Heer Jan 2005

Magnetic Moments And Adiabatic Magnetization Of Free Cobalt Clusters, Xiaoshan Xu, Shuangye Yin, Ramiro Moro, Walt A. De Heer

Xiaoshan Xu Papers

Magnetizations and magnetic moments of free cobalt clusters CoN (12< N <200) in a cryogenic (25 K ≤ T ≤ 100 K) molecular beam were determined from Stern-Gerlach deflections. All clusters preferentially deflect in the direction of the increasing field and the average magnetization resembles the Langevin function for all cluster sizes even at low temperatures. We demonstrate in the avoided crossing model that the average magnetization may result from adiabatic processes of rotating and vibrating clusters in the magnetic field and that spin relaxation is not involved. This resolves a longstanding problem in the interpretation of cluster beam deflection experiments with implications for nanomagnetic systems in …

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A Multilocus Population Genetic Survey Of The Greater Sage-Grouse Across Their Range, S. J. Oyler-Mccance, S.E. Taylor, T. W. Quinn Jan 2005

A Multilocus Population Genetic Survey Of The Greater Sage-Grouse Across Their Range, S. J. Oyler-Mccance, S.E. Taylor, T. W. Quinn

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The distribution and abundance of the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have declined dramatically, and as a result the species has become the focus of conservation efforts. We conducted a range-wide genetic survey of the species which included 46 populations and over 1000 individuals using both mitochondria1 sequence data and data from seven nuclear microsatellites. Nested clade and STRUCTURE analyses revealed that, in general, the greater sage-grouse populations follow an isolation-by-distance model of restricted gene flow. This suggests that movements of the greater sage-grouse are typically among neighboring populations and not across the species, range. This may have important …

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Transport Of Chemical And Microbial Compounds From Known Wastewater Discharges: Potential For Use As Indicators Of Human Fecal Contamination, Susan Glassmeyer, Edward Furlong, Dana Kolpin, Jeffrey Cahill, Steven Zaugg, Stephen Werner, Michael Meyer, David Kryak Jan 2005

Transport Of Chemical And Microbial Compounds From Known Wastewater Discharges: Potential For Use As Indicators Of Human Fecal Contamination, Susan Glassmeyer, Edward Furlong, Dana Kolpin, Jeffrey Cahill, Steven Zaugg, Stephen Werner, Michael Meyer, David Kryak

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The quality of drinking and recreational water is currently (2005) determined using indicator bacteria. However, the culture tests used to analyze for these bacteria require a long time to complete and do not discriminate between human and animal fecal material sources. One complementary approach is to use chemicals found in human wastewater, which would have the advantages of (1) potentially shorter analysis times than the bacterial culture tests and (2) being selected for human-source specificity. At 10 locations, water samples were collected upstream and at two successive points downstream from a waste-waster treatment plant (WWTP); a treated effluent sample was …

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West Nile Virus Infection In Farmed American Alligators (Alligator Mississippiensis) In Florida, Elliott R. Jacobson, Pamela E. Ginn, J. Mitchell Troutman, Lisa Farina, Lillian Stark, Kaci Klenk, Kristen L. Burkhalter, Nicholas Komar Jan 2005

West Nile Virus Infection In Farmed American Alligators (Alligator Mississippiensis) In Florida, Elliott R. Jacobson, Pamela E. Ginn, J. Mitchell Troutman, Lisa Farina, Lillian Stark, Kaci Klenk, Kristen L. Burkhalter, Nicholas Komar

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Serologic Evidence Of Exposure Of Wild Mammals To Flaviviruses In The Central And Eastern United States, J. Jeffrey Root, Jeffrey S. Hall, Robert G. Mclean, Nicole L. Marlenee, Barry J. Beaty, Justin Gansowski, Larry Clark Jan 2005

Serologic Evidence Of Exposure Of Wild Mammals To Flaviviruses In The Central And Eastern United States, J. Jeffrey Root, Jeffrey S. Hall, Robert G. Mclean, Nicole L. Marlenee, Barry J. Beaty, Justin Gansowski, Larry Clark

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Serosurveys were conducted to obtain flavivirus and West Nile virus (WNV) seroprevalence data from mammals. Sera from 513 small- and medium-sized mammals collected during late summer and fall 2003 from Colorado, Louisiana, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania were screened for flavivirus-specific antibodies. Sera samples containing antibody to flaviviruses were screened for WNV-specific antibodies by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and confirmed with plaque reduction neutralization tests. Prevalence of WNV antibodies among study sites ranged from 0% to 42.8% among the mammal communities sampled. High prevalence rates for WNV were noted among raccoons (100%, with a very small sample size, N = …

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Climate Change And Amphibians, P.S. Corn Jan 2005

Climate Change And Amphibians, P.S. Corn

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Amphibian life histories are exceedingly sensitive to temperature and precipitation, and there is good evidence that recent climate change has already resulted in a shift to breeding earlier in the year for some species. There are also suggestions that the recent increase in the occurrence of El Niño events has caused declines of anurans in Central America and is linked to elevated mortality of amphibian embryos in the northwestern United States. However, evidence linking amphibian declines in Central America to climate relies solely on correlations, and the mechanisms underlying the declines are not understood. Connections between embryo mortality and declines …

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An Evaluation Of Weather And Disease As Causes Of Decline In Two Populations Of Boreal Toads, Rick D. Scherer, Erin Muths, Barry R. Noon, Paul Stephen Corn Jan 2005

An Evaluation Of Weather And Disease As Causes Of Decline In Two Populations Of Boreal Toads, Rick D. Scherer, Erin Muths, Barry R. Noon, Paul Stephen Corn

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Two populations of boreal toads (Bufo boreas) experienced drastic declines in abundance in the late 1990s. Evidence supported the hypothesis of disease (the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) as the cause of these declines. but other hypotheses had not been evaluated. We used an 11-year capture-recapture data set to evaluate weather and disease as causes of these declines. We developed sets of mathematical models that reflected hypothesized relationships between several weather variables and annual survival rates of adult males in these populations. In addition, models that reflected the possibility that the declines were caused by an introduced fungus …

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Amphibian Research And Monitoring Initiative (Armi): A Successful Start To A National Program In The United States, Erin Muths, Robin E. Jung, Larissa L. Bailey, Michael J. Adams, P. Stephen Corn, C. Kenneth Dodd Jr., Gary M. Fellers, Walter J. Sadinski, Cecil R. Schwalbe, Susan C. Walls, Robert N. Fisher, Alisa L. Gallant, William A. Battaglin, D. Earl Green Jan 2005

Amphibian Research And Monitoring Initiative (Armi): A Successful Start To A National Program In The United States, Erin Muths, Robin E. Jung, Larissa L. Bailey, Michael J. Adams, P. Stephen Corn, C. Kenneth Dodd Jr., Gary M. Fellers, Walter J. Sadinski, Cecil R. Schwalbe, Susan C. Walls, Robert N. Fisher, Alisa L. Gallant, William A. Battaglin, D. Earl Green

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Most research to assess amphibian declines has focused on local-scale projects on one or a few species. The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) is a national program in the United States mandated by congressional directive and implemented by the U.S. Department of the Interior (specifically the U.S. Geological Survey, USGS). Program goals are to monitor changes in populations of amphibians across U.S. Department of the Interior lands and to address research questions related to amphibian declines using a hierarchical framework of base-, mid- and apex-level monitoring sites. ARMI is currently monitoring 83 amphibian species (29% of species in the …

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Curiosities, Nonsense, Non-Science And Sri, J. E. Sheehy, T. R. Sinclair, Kenneth G. Cassman Jan 2005

Curiosities, Nonsense, Non-Science And Sri, J. E. Sheehy, T. R. Sinclair, Kenneth G. Cassman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The advocates of the system of rice intensification (SRI) have claimed both the world record for rice yield and the highest yields (by a substantial margin!) for any grain crop (Rafaralahy, 2002). This is curious because none of the usual information expected in support of these ‘fantastic yields’ was presented to support the claim. Absent were data concerning cultivar, experimental design, statistical errors, dates of planting and harvesting, soil types, fertilizer inputs, weed control, disease control, insect control, water management and the weather. Was the information withheld because they wanted to repeat the experiments and publish their incredible results in …

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Genetic Improvement Trends In Agronomic Performances And End-Use Quality Characteristics Among Hard Red Winter Wheat Cultivars In Nebraska, H. Fufa, P. Stephen Baenziger, B. S. Beecher, Robert A. Graybosch, Kent M. Eskridge, Lenis Alton Nelson Jan 2005

Genetic Improvement Trends In Agronomic Performances And End-Use Quality Characteristics Among Hard Red Winter Wheat Cultivars In Nebraska, H. Fufa, P. Stephen Baenziger, B. S. Beecher, Robert A. Graybosch, Kent M. Eskridge, Lenis Alton Nelson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Evaluation of wheat cultivars from different eras allows breeders to determine changes in agronomic and end-use quality characteristics associated with grain yield and end-use quality improvement over time. The objective of this research was to examine the trends in agronomic and end-use quality characteristics of hard red winter wheat cultivars grown in Nebraska. Thirty historically important and popular hard red winter wheat cultivars introduced or released between 1874 and 2000 were evaluated at Lincoln, Mead, and North Platte, Nebraska in 2002 and 2003. An alpha lattice design with 15 incomplete blocks of two plots and three replications was used at …

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