Digital Commons Network^™

Day 2: Thursday, 18 August 2005: Candidate Conservation Agreements And Collaborative Multi-Party Agreements, Al Pfister, Gary Skiba, Tim Lehmann

Endangered Species Act Congressional Field Tour (August 17-19)

8 pages (includes illustrations and maps).

Contains references.

Day 2: Thursday, 18 August 2005: Canada Lynx Reintroduction, Gary Skiba, Rob Edward, Bonnie Kline

Endangered Species Act Congressional Field Tour (August 17-19)

5 pages (includes some color illustrations and maps).

Contains references.

Substantive Due Process As A Source Of Constitutional Protection For Nonpolitical Speech, Gregory P. Magarian

Working Paper Series

Present First Amendment doctrine presumptively protects anything within the descriptive category “expression” from government regulation, subject to balancing against countervailing government interests. As government actions during the present war on terrorism have made all too clear, that doctrine allows intolerable suppression of political debate and dissent – the expressive activity most integral to our constitutional design. At the same time, present doctrine fails to give a clear account of why the Constitution protects expressive autonomy and when that protection properly should yield to government interests, leading to an inconsistent and unsatisfying free speech regime. In this article, Professor Magarian advocates …

Crosslinked Chitosan: Its Physical Properties And The Effects Of Matrix Stiffness On Chondrocyte Cell Morphology And Proliferation, Anuradha Subramanian, Hsin-Yi Lin

Papers in Biotechnology

Chitosan [<(1-4)-2 amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose], the natural polyaminosaccharide derived from N-deacetylation of chitin [<(1-4)-2 acetamide-2-deoxy-d-glucose], has been shown to possess attractive biological and cell interactive properties. Recently chitosan and chitosan analogs have also been shown to support the growth and continued function of chondrocytes. In the present study, chitosan substrates are crosslinked with a func-tional diepoxide (1,4 butanediol diglycidyl ether) to alter its mechanical property, and the viability and proliferation of the canine articular chondrocytes seeded on the crosslinked surface are further assayed. Of interest is the impact of substrate stiffness on the growth and proliferation of articular canine chondrocytes. Cross linked scaffolds were also sub-jected to degradation by chitosanase to examine the impact of cross linking on enzyme- assisted degradation. The hydrophilicity and compression modulus of the crosslinked sur-faces were measured via contact-angle measurements and compression tests, respec-tively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent staining were used to ob-serve the proliferation and morphology of chondrocyte cells on noncrosslinked and crosslinked surfaces. The crosslinked chitosan was found to be nontoxic to chondrocytes and more hydrophilic. Its compression modulus and stiffness increased, which may im-prove the scaffold resistance to wear and in vivo shrinkage once implanted. The in-creased stiffness also seemed to serve as an additional mechanical stimulus to promote chondrocyte growth and proliferation. The cell morphology on crosslinked scaffolds seen by SEM and fluorescent stain was the typical chondrocytic rounded shape. The method proposed provides a nontoxic way to increase the mechanical strength of the chitosan scaffolds.

R.I.T. News & Events - August 18, 2005, University News Services, Rochester Institute Of Technology

University Publications

Main features of this issue: Highway bill includes RIT research funds. A musical tribute to a civil rights icon. Wine & Culinary Center classes begin this fall. Neighborhood alliance helps transform city block.Sen. Alesi secures program funding. News brief. Color science Q&A now online. Mark your calendars. Preparing mind and body for college. SG leaders focus on school spirit. Bader gives $100K. Paving the way for the future of math and science. Cyber threats studied. New book examines changing face of the printing industry. Packaging students earn top honors. Larsen Engineers celebrates 50 years in Rochester. A taste of college …

Animal Virus Replication And Rnai-Mediated Antiviral Silencing In Caenorhabditis Elegans, R. Lu, M. Maduro, F. Li, H. W. Li, G. Broitman-Maduro, W. X. Li, S. W. Ding

Faculty Publications

The worm Caenorhabditis elegans is a model system for studying many aspects of biology, including host responses to bacterial pathogens, but it is not known to support replication of any virus. Plants and insects encode multiple Dicer enzymes that recognize distinct precursors of small RNAs and may act cooperatively. However, it is not known whether the single Dicer of worms and mammals is able to initiate the small RNA-guided RNA interference (RNAi) antiviral immunity as occurs in plants and insects. Here we show complete replication of the Flock house virus (FHV) bipartite, plus-strand RNA genome in C. elegans. We show …

The Weekly Challenger, August 18, 2005, The Weekly Challenger, Et Al

Weekly Challenger Newspaper Collection

The August 18, 2005, issue of The Weekly Challenger.

Central Florida Future, Vol. 38 No. 01, August 18, 2005

Central Florida Future

Proposed football stadium entrenched in debate between north and south: Residents continue to request change in location to avoid traffic problems in neighborhoods surrounding campus; Welcome back: as the new academic year begins so does the quest of many students to find enrichment both academically and socially; Planning for future important choice for college students: When it comes to retirement it's never a bad idea to get started early; Freshmen link with campus leaders: SGA President kicks off a week of field trips fun for new freshmen students; Aruban murder suspect wears UCF shirt on TV.

The George-Anne, Georgia Southern University

The George-Anne

• Bomb Destroyed Inside Local Apartment
• Campus News
• National News
• Opinion
• Region News
• Sports
• Classifieds. Etc.
• Variety
• Roll Call

The Register, 2005-08-17, North Carolina Agricutural And Technical State University

NCAT Student Newspapers

No abstract provided.

Agenda: Endangered Species Act Congressional Field Tour, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Endangered Species Act Congressional Field Tour (August 17-19)

The Center sponsored its third annual field tour for staff members of the United States Congress, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and the Colorado state legislature.

Day 1: Wednesday, 17 August 2005: Science And The Esa, Joy Nicholopoulos, William Lewis

Endangered Species Act Congressional Field Tour (August 17-19)

43 pages (includes illustrations and map).

Contains references.

Day 1: Wednesday, 17 August 2005: Biodiversity And Critical Habitat, Charles Bedford, Federico Cheever, Tim Sullivan

Endangered Species Act Congressional Field Tour (August 17-19)

6 pages (includes color illustration).

Contains references.

Migration Ecology And Distribution Of King Eiders, Laura Marie Phillips

Biological Sciences

Alaskan-breeding king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) disperse from nesting areas on the Arctic Coastal Plain and move through the Beaufort Sea to wing molt and winter locations in remote areas of the Bering Sea. Knowledge of king eider distribution outside the breeding period is critical to provide regulatory agencies with opportunities to minimize potential negative impacts of resource development. To characterize the nonbreeding distribution of king eiders, we collected location data of 60 individuals over two years from satellite telemetry. During post-breeding migration, male king eiders had much broader use areas in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea than female eiders. Chronology of …

Population And Habitat Analyses For Dall's Sheep (Ovis Dalli) In Wrangell-St. Elias National Park And Preserve, Miranda Lilian Terwilliger

Biological Sciences

We summarized and statistically analyzed historical fixed-wing aerial surveys (1949-2002) and harvest records (1983-2002) of Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalIi) from Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST). Among survey units there were significant differences in observed densities, hunter-reported harvest, horn lengths of harvested rams, and horn length residuals from the regression of length on age. There was no consistent evidence of net change in WRST-wide sheep density, even though some survey units showed trends in density. Reported harvest in WRST declined linearly during 1973-2003 from 376 to 139 rams per year. We estimated the relationships among population and habitat …

Prospectus, August 17, 2005, Jon Volkman, Aaron Geiger, Nicole Simmons, Angela Corray, Sarah Ramey, Larry V. Gilbert, Joseph Rosenbaum, Erin Koelkebeck

Prospectus 2005

No abstract provided.

Survivability Of Total Coliforms In Freezing And Frozen Soils, Adhikari Hrishikesh

Engineering

The study showed that a significant fraction of coliform bacteria survive for more than six months in soil at different temperatures and moisture contents. Survivability of coliform bacteria at subzero temperatures decreased with an increase in moisture content and with an increase in temperature. Total coliform bacteria in soil samples placed outdoors during winter had lower survivability in comparison to samples placed at controlled temperatures below O⁰c. High survivability of total coliform bacteria at controlled, subzero temperatures was assumed to be related to the reduced metabolic activities of the bacteria.

Neuroprotection In Hippocampal Slices From The Hibernating Species Arctic Ground Squirrel, Spermophilus Parryii, Austin Pfeiffer Ross

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the U.S. and the leading cause of adult onset disability worldwide. Despite tremendous efforts to find therapeutics, only one currently approved treatment for stroke exists which is indicated for use in less than 5% of stroke victims. During a stroke, the brain experiences oxygen and nutrient deprivation due to lack of blood flow (i.e., ischemia) and tissue destruction ensues. Hibernating Arctic ground squirrels (AGS), Spermophilus parryii, are able to survive profound decreases in blood flow and cerebral perfusion during torpor, and return of blood flow (i.e., reperfusion) during intermittent euthermic periods …

The Genome Of A Saxitoxin-Producing Cyanobacterium, Andrew Lee Krohn

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Saxitoxin, the causative agent of paralytic shellfish poisoning, is produced by dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria, the latter being a far simpler organism at the genomic level. In order to establish a baseline for future research into saxitoxin biosynthesis, we sought to determine the genomic complexity of the saxitoxin-producing cyanobacterium, Anabaena circinalis strain ACBU02, relative to the published genome of its non-toxic analogue, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Total conservation of genomic organization was represented in less than 10 percent of end-sequenced DNA clones from restriction digestion libraries. Ninety percent of sequences contained highly homologous regions indicating a high degree of conservation among …

Heavy Metal Tissue Distributions In Southwestern Alaskan Waterfowl: Total Mercury Assays From Muscle, Brain, And Bone, Roger F. Rothschild

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Food containing mercury has been identified as a possible health risk. Total mercury (THg), which is inorganic (Hg²), and methylmercury (MeHg) species, has been found in the arctic food web. In Alaska, birds are an important seasonal component of the diet, but have not been studied extensively and characterized for the presence of mercury. Birds are good subjects for examination because they feed at different trophic levels, can be long-lived, and are both abundant and widely distributed. Not only can birds monitor local Alaskan food webs, but, if they are migratory, can be used to compare exposure in different regions. …

The Spinnaker Vol. 29 No. 2, University Of North Florida

Spinnaker

Student newspaper for the UNF community

Grace: A Contrastive Analysis Of A Biblical Semantic Field, Mary K. Bolin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Faculty Publications

Master's Thesis, University of Idaho, 1999. This thesis is a contrastive analysis of a semantic field, a group of words with related but not identical meanings that all describe or pertain to one domain or semantic area. The semantic field grace is compared in English, German, Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. The source of the data is selected books from the Bible, both the Old Testament (OT) and the New Testament (NT). The English words include grace, mercy, kindness, favor, compassion, and pity, as well as lovingkindness, goodness, and thanks. Data was compiled by beginning with the words grace and mercy …

Imagining Ityoppia: Ethiopian Diaspora And Rastafarianism, Esther Sellassie Antohin

Anthropology

On a very general level, this thesis explores why Ethiopians and Rastafarians - who share Ityoppi, as a general point of reference - have historically been at odds. More specifically, however, I am interested in whether the rather recent emergence of Ethiopian communities in the United States - which share experiences of diaspora and processes of "imagining from afar" with Rastafarians - has resulted in a change of Ethiopian Americans' attitude toward adherents to Rastafarianism. The main aim of this study is to give an accurate account of the Ethiopian perspective of Rastafari, which has not been articulated till the …

Natural Resource News, Vol. 05, No. 2 (August 2005), N/A N/A

Natural Resource News

No abstract provided.

Monitoring Stress Hormones In Rehabilitated And Captive Otariids, Lisa Petrauskas

Marine Biology

Cortisol and corticosterone are the primary mammalian stress hormones released in response to a perceived stressor. Cortisol is rapidly metabolized in the blood, while corticosterone is the dominant product in fecal material. Radioimmunoassay procedures to measure fecal corticosterone and serum cortisol in California sea lions were validated, and adrenal response to surgical and non-surgical procedures was assessed. Other objectives included seasonal and behavioral variability in fecal corticosterone concentrations in captive Steller sea lions, as well as adrenal response to various stressors of a rehabilitated Steller sea lion. There was a significant (P ... 0.05) adrenal response for rehabilitated California sea …

Metabolic Hormone Levels And Immunocompetence Of Neonatal Harbor Seals (Phoca Vitulina) In Rehabilitation Settings Compared To Wild Harbor Seal Pups, Danielle Renee O'Neil

Marine Biology

Health of harbor seal pups in rehabilitation and in the wild were compared using two metabolic hormones (cortisol and total thyroxine, TT4), two cellular immunity components (lymphocytes and eosinophils) and morphometric measurements. Neonatal harbor seals in two rehabilitation facilities were compared to wild harbor seal pups. Permanently captive harbor seals housed at the Alaska SeaLife Center were also studied. High levels of cortisol at weaning suggest changes in the stress response may be due to diet adjustments in pups during rehabilitation. The lower cortisol concentrations post-weaning suggest that pups in rehabilitation had overcome the challenge of pre-weaning diet, handling or …

Fatigue Resistance Of Rat Extraocular Muscles Does Not Depend On Creatine Kinase Activity, Colleen A. Mcmullen, Katrin Hayeß, Francisco H. Andrade

Physiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Creatine kinase (CK) links phosphocreatine, an energy storage system, to cellular ATPases. CK activity serves as a temporal and spatial buffer for ATP content, particularly in fast-twitch skeletal muscles. The extraocular muscles are notoriously fast and active, suggesting the need for efficient ATP buffering. This study tested the hypotheses that (1) CK isoform expression and activity in rat extraocular muscles would be higher, and (2) the resistance of these muscles to fatigue would depend on CK activity.

RESULTS: We found that mRNA and protein levels for cytosolic and mitochondrial CK isoforms were lower in the extraocular muscles than in …

Purification And Scale-Up Of A Recombinant Heavy Chain Fragment C Of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype E In Pichia Pastoris Gs115, Michael P. Dux, Rick Barent, Jayanta Sinha, Mark Gouthro, Todd Swanson, Ardis Barthuli, Mehmet İnan, John T. Ross, Leonard A. Smith, Theresa J. Smith, Robert Webb, Bonnie Loveless, Ian Henderson, Michael M. Meagher

Papers in Biochemical Engineering

A recombinant C-terminus heavy chain fragment from Botulinum neurotoxin serotype E (BoNT/E) is proposed as a vaccine against the serotype E neurotoxin. This fragment, rBoNTE(Hc), was produced intracellular in Pichia pastoris GS115 by a three-step fermentation process, i.e., glycerol batch phase and a glycerol fed-batch phase to achieve high cell densities, followed by a methanol fed-batch induction phase. The rBoNTE(Hc) protein was purified from the soluble fraction of cell lysates using three ion-exchange chromatography steps (SP Sepharose Fast Flow, Q Sepharose Fast Flow, Sp Sepharose High Performance) and polished with a hydrophobic charge induction chromatography step (MEP HyperCel). Method development …

Trophic Relationships In An Arctic Marine Foodweb And Implications For Trace Element Dynamics, Larissa-A Dehn

Biological Sciences

Tissues of subsistence-harvested Arctic marine and terrestrial mammals and potential prey species were analyzed for isotopes of carbon and nitrogen and selected trace elements describing contaminant pathways in the food web. Feeding habits of ice seals were characterized using stable isotopes and gastric contents analysis. Bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) relied on the benthic food chain. Zooplankton and fishes were significant prey for ringed seals (Phoca hispida), while fishes were the principal prey in spotted seals (Phoca largha). Gastric prey composition and isotope ratios varied with age and sex. Effects of age, trophic level, and prey prevalence on trace element concentrations …

Daily Heterogeneity In Habitat Selection By The Porcupine Caribou Herd During Calving, Rachel Rands Jones

Biological Sciences

Caribou exhibit scale-dependent habitat selection, but variance in daily habitat selection by the Porcupine Caribou Herd (PCH) has not been examined. Investigating temporal variance in habitat selection may clarify the time period when managers may accurately estimate calving-related habitat selection. Annually, 1992-1994, approximately 70 calves were radio-collared within 2 days of birth and relocated daily until departing the calving grounds. We used daily 99% fixed kernel utilization distributions (UD's) to estimate caribou distributions, then estimated daily habitat selection using logistic regression. Habitat variables included relative vegetation greenness, greening rate, landcover class, and elevation. Spatial scales of investigation included concentrated vs. …