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Ebola: A Significant Threat As An Infectious Disease, And As A Potential Bioterrorism Agent, Çağatay Üstün, Özge Özgürler
Ebola: A Significant Threat As An Infectious Disease, And As A Potential Bioterrorism Agent, Çağatay Üstün, Özge Özgürler
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
No abstract provided.
Peripheral Facial Paralysis And Apoptosis Induced By Herpes Simplex Type I Virus: A Rat Study, Ni̇met Kabakuş, H. Cengi̇z Alpay, Ahmet Gödekmerdan, Üzeyi̇r Gök, Nusret Akpolat
Peripheral Facial Paralysis And Apoptosis Induced By Herpes Simplex Type I Virus: A Rat Study, Ni̇met Kabakuş, H. Cengi̇z Alpay, Ahmet Gödekmerdan, Üzeyi̇r Gök, Nusret Akpolat
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
Different results have been reported concerning the impact of agents used in the treatment of idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (FNP) generated by HSV type I (HSV-I) on the apoptotic process. We aimed at investigating the effects of different agents (steroids, acyclovir and interferon) used in the treatment of idiopathic FNP on the apoptotic process in animals in whom experimental FNP has been produced by HSV-I. After cleaning the auricles of 113 animals, linear injuries were produced, and then 25 micromole KOS HSV-I was inoculated with the solution containing 1.7 x 107 virus per milliliter. On the 6th day after the …
Effect Of Carotid Stenosis On The Development Of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study, Canan Atalay, Ednan Bayram, Mehmet Dumlu Aydin, Mehmet Bi̇li̇ci̇, Zafer Okumuş, Cemal Gündoğdu
Effect Of Carotid Stenosis On The Development Of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study, Canan Atalay, Ednan Bayram, Mehmet Dumlu Aydin, Mehmet Bi̇li̇ci̇, Zafer Okumuş, Cemal Gündoğdu
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may be seen after the invasive procedures of occlusive carotid artery disease. The objective of this experimental study is to investigate the effect of bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCCAL) on the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Twenty Wistar adult rats (150-200g) were randomly divided into two groups, as follows: (ı) Control group (without BCCAL, n = 5), (II) BCCAL group (n = 15). All rats were sacrificed three months later. The basilar artery with surrounding tissue was removed from the cranium and processed for paraffin embedding. Histopathological and Stereological examinations of the basilar artery were made. During …
Subclinical Laminitis In Dairy Cattle: 205 Selected Cases, Ali̇ Belge, Bahti̇yar Bakir, Ramazan Gönenci̇, Sedat Ormanci
Subclinical Laminitis In Dairy Cattle: 205 Selected Cases, Ali̇ Belge, Bahti̇yar Bakir, Ramazan Gönenci̇, Sedat Ormanci
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The economic importance of lameness in dairy cattle has newly been recognized in Turkey. Lameness incidence in Turkey has been reported to be between 13% and 58%, which is similar to that of other countries where 4% and 55% incidence rates have been reported. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of sole lesions associated with subclinical laminitis in the hooves of dairy cattle in Van, Turkey. The risk factors for subclinical laminitis are proposed and discussed. The soles 205 selected dairy cattle were examined. The lesions were determined as solar hemorrhage (61.4%), yellow waxy discoloration (58.5%), …
Seroprevalence Of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis In Kuşadası, Turkey, Seray Özensoy Töz, Hati̇ce Ertabaklar, Yusuf Özbel, İ. Cüneyt Balcioğlu, Nevzat Yildizli, M. Zi̇ya Alkan
Seroprevalence Of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis In Kuşadası, Turkey, Seray Özensoy Töz, Hati̇ce Ertabaklar, Yusuf Özbel, İ. Cüneyt Balcioğlu, Nevzat Yildizli, M. Zi̇ya Alkan
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Human and canine visceral leishmaniasis cases have been reported from Kuşadası, a town in western Turkey, since 1993. In order to better understand the epidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanVL) in the region, we aimed: (i) to determine the prevalence of CanVL in Kuşadası using a randomly selected dog population and (ii) to measure the effect of case control on the prevalence of the disease. In this study, all 109 dogs kept at the dog shelter of Kuşadası Municipality (reflecting random selectivity) were screened serologically using IFAT and rK39 ELISA in 1999. Ten dogs (9.1%) were seropositive or borderline in …
The Effect Of Oxytetracycline On Non-Specific Immune Response In Sea Bream (Sparus Aurata L. 1758), Ramazan Serezli̇, Haşmet Çağirgan, İbrahi̇m Okumuş, Süleyman Akhan, Fi̇kri̇ Balta
The Effect Of Oxytetracycline On Non-Specific Immune Response In Sea Bream (Sparus Aurata L. 1758), Ramazan Serezli̇, Haşmet Çağirgan, İbrahi̇m Okumuş, Süleyman Akhan, Fi̇kri̇ Balta
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of orally administered oxytetracycline HCl (OTC) of 75 mg/kg body weight for 10 days on the immune response in sea bream (Sparus aurata L. 1758) using the nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test and erythrocyte and leucocyte counts. Administration of 75 mg/kg OTC for 10 days enhanced the non-specific immune response, and increased NBT (+) cell, total erythrocyte and leucocyte numbers in sea bream at 23 ± 1 ºC. The effect of OTC on the immune system lasted around 21 days after ceasing the administration and the parameters …
Determination Of The Recruitment To Stock And Reproduction Period For Flounder (Platichthys Flesus Luscus Pallas, 1811) Along The Trabzon-Rize Coast, Eastern Black Sea, Erhan Çi̇loğlu
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The length and weight distribution of flounder (Platichthys flesus luscus Pallas, 1811) were 14.2-34.1 cm and 28.879-611.0 g, respectively. The samples were distributed between the 0 and VII age groups. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters for flounder were L_t = 41.241[1-e^{-0.161(t+3.240)}] for females, L_t= 33.567[1-e^{-0.181(t+3.525)}] for males and L_t = 40.577[1-e^{-0.142(t+3.105)}] for the sexes combined. Reproduction took place from December to March but peaked in December. Two recruitment periods were determined for flounder: the first was January to July, and the second August to November. The proportions of recruitment in the first and second periods were 68.13% and 31.87%, respectively.
Some Biological Properties Of The Leuciscus Cephalus (L., 1758) Population Living In Karakaya Dam Lake In Malatya (Turkey), Ercan Kalkan, Muhi̇tti̇n Yilmaz, A. Ümi̇t Erdemli̇
Some Biological Properties Of The Leuciscus Cephalus (L., 1758) Population Living In Karakaya Dam Lake In Malatya (Turkey), Ercan Kalkan, Muhi̇tti̇n Yilmaz, A. Ümi̇t Erdemli̇
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The sex distribution, growth in length and weight, growth rates and condition factors of Chub (Leuciscus cephalus (L., 1758)) in Karakaya dam lake were examined. Females made up 63.64% and males 36.37% (1.75:1) of 527 samples. The females and males were in the I-VI and I-V age groups, respectively. The reproductive properties of L. cephalus such as spawning period, age at attainment of maturity, egg diameter and ovarium weight were investigated. Student's t test showed that differences in length and weight between females and males of the same age groups were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). The growth, both in length …
Relationships Between Milk Yield And Udder Measurements In Brown Swiss Cows, Muammer Ti̇lki̇, Şeref İnal, Mehmet Çolak, Mustafa Gari̇p
Relationships Between Milk Yield And Udder Measurements In Brown Swiss Cows, Muammer Ti̇lki̇, Şeref İnal, Mehmet Çolak, Mustafa Gari̇p
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The effects of udder and teat measurements on milk yield in Brown Swiss Cows were studied. The differences among the means for front and rear teat length, front and rear teat diameter, front and rear udder height, distance between front teats and mammary type scores in different lactation numbers were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Front and rear teat length, and front and rear udder height after milking were higher than before milking. Front and rear teat diameter, distance between front teats, distance between rear teats and distance between front and rear teats after milking were lower than before milking. Furthermore, 305-day milk yield and milk yield per milking were significantly positively correlated with distance between front and rear teats and mammary type scores before milking (P < 0.001). The mean values before milking for front and rear teat length, front and rear teat diameter, front and rear teat udder height, distance between front teats, distance between rear teats, distance between front and rear teats and mammary type scores at general lactation were 59.45 and 49.72 mm, 22.14 and 21.53 mm, 47.96 and 47.59 cm, 12.29 cm, 7.76 cm, 9.58 cm and 23.65, respectively. In conclusion, teat and udder measurements and mammary type scores significantly affected milk yield.
Bioaccumulation Of Some Heavy Metals (Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu) In Two Bivalvia Species (Pinctada Radiata Leach, 1814 And Brachidontes Pharaonis Fischer, 1870), Müni̇r Zi̇ya Lugal Göksu, Mustafa Akar, Fatma Çevi̇k, Özlem Findik
Bioaccumulation Of Some Heavy Metals (Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu) In Two Bivalvia Species (Pinctada Radiata Leach, 1814 And Brachidontes Pharaonis Fischer, 1870), Müni̇r Zi̇ya Lugal Göksu, Mustafa Akar, Fatma Çevi̇k, Özlem Findik
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals (Cd, Fe, Zn and Cu) in fresh parts of 2 bivalvia species (Pinctada radiata Leach, 1814 and Brachidontes pharaonis Fischer, 1870) was examined in samples collected between May, 1999, and April, 2000, in Akkuyu Bay (İçel, Turkey). Heavy metal contents in soft bodies were measured by an atomic absorption spectrophometer. The means of the amounts of heavy metals with standard errors were estimated as follows: 0.0605 ± 0.00467 µgg^{-1} Cd, 2.8227 ± 0.24486 µgg^{-1} Fe, 0.2979 ± 0.02368 µgg^{-1} Zn, and 0.0355 ± 0.00303 µgg^{-1} Cu (wet weight) for B. pharaonis, but for P. radiata …
Gonadal Oocyte Development In Lhrha Hormone Treated European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax L., 1758) Broodstock, Kürşat Firat, Şahi̇n Saka, Cüneyt Süzer
Gonadal Oocyte Development In Lhrha Hormone Treated European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax L., 1758) Broodstock, Kürşat Firat, Şahi̇n Saka, Cüneyt Süzer
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Stages of oocyte maturation in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) gonads after LHRHa hormonal treatment were investigated. LHRHa was injected into sea bass broodstock with an oocyte diameter of 527-580 µm. A second injection was given 12 h after the first injection. For each injection a dose of 10 µg/kg was used. At 24 h, oil globules in oocytes were randomly distributed. These oil globules started to fuse and change to a spherical shape from an ellipsoidal shape at 36 and 42 h. Ovulation was observed between 45 and 54 h after the first intramuscular injection. After 54 h from the …
The Effects Of Cadmium On Levels Of Glucose In Serum And Glycogen Reserves In The Liver And Muscle Tissues Of Cyprinus Carpio (L., 1758), Bedi̇i̇ Ci̇ci̇k, Kenan Engi̇n
The Effects Of Cadmium On Levels Of Glucose In Serum And Glycogen Reserves In The Liver And Muscle Tissues Of Cyprinus Carpio (L., 1758), Bedi̇i̇ Ci̇ci̇k, Kenan Engi̇n
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) was exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mgl^{-1}) for 10 days. The levels of serum glucose and glycogen reserves in the liver and muscle tissues were measured both in fish exposed and not exposed to Cd. The levels of glycogen reserves in the liver and muscle tissues were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cd compared with the levels measured in the control groups. The decrease in glycogen levels in the liver and muscle tissues under the highest metal concentration (1.0 mgl^{-1}) were 24% and 29%, respectively. The blood serum glucose levels of fish exposed to Cd were significantly (P < 0.05) increased compared with the levels measured in the control groups. This increase was correlated with the increase in water Cd concentrations.
Determination Of Seropositivity For Toxoplasma Gondii In Sheep In Şanlıurfa Province, Murat Sevgi̇li̇, Cahi̇t Babür, Serpi̇l Nalbantoğlu, Gülçi̇n Karaş, Zati̇ Vatansever
Determination Of Seropositivity For Toxoplasma Gondii In Sheep In Şanlıurfa Province, Murat Sevgi̇li̇, Cahi̇t Babür, Serpi̇l Nalbantoğlu, Gülçi̇n Karaş, Zati̇ Vatansever
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The aim of this study was to detect the seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii in sheep in Şanlıurfa province using the Sabin-Feldman dye test. Serum samples collected from 300 sheep were tested for T. gondii. Serological examination revealed 167 (55.66%) sheep to be seropositive. Among these sera the numbers of seropositive samples at certain dilution steps were as follows: 65 at 1/16, 63 at 1/64, 27 at 1/256 and 12 at 1/1024. There was no significant correlation between seropositivity and the factors age, sex and breed. In conclusion, detection of a 34% seropositivity rate in 1/64 and higher dilutions indicates the …
Seroprevalence Of Neospora Caninum In Cattle In The Province Of Şanlıurfa, Murat Sevgi̇li̇, Mehtap Gül Altaş, Oktay Keski̇n
Seroprevalence Of Neospora Caninum In Cattle In The Province Of Şanlıurfa, Murat Sevgi̇li̇, Mehtap Gül Altaş, Oktay Keski̇n
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Blood samples were collected from 305 cows in the province of Şanlıurfa for determining the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum. Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies against N. caninum antigen using a commercially competitive inhibition (CI) ELISA. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 23 of the 305 (7.5%) cow sera based on ELISA test results. With regard to seropositivity, no significant difference was observed among the origin, animal breed, and age (P > 0.05).
Microbiological Properties Of Boneless Sheep Meat In Kahramanmaraş, Özlem Turgay
Microbiological Properties Of Boneless Sheep Meat In Kahramanmaraş, Özlem Turgay
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
This study was undertaken to determine the microbiological properties of boneless sheep meat sold by supermarkets, local markets and butchers in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, and also to examine the microbiological quality of the food surfaces and tools used. Of the meat samples, 93 were collected from supermarkets (group 1), 25 from local markets (group 2) and 21 from butchers (group 3). Food surface and tool samples were collected from 139 cutting tables, 139 chopping boards, 139 workbenches, 255 knives, 139 balances and 278 aprons. The mean values of the aerobic plate count (log CFU/g) of the boneless sheep meat samples from …
Chorionic Villus Sampling (Cvs) In Cows, Fulya Tekşen, Mustafa Kaymaz, Okan Ertuğrul
Chorionic Villus Sampling (Cvs) In Cows, Fulya Tekşen, Mustafa Kaymaz, Okan Ertuğrul
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Eleven slaughtered Holstein and 11 slaughtered Holstein x Anatolian black pregnant cows (10 female, 12 male fetuses) were studied. Gestational ages of the cattle ranged from 67 days to 245 days. The average ages for the first trimester and second trimester were 79.58 ± 3.04 and 113.89 ± 4.08 days, respectively. In this first attempt, 3 cultures failed and no metaphase could be obtained. In the rest of the cases 9 females with 60 XX and 10 males with 60 XY were obtained. In addition to normal metaphase plates, a high incidence of tetraploid plates belonging to normal fetus phenotypes …
Cover And Contents
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
No abstract provided.
Altering The Lactation Cycle: Is A 60-Day Dry Period Too Long?, Mehmet Şükrü Gülay
Altering The Lactation Cycle: Is A 60-Day Dry Period Too Long?, Mehmet Şükrü Gülay
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The most critical problem for the evaluation of different dry period lengths is the relationship between days dry and subsequent milk production. It is assumed that when a cow is dried off, the loss in the current lactation will be compensated for by greater milk production during the following lactation. However, the process of parturition and initiation of lactation are extremely important events and they are associated with many problems that may result in removal of the individual cow from the herd or in greatly reduced milk production, especially early in the lactation. Therefore, identification of the shortest possible dry …
Some Biological Aspects Of The Himri Barbel, Barbus Luteus, In The Intermediate Reaches Of The Euphrates River, Ramez Al Hazzaa
Some Biological Aspects Of The Himri Barbel, Barbus Luteus, In The Intermediate Reaches Of The Euphrates River, Ramez Al Hazzaa
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Growth; length-weight, standard-, fork-, and total length relationships; age composition; sex ratios; age at first maturity; and fecundity of the himri, Barbus luteus, from different sites along the middle reaches of the Euphrates River were investigated. Von Bertalanffy's growth models were L_t = 54.71 (1-e^{0.110 (t+0.163)}), W_t = 1252.833 (1-e^{0.127 (t+1.825)})^{2.454} in males, and L_t = 56.93 (1-e^{0.105 (t+0.377)}), W_t = 1395.363 (1-e^{0.107 (t-1.81)})^{2.545} in females. Isometric growth was identified from length-weight relationships. Younger age groups dominated the catches, with identifiable ages ranged from II to VII years. Sexual ratios were unbiased and did not deviate from 1:1. Most fish …
On The Distribution And Morphology Of The Steppe Viper, Vipera Eriwanensis (Reuss, 1933), From Gavur Mountain (Gümüşhane), Bi̇lal Kutrup, Ufuk Bülbül, Nurhayat Yilmaz
On The Distribution And Morphology Of The Steppe Viper, Vipera Eriwanensis (Reuss, 1933), From Gavur Mountain (Gümüşhane), Bi̇lal Kutrup, Ufuk Bülbül, Nurhayat Yilmaz
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Vipera eriwanensis (Reuss, 1933), known only from the localities of the eastern Aras River in Turkey, was morphologically examined and compared with the related species on the basis of one additional specimen from Gavur mountain (province Gümüşhane), situated outside the known localities. This information changed our knowledge of the total distribution of V. eriwanensis, clearly showing that this taxon has expanded its range at least 210 km to the west in eastern Turkey. Furthermore it differs from V. eriwanensis reported from Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan in having a lower number of mid-body scales and loreals, and a higher number of …
On The Fish Fauna Of Lake İznik (Turkey), Müfi̇t Özuluğ, Ömer Altun, Nuretti̇n Meri̇ç
On The Fish Fauna Of Lake İznik (Turkey), Müfi̇t Özuluğ, Ömer Altun, Nuretti̇n Meri̇ç
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Lake İznik, which is under the threat of pollution, has been subject to a very limited number of studies in terms of its fish fauna, and therefore the species living in the lake are not well known yet. It was demonstrated that 19 fish species inhabit Lake İznik: Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758), Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstadt, 1772), Barbus tauricus escherichi Steindachner, 1897, Capoeta tinca (Heckel, 1843), Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758), Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840), Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758), Vimba vimba (Linnaeus, 1758), Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758), Cobitis vardarensis Karaman, 1928, Nemacheilus angorae Steindachner, …
The Effect Of Mad Cow (Bse) Scare On Beef Demand And Sales Loss: The Case Of İzmir, Bülent Mi̇ran, Sedef Akgüngör
The Effect Of Mad Cow (Bse) Scare On Beef Demand And Sales Loss: The Case Of İzmir, Bülent Mi̇ran, Sedef Akgüngör
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
This paper investigates the effect of the BSE scare on beef consumption due to the intense media coverage. Using monthly data, a beef demand model for January 1995-February 1997 period is estimated for İzmir Province. Beef sales dropped immediately after the media coverage on BSE in April 1996 and continued through June 1996 when the intense media coverage stopped. The econometric model reveals that beef sales in İzmir would have been 36.4% higher if the BSE crisis never occurred. The annual individual willingness to pay is $0.5224 per year to avoid consuming BSE contaminated meat.
Comparison Of Heavy Metal Levels Of Grey Mullet (Mugil Cephalus L.) And Sea Bream (Sparus Aurata L.) Caught In İskenderun Bay (Turkey), Ayşe Bahar Yilmaz
Comparison Of Heavy Metal Levels Of Grey Mullet (Mugil Cephalus L.) And Sea Bream (Sparus Aurata L.) Caught In İskenderun Bay (Turkey), Ayşe Bahar Yilmaz
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
In this study Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb and Zn contents were determined in muscle, skin and gonads of two fish species (Mugil cephalus L. and Sparus aurata L.) caught at three stations in the İskenderun Bay of the Eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Heavy metal concentrations varied significantly depending on the type of the tissue, fish species, and location of stations. Generally, M. cephalus showed higher levels of metal concentrations than S. aurata in two of the stations in the inner bay; which might have resulted from the difference in foraging habits of the two species. Cu, Zn, Fe, …
Evaluation Of Bile Salt No. 3, Novobiocin, And Cefixime-Tellurite In Enrichment And/Or Selective Plating Media For Detection Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 From Ground Beef, Abamüslüm Güven, Murat Gülmez
Evaluation Of Bile Salt No. 3, Novobiocin, And Cefixime-Tellurite In Enrichment And/Or Selective Plating Media For Detection Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 From Ground Beef, Abamüslüm Güven, Murat Gülmez
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Efficacy of commonly used selective supplements for detection of E. coli O157:H7 from ground beef was evaluated for suppression of sorbitol positive flora while supporting recovery of sorbitol negative flora. Selectivity of bile free modified E. coli broth (b-mEC) was not improved by the single addition of bile salts no. 3 (1.12 mg/ml), novobiocin (20 µg/ml), cefixime (0.05 µg/ml)-tellurite (2.5 µg/ml), or their combinations. The sorbitol positive flora was more resistant to the selective agents than sorbitol negatives. Sorbitol MacConkey agar and E. coli O157:H7 agar had almost equal selectivity. Adding cefixime (0.05 µg/ml)-tellurite (2.5 µg/ml) to the selective plating …
Age, Growth And Diet Composition Of The Resident Brown Trout, Salmo Trutta Macrostigma Dumeril 1858, In Fırnız Stream Of The River Ceyhan, Turkey, Ahmet Alp, Cemi̇l Kara, Hakan Murat Büyükçapar
Age, Growth And Diet Composition Of The Resident Brown Trout, Salmo Trutta Macrostigma Dumeril 1858, In Fırnız Stream Of The River Ceyhan, Turkey, Ahmet Alp, Cemi̇l Kara, Hakan Murat Büyükçapar
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
It was aimed to describe some population charactersitics of Salmo trutta macrostigma from Fırnız Stream of the River Ceyhan. The age, growth, length-weight relationship and diet composition were investigated from May 2000 to February 2001. The ratio of male to female of 197 brown trout caught by electroshocker was 0.67:1.00 and their fork lengths varied from 8.0 to 48.5 cm and the majority of them were in the 11.0-17.0 cm length group. Total weights varied from 7.4 to 1441.0 g and age distribution ranged between 0 and 9. The length-weight relationships were estimated as W = 0.0149*FL^{3.009} (r = 0.994) …