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2004

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Design And Morals In The Globalized Context., Robert Nelson Nov 2004

Design And Morals In The Globalized Context., Robert Nelson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper sets out to: • describe globalization in the context of product design, visual communication and multimedia; • describe the elements of design that matter in a moral sense and those that do not; • assess the vulnerability of design to pressure to become a promotional organ of global vanity; • explain the reluctance of authors to adopt a critical stance with regard to the vanity of many products; • identify the problems besetting design discourse, which cause it to be largely mute in the evaluation of design in the context of cultural life; and, • investigate the methodological …

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Notions Of Practice: Design As Facilitation For Interactive Social Systems., Penny Hagen Nov 2004

Notions Of Practice: Design As Facilitation For Interactive Social Systems., Penny Hagen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper introduces the notion of ‘design as facilitation’ identifying some of the places it features in current research, and how it informs design of interactive social systems, such as multi-user communication technologies. This research is motivated by the shift in focus from the technical to the social in technology. A parallel shift in the notion of design practice is suggested in the move to understand interactive systems in relation to users as seen in design theory and interaction design research and methodology (Dourish 2001), (Preece et al 2002), (Winograd 1997). By examining the commonalities that exist in four different …

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Driving Experience And The Effect Of Challenging Interactions In High Traffic Context., Rafael Gomez, Vesna Popovic, Sam Bucolo Nov 2004

Driving Experience And The Effect Of Challenging Interactions In High Traffic Context., Rafael Gomez, Vesna Popovic, Sam Bucolo

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper focuses on exploring the emotional experience of driving and aims to identify some of the aspects that may influence this experience. The paper presents an exploratory study focusing on the driver’s experience during interaction with the vehicle interface while driving. The study is based on a data triangulation approach including interviews, observation, and think-aloud protocol. Preliminary analysis of the study provided encouraging indicative findings, identifying aspects of design that enhance and/or detract from the driving experience. Previous analysis suggests that context and situation have a dominant impact on the driving experience. Further analysis has shown that challenges with …

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Reading Digital Clones In The Conservation Process., Matthew Cooke Nov 2004

Reading Digital Clones In The Conservation Process., Matthew Cooke

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper explores notions of ‘the virtual facsimile’, the copy and representation at a practice-oriented level and discusses them with relation to notions of ‘tracking’, ‘recording’ and ‘annotating’ design and design history through digital means. It begins by asking the question: if previsualisation software packages are useful in the representation phase of a construction project, how useful are they as markers and postvisualisation tools for pre-existing structures? Indeed, once modelled, how far departed from the original is the facsimile? Is it possible to extend the usefulness of these tools to include the representation of that which is already built and …

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Practical Uses Of Nanotechnology To Accelerate Design Innovation., Lyndon Anderson, Cameron Jones Nov 2004

Practical Uses Of Nanotechnology To Accelerate Design Innovation., Lyndon Anderson, Cameron Jones

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Nanotechnology promises a natural method to accelerate the complex task of innovation for many design problems by exploiting self-assembly and quantum processing at extreme scales of miniaturization. With this objective, a range of hybrid computer devices that use biological cells or chemical thin-films have been built to take advantage of nanoscale information processing. These devices are termed molecular computers and function by manipulating input sets of digital schematics or images stored to Compact Disc optical media. Light transmission through cells or chemical thin-films is a highly nonlinear phenomenon, and causes digital information to replicate with itself. This means that well-defined …

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Many Worlds Ethics., Michael Linzey Nov 2004

Many Worlds Ethics., Michael Linzey

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Storrs McCall proposes a model of the universe in which the future is understood to branch into many worlds. The future is thus radically different than the past. This model provides a most useable platform for addressing a diversity of theoretical and practical problems in relation to architectural ethics. The paper discusses one dimension of this: the design ethics of Daniel Libeskind’s scheme for the reconstruction of New York Ground Zero. In post-Enlightenment ethics, Hume’s law asserts that there is no deductive relation between whatever “is” in the real world and whatever other things and conditions “ought” to be in …

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Construction Of Basic Shape With Character Lines For Car Body Design By Image Language (Kansei Language)., Hideki Aoyama, Shigeto Miyauchi, Yoshihisa Sakai Nov 2004

Construction Of Basic Shape With Character Lines For Car Body Design By Image Language (Kansei Language)., Hideki Aoyama, Shigeto Miyauchi, Yoshihisa Sakai

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Over the recent years, consumer demands are growing increasingly stronger not only for sophisticated functions but also sophisticated designs in industrial products. For this reason, free-form surfaces are increasingly used in the drawing of the shapes of industrial products to improve product design, making the designer's role increasingly important. Though conventional CAD systems boast high performance as shape representation and description tools after deciding the shape, they lack the capability of expressing the designer's aesthetic taste and sense. The development of a CAD system with sophisticated form design functions is therefore required. The purpose of this research is to develop …

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The Importance Of Industrial Design For Small Wood Manufacturing Companies - An Analysis From The Manufacturers' Perspective., Kajsa Ekberg Nov 2004

The Importance Of Industrial Design For Small Wood Manufacturing Companies - An Analysis From The Manufacturers' Perspective., Kajsa Ekberg

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Although industrial design use in small companies has been discussed more frequently in the literature in the past few years, very little research has been specifically done on the wood industry. This article presents a study of design use in small wood manufacturing companies in the northeast region of Sweden. Qualitative empirical data was collected from nine wood manufacturing companies using a structured questionnaire combined with a series of semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that industrial design is important for increasing competitiveness in small wood manufacturing companies. The firms that had invested in design found that it was of vital …

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Digital Illustration And Litigation: Anticipating The Implication Of Digital Imaging Within The Architectural Profession., John Stabb Nov 2004

Digital Illustration And Litigation: Anticipating The Implication Of Digital Imaging Within The Architectural Profession., John Stabb

DRS Biennial Conference Series

As the capacity of the digital medium expands so the potential for creative design increases. Yet, while the rigid and artificial effects of traditional presentation techniques, such as photo-montages and early solid models, provided a degree of ambiguity regarding the final outcome of the project, the almost seductive power of the hyper-real is beginning to narrow the gap on the licence of interpretation. Consequentially the credibility and ethics of the image may start to come into question if the integrity of the architecture as built fails to meet the expectations, which the image inspired in the first place. By addressing …

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Disciplining Creativity: Neoliberalism And Design Education In New Zealand., Amanda Bill Nov 2004

Disciplining Creativity: Neoliberalism And Design Education In New Zealand., Amanda Bill

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Two decades of educational reform in New Zealand have resulted in one of the most market-oriented regimes of higher education in the OECD. In this environment, enrolments in design and other creative degree courses that seem to provide an opportunity for individual expression and self-development have greatly increased. However, representatives of traditional industry sectors complain that there are hardly any jobs for these graduates, and little in the way of career paths. The situation thus seems to confound human capital approaches to education policy, in which tactics such as high fees and student loans are meant to exert a conservative …

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A Study On Japanese Traditional Sweets Wrapped In Natural Materials: The Relationship Between Japanese Contemporary Package Design And The Japanese Wrapping Culture., Karen Meiko Nawa, Shinnichi Ishimura Nov 2004

A Study On Japanese Traditional Sweets Wrapped In Natural Materials: The Relationship Between Japanese Contemporary Package Design And The Japanese Wrapping Culture., Karen Meiko Nawa, Shinnichi Ishimura

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Focusing particularly in packages that used either bamboo sheathes or bamboo leaves as wrappings, the purpose of this research is to investigate the actual condition of traditional package design in Japan, taking contemporary Japanese sweets wrapped in natural materials as the study’s subject. Both of the mentioned above can be folded in various ways and possess optimal properties as wrapping materials. Supported by literature materials, the method consisted of a field survey, sample collection and data analysis. The field survey was focused on the southernmost Kyushu Island’s Fukuoka Prefecture and some of the samples were collected in the main Honshu …

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Vessels Of Expression And Flows Of Innovation: Some Reflections On The Relationship Between Toilet Design And Building Design., Andrew Martel, Paolo Tombesi Nov 2004

Vessels Of Expression And Flows Of Innovation: Some Reflections On The Relationship Between Toilet Design And Building Design., Andrew Martel, Paolo Tombesi

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The unpredictable nature of manufacturing products from vitreous china results in the sanity ware industry employing a prototype-based, trial-and-error process for the development of its product lines. These technological circumstances present opportunities to use project specific or one-off designs to develop innovations that may then flow back into the industry at large. Such developments may take one of two forms: (1) stylistic, aesthetic based innovation aimed at integrating the sanity ware into the style of the building project, and (2) architecture-autonomous technological innovation, not dependent on specific projects for stimulus and more on the manufacturers’ ongoing in-house developments and industry …

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A New Approach To Mobile Interaction: Development Of Camera Based Input Method., Jae Hyung Byun, Myung Suk Kim Nov 2004

A New Approach To Mobile Interaction: Development Of Camera Based Input Method., Jae Hyung Byun, Myung Suk Kim

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Mobile devices such as mobile phone or PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) are considered as main interface tools in ubiquitous computing environment. Mobile devices will be used as portable terminals for exchanging information with surrounding computers. For searching information in mobile device, it should be possible for user to input some text including special characters or strings as well as to control cursor for navigation. So, we should find efficient interface method for text input in limited dimension of mobile devices. This study intends to suggest a new approach to mobile interaction using camera based virtual keyboard for text input in …

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Beyond Desktop Usability: Web Site Usability And Its Evaluation., Stephen Ar Scrivener, Chao-Yang Yang, Andrée Woodcock Nov 2004

Beyond Desktop Usability: Web Site Usability And Its Evaluation., Stephen Ar Scrivener, Chao-Yang Yang, Andrée Woodcock

DRS Biennial Conference Series

An Internet questionnaire survey was conducted in order to explore whether web users’ and web designers’ conceptions of usability differ, and whether these conceptions are encompassed within conventional HCI usability. The primary results of the survey were that: 1 The users and designers had different viewpoints. For example, the users wanted web sites that provide diverse functions and information, whereas the designers thought web sites should be designed thematically. Similarly, the users valued information content over visual design, the designers vice versa. 2 Usability goals, such as stickiness (i.e., a web site’s ability to engender user attachment to it), attractiveness …

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Commercialization Of New Materials In Consumer Goods., Ilse Van Kesteren, P V Kandachar Nov 2004

Commercialization Of New Materials In Consumer Goods., Ilse Van Kesteren, P V Kandachar

DRS Biennial Conference Series

New materials try to find their way into consumer goods, but not all do so with the same speed and success as revealed by this study on the development and application history of plastics. Three major actors can influence this commercialization process of new materials: material technologists, industrial design engineers and consumers. They can actively influence this process in some cases, but not in all cases. The factors affecting the commercialization process of plastics in the past have been analyzed to formulate recommendations for future generations of materials. Cooperation between material technologists and designers is considered as an important factor …

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Design For Uncertainty., Dirk Pons Nov 2004

Design For Uncertainty., Dirk Pons

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The development of engineering systems, whether those systems be products, plant or services, is a complex activity. The systems themselves are becoming more rather than less complex. Partly this arises from the need to optimise multiple system attributes including function, cost, resource usage, and style, among others. Also, most significant engineering projects involve diverse activities (including design, risk assessment, decision making, construction, and ongoing operation), and these invariably require teams of people with different skills. In turn that diversity requires effective management and leadership. Furthermore, the addition of electronic functionality and active control systems adds functionality but also introduces complex …

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The System Around The Product: Methodologies And Experiences Focusing On Material And Immaterial Aspects In Design Solutions., Nicola Morelli Nov 2004

The System Around The Product: Methodologies And Experiences Focusing On Material And Immaterial Aspects In Design Solutions., Nicola Morelli

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The design discipline has traditionally focused on products physical aspects, giving for granted that the context of services, infrastructures and technology will support the product life. A systemic perspective would revise such a focus, in order to project design competences over systemic aspects usually neglected by designers. This perspective shift is a challenge for designers, who have very efficient methods and tools to handle physical aspects of product design, but need to define an ‘operative paradigm’ to operate in a systemic context. An operative paradigm consists of a set of tools and methods to handle immaterial aspects such as time …

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The Influence Of Communication Environment To The Brainstorming Practice., Yi-Han Hu, Chi-Hsien Hsu, Chun-Di Chen Nov 2004

The Influence Of Communication Environment To The Brainstorming Practice., Yi-Han Hu, Chi-Hsien Hsu, Chun-Di Chen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Team work is not new for an organization to enhance the quality and quantity of the answer against the problem [1]. Increasingly, the completion of design work needs group’s effort, leading the request of communication tools to reduce the cost and time for traveling to place the face-to-face discussion. Many studies have devoted to the field using computer-mediated communication tools to support cooperative design work. On the other hand, the utilization of brainstorming in producing many ideas has been recognized. The pervasive usage of telecommunication tools and brainstorming in design work prompts an interest about how brainstorming is conducted over …

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Environ-Mental., Bev Lamey, Carol Bristow Nov 2004

Environ-Mental., Bev Lamey, Carol Bristow

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Loony Bins and madhouses; does the environment contribute to the wellbeing of mental health patients (clients)? Have the large Victorian asylums, where patients were hidden from public view, disappeared? Evidence suggests otherwise. People struggling with the distress and disruptive consequences of mental illness, are still kept in oppressive, unsympathetic environments. Research into patient focussed design and architecture has concentrated on physical health care environments and ignored psychiatric health care. As a result many psychiatric patients are still housed (and locked up) in former asylums with their outdated facilities and arrangements. The "Environ-mental" project and SEED is about design for wellbeing …

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The Abandoned Center: The Impact Of Complexity And Scale On Organizational Systems; Making The Case For A Design Approach., Harold Nelson, Erik Stolterman Nov 2004

The Abandoned Center: The Impact Of Complexity And Scale On Organizational Systems; Making The Case For A Design Approach., Harold Nelson, Erik Stolterman

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Businesses, governmental agencies and other large organizations face an intense challenge in today’s world. As these organizations become larger and more complex they often loose the focal point of their work—their center of gravity. Leaders, managers and administrators are unable to control the operations of the organization because specialization and diversification have created an abandoned center at the heart of their system. The challenge is to find a strategic approach for replacing the abandoned center with a whole center. In this paper we present three strategies for doing this, two of which are primarily based on reductionistic science and one …

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A Differential Study On The Influence Of Prior Experience And Visual Stimuli In Idea Generation With Analogy Method., Ku Feng Yen, Tze Hsun Wang, Kai Ming Liu, Chun Di Chen Nov 2004

A Differential Study On The Influence Of Prior Experience And Visual Stimuli In Idea Generation With Analogy Method., Ku Feng Yen, Tze Hsun Wang, Kai Ming Liu, Chun Di Chen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

One of the purposes of design education is to teach designers to employ their prior knowledge and experience to solve problems encountered in the design process, thus making the process more efficient. Design techniques, however, are to improve on design ability through simple and easy learning rules in design education. This study targets the most challenging phase in the design process, idea generation and modification, by emphasizing association and analogical deduction method. Contemporary contributions in the literature on design methods mostly favour descriptions of implementation manners, contents, procedures, and advantages or disadvantages; few rely upon actual design tasks to illustrate …

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User Preferences For Personalities Of Entertainment Robots According To The Users' Psychological Types., Sona Kwak, Myung-Suk Kim Nov 2004

User Preferences For Personalities Of Entertainment Robots According To The Users' Psychological Types., Sona Kwak, Myung-Suk Kim

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a design process for constructing personality of an entertainment robot based on psychological types, and investigate user preferences for robot personalities according to the users’ psychological types. In this study, four temperaments derived from 16 personality types in a psychological type indicator, MBTI (Myers Briggs Type Indicator), were applied to design the personality of an entertainment robot. The case study and experiment yielded several results. First, the major experimenters match reactions with robot temperaments. From this result, we could see that robot temperaments are useful guidelines to design the entertainment robot’s personality. …

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Applying Image Descriptors To The Legibility Assessment Of English Alphabets And Words., Dengchuan Cai, Manlai You, Chia-Fen Chi Nov 2004

Applying Image Descriptors To The Legibility Assessment Of English Alphabets And Words., Dengchuan Cai, Manlai You, Chia-Fen Chi

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Two studies were conducted to test the legibility of the English alphabets and words. The first study aims to test the impact of character width on legibility of English alphabets. The second study extended the legibility test of the English alphabet to the words. Sixteen university students participated in the two experiments to discriminate the English alphabets and words initially displayed on a PC screen at its minimum size and enlarged gradually until the participant could recognize it. The results showed that all main effects of type styles, character height, and character width were significant in the legibility test of …

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An Exploratory Study Of Managing A Design Project., Chung-Hung Lin, Yu Lin Hsu Nov 2004

An Exploratory Study Of Managing A Design Project., Chung-Hung Lin, Yu Lin Hsu

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Managing a design project arguably needs a simplest organizational structure. There are established methods and procedures on which to base a suitable structure for managing design projects. Project management tends to deal not only with a process or system in carrying out a particular task (e.g. a military project) but also entails the crossing of functional and organizational boundaries to achieve higher levels of performance and productivity. In this research, the concern of project management is to use management skills in coordinating design activities with other tasks in the organization, ensuring the provision of comprehensive design activities being given a …

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The Role Of Occupational Communities In The Transmission And Embedding Of Design Innovation: A Conceptual Framework., Philippa Ashton Nov 2004

The Role Of Occupational Communities In The Transmission And Embedding Of Design Innovation: A Conceptual Framework., Philippa Ashton

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper will explore social relationships as essential to the ability of organisations and the occupational communities within which they sit, to acquire and embed design innovation. The tacit qualities of design mean that social contact is required to enable the transmission and embedding of design innovation. The paper is focussed on selected literature that investigates this concept and commonly cited features and mechanisms for innovation and design knowledge transfer, are then built into a conceptual model applicable to design communities. The topic has particular relevance because of the growth of many publicly funded initiatives in the UK which attempt …

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The Use Of Prototypes In Pre-Development Activities., Chris Conley Nov 2004

The Use Of Prototypes In Pre-Development Activities., Chris Conley

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Prototypes are commonly used in design and development activities to help understand aspects of an emerging design before it is complete. The use of prototypes before development begins, however, is essentially non-existent. Why is this so? Are prototypes simply a method for those who design and develop tangible artefacts? In spite of their wide spread use and reports of beneficial impact, there is surprisingly little theory or principles of prototyping. This lack of prototyping theory and principles may be one reason prototypes are not considered for use in a wider variety of situations such as strategy development or product planning. …

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Identification Of Graphic Character Influenced By The Design Of Characteristic Features., Regina Wang, Ting Chien Lin Nov 2004

Identification Of Graphic Character Influenced By The Design Of Characteristic Features., Regina Wang, Ting Chien Lin

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Graphic design of character has been included one of the main factors in corporate identity system. It makes people to create an interactive connection of emotions in addition to enhance brand loyalty though its gratifying appearance. The characteristic feature performs the important role during the graphic character is being designed. It is able to create clear memory and impression for observers if the features of character were illustrated. The core of the investigation is to clarify the characteristic features demanded in identifying a character and to find out the importance of them. It is found that at least five characteristics …

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Methods For Experience Design: The Experience Design Framework., John Knight, Marie Jefsioutine Nov 2004

Methods For Experience Design: The Experience Design Framework., John Knight, Marie Jefsioutine

DRS Biennial Conference Series

User-Lab provides user centred design services and carries out academic research. This paper describes the development of the Experience Design Framework (EDF) resulting from the interaction between the Lab’s academic and commercial activities. The authors identified a range of negative attitudes to usability suggesting many practitioners did not perceive methods as relevant or useful. The EDF evolved out of an attempt to find methods that were more sympathetic to the concerns and needs of designers and business. The EDF broadens the focus of methods from usability to include accessibility, engagability and benefit. It is based on the idea that this …

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The Role Of Designer-Client Communication In Determining Product Appearance., Nathan Crilly, James Moultrie, P John Clarkson Nov 2004

The Role Of Designer-Client Communication In Determining Product Appearance., Nathan Crilly, James Moultrie, P John Clarkson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper reports on a series of interviews with practising industrial design consultants. The difficulties they encounter in communicating with clients on the subject of product appearance are discussed. The effects on the design process, manufacture and subsequent marketing of the product are explored. A preliminary tool is presented for communicating on the subject of consumer response to product appearance. Designers’ views on how this might assist in communicating with their clients are discussed. In closing the paper, suggestions for possible future work are presented and conclusions are drawn.

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User And Usability Requirements In Work Vehicle Cabin Design., Katarina Patt Nov 2004

User And Usability Requirements In Work Vehicle Cabin Design., Katarina Patt

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The objective of this study is to identify user and usability requirements in the user interface of work vehicle cabin design, especially in drill rigs and harvesters. User and usability requirements are inevitable in order to design the user interface of a work vehicle cabin that satisfies the end user so that smooth and efficient operating is possible. The theoretical part of the study takes an approach on user centred design and development, in which the concept of usability, user requirements, usability requirements and users of work vehicles are discussed. The empirical part of the study consists of eight qualitative …

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