Digital Commons Network^™

Measurements Of Fitness And Competition In Commensal Escherichia Coli And E. Coli O157:H7 Strains, Lisa M. Durso, David R. Smith, Robert W. Hutkins

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Although the main reservoirs for pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 are cattle and the cattle environment, factors that affect its tenure in the bovine host and its survival outside humans and cattle have not been well studied. It is also not understood what physiological properties, if any, distinguish these pathogens from commensal counterparts that live as normal members of the human and bovine gastrointestinal tracts. To address these questions, individual and competitive fitness experiments, indirect antagonism assays, and antibiotic resistance and carbon utilization analyses were conducted using a strain set consisting of 122 commensal and pathogenic strains. The individual fitness experiments, …

Identification Of Common Subpopulations Of Non-Sorbitol-Fermenting, Β-Glucuronidase-Negative Escherichia Coli O157:H7 From Bovine Production Environments And Human Clinical Samples, Zhijie Yang, Joy Kovar, Jaehyoung Kim, Joseph Nietfeldt, David R. Smith, Rodney A. Moxley, Michael E. Olson, Paul D. Fey, Andrew K. Benson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Non-sorbitol-fermenting, β-glucuronidase-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains are regarded as a clone complex, and populations from different geographical locations are believed to share a recent common ancestor. Despite their relatedness, high-resolution genotyping methods can detect significant genome variation among different populations. Phylogenetic analysis of high-resolution genotyping data from these strains has shown that subpopulations from geographically unlinked continents can be divided into two primary phylogenetic lineages, termed lineage I and lineage II, and limited studies of the distribution of these lineages suggest there could be differences in their propensity to cause disease in humans or to be transmitted to humans. Because …

Estimation Of Genetically Effective Breeding Numbers Using A Rejection Algorithm Approach, Uma Ramakrishnan, Jay F. Storz, Barbara L. Taylor, Russell Lande

Jay F. Storz Publications

Polygynous mating results in nonrandom sampling of the adult male gamete pool in each generation, thereby increasing the rate of genetic drift. In principle, genetic paternity analysis can be used to infer the effective number of breeding males (N_ebm). However, this requires genetic data from an exhaustive sample of candidate males. Here we describe a new approach to estimate N_ebm using a rejection algorithm in association with three statistics: Euclidean distance between the frequency distributions of maternally and paternally inherited alleles, average number of paternally inherited alleles and average gene diversity of paternally inherited alleles. We quantify …

Role Of Tuberculosis Laboratories In Saudi Arabia. A Call To Implement Standardized Procedures, Sahal A. Al-Hajoj, Fahad A. Alrabiah

Saudi Medical Journal

There is no doubt that the laboratory is the backbone for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Only through testing in the laboratory can the physician confirm suspicion of TB despite any previous clinical and x-ray findings. Recent visits to several laboratories in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia showed that some need considerable improvement. Unless there are standardized procedures to diagnose TB, and safety measures are implemented in all laboratories, it will be impossible to diagnose accurately and control TB. The laboratories should be redesigned to conform to international TB Diagnostic Centers, with well trained staff and proper safety procedures.

Seroprevalence Of Bartonella Henselae And Bartonella Quintana Infections In Children From Central And Northern Jordan, Ahmad M. Al-Majali, Khaled M. Al-Qudah

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of antibodies to Bartonella henselae (B.henselae) and Bartonella quintana (B.quintana) among children from central and northern Jordan. METHODS: Sera from 482 children were randomly collected from referenced governmental hospitals in the central and northern parts of Jordan during the period between January 2001 to March 2003. An indirect immunofluorescent assay was used to determine serum antibody titers to B.henselae and B.quintana. Sera that were reactive at a dilution >/-1:64 were considered positive. In addition, blood from 20 cats belonged to children with high B.henselae titers were tested using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Out of the …

Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis Caused By Dirofilaria Repens, Rajan Chopra, Bodh R. Panhotra, Yusef Al-Marzooq, Abdul-Rahman Al-Mulhim

Saudi Medical Journal

Human dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens D. repens is a common zoonosis in the Mediterranean countries and parts of South Asia. During the last decade, it has been reported from countries previously considered non-endemic. This is likely due to the increased awareness regarding Dirofilaria infection. In some such cases however, dirofilariasis correlated with the travel of the patient to the endemic areas. We present the case of a Saudi male who had D. repens infection in the subcutaneous tissues of the forearm. The patient had traveled to Iraq, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Kuwait in the last 2 years. However, …

Primary Ovarian Hydatid Disease In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, Onnuola A. Adewunmi, Hoogar M. Basilingappa

Saudi Medical Journal

Human hydatid disease is caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Its distribution is world wide and it affects mainly the liver, but other organs could be involved. Primary involvement of pelvic organs is very rare. This is a case report of primary ovarian hydatid disease in a postmenopausal woman, diagnosed postoperatively. Surgical excision was adequate. Ultrasonography, particularly high frequency trans-vaginal, computed tomography scan and, more recently, magnetic resonance imaging are more frequently used in the diagnosis of Echinococcus cyst. They appear more reliable than many of the old tests of varying sensitivities. Whereas, there are anecdotal reports of obstetric and gynecological manifestations …

Do We Need Blood Transfusion In Elective Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair, Abdullah M. Al-Wahbi, Mohammed Al-Omran, Loris Aro, F. Michael Ameli

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Islamic Rulings On Warfare, Sherifa D. Zuhur Dr., Youssef H. Aboul-Enein Ltcdr

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The global war on terror (GWOT) and the battles with specific Islamist groups is, to some degree, a war of ideas. With a better understanding of Islamic concepts of war, peace, and Muslim relations with non-Muslims, those fighting the GWOT may gain support and increase their efficacy. The authors explain the principles of jihad and war and their conduct as found in key Islamic texts, the controversies that have emerged from the Quranic verses of war and peace, and the conflict between liberal or moderate Islamic voices and the extremists on matters such as the definition of combatants, treatment of …

Litigated Learning And The Limits Of Law, Michael Heise

Vanderbilt Law Review

The fiftieth anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education' certainly warrants well-deserved celebration, but not one that deflects careful analysis of its legacy. Brown's legacy and what it says about the efficacy of litigation as a vehicle to achieve social change mean different things to different people. Perspectives on what Brown "means" and what it has accomplished vary tremendously and reveal just as much about ourselves as they do about the decision itself. This ambiguity invariably muddles Brown's legacy.

I argue that Brown's legacy does not bode well for future litigation efforts seeking to enhance the equal educational opportunity doctrine, …

Eradicating Footrot From Western Australia - A Farmer's Guide, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Agriculture reports

Virulent footrot can occur on any farm in the medium to high rainfall zone. Persons who regularly buy and sell sheep take a greater risk, but even properties with a closed breeding flock are at risk from stray sheep. People often associate footrot with properties managed by inefficient farmers. This is a false belief. Many good farmers have found the disease in their sheep, including high profile studs. Footrot can strike anywhere and often without warning. It is important to remember that once it is found; getting to know and understand the disease will help you to beat it. A …

Mustang Daily, November 1, 2004

Cal Poly Student Newspaper

Student newspaper of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA.

Relaxation To Native Conformation Of A Bond-Fluctuating Protein Chain With Hydrophobic And Polar Nodes, Johan Bjursell, Ras B. Pandey

Faculty Publications

The conformation and dynamics of a protein chain with hydrophobic and polar nodes are examined by the bond-fluctuation model using Monte Carlo simulations on a cubic lattice. The minimal (nearest neighbor) interaction leads to standard (self-avoiding walk) conformation, i.e., the scaling of the radius of gyration R_g with the molecular weight N R_g ∝ N^γ with γ ≃ 3/5/ Specific interactions with longer range and higher strength are needed to approach the native globular conformations with γ < 3/5. Relaxation into the globular ground state shows a weak power-law decay, i.e., R_g ∝ t^-α, α ~ 0.06-0.12.

Law, Evolution, And The Brain: Applications And Open Questions, Owen D. Jones

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

This essay discusses several issues at the intersection of law and brain science. If focuses principally on ways in which an improved understanding of how evolutionary processes affect brain function and human behavior may improve law's ability to regulate behavior. It explores sample uses of such "evolutionary analysis in law" and also raises questions about how that analysis might be improved in the future. Among the discussed uses are: 1) clarifying cost-benefit analyses; 2) providing theoretical foundation and potential predictive power; 3) assessing comparative effectiveness of legal strategies; and 4) revealing deep patterns in legal architecture. Throughout, the essay emphasizes …

Judicial Review Of Agency Inaction: An Arbitrariness Approach, Lisa Schultz Bressman

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

This Article contends that the current law governing judicial review of agency inaction, though consistent with the prevailing theory of agency legitimacy, is inconsistent with the founding principles of the administrative state. The Supreme Court's reluctance to allow judicial review of agency inaction reflects the popular view that agency decision-making should be subject foremost to the scrutiny of politically accountable officials. The difficulty is that even scholars who generally support this view of agency decision-making reject the Court's treatment of agency inaction. Yet these scholars have failed to appreciate the reason. The reason is that the founding principles of the …

The Autonomy Of Church And State, Brett G. Scharffs

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Merger Of Religious And Public Hospitals: Render Unto Ceaser, Arthur B. Lafrance

Seattle Journal for Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Ethics2: The Ethics Of Bioethics In The Biotechnology Industry, Annette E. Clark

Seattle Journal for Social Justice

No abstract provided.

A Corporate Ethic Of 'Care' In Health Care, Mark A. Hall

Seattle Journal for Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Drug Law Enforcement In Crisis: Cops On Steroids, Philip J. Sweitzer

DePaul Journal of Sports Law

No abstract provided.

Hold On Tighter/Let Go Sooner: A Review Of Free Culture And An Argument For The Synthesis Of Public Domain Preservation And Moral Rights Adoption, Christopher Madden

DePaul Journal of Art, Technology & Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.

Do Punitive Damages Compensate Society?, Michael B. Kelly

San Diego Law Review

This Article focuses on the concept that punitive damages can be justified as a substitute for compensatory damages for harms caused by the defendant to persons other than the plaintiff. The author concludes that punitive damages are a poor device for redressing harms caused to persons not a party to the action. Once punitive damages seek to address concerns beyond the plaintiff and the defendant, they raise a series of problems that defy rationalization. This article urges that we not take punitive damages as so great a good that we run roughshod over dues process in our zeal to preserve …

Reconceptualizing Aggravated Damages: Recognizing The Dignitary Interest And Referential Loss, Jeffry Berryman

San Diego Law Review

In this Article, the author argues for the explicit recognition of the "dignitary interest" as a distinct head of damages. In Part I, he analyzes recent decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada that have commented on the availability of aggravated damages. Part II identifies how the protection of dignity lies at the root of awards for aggravated damages. Part III conceptualizes what is encompassed within the "dignitary interest." Part IV contrasts a purely remedial response with those who advocate a new tort action to protect loss of dignity. Finally, the prescriptive power of explicit recognition of the dignitary interest …

Rabies Deaths In Pakistan: Results Of Ineffective Post-Exposure Treatment, Shehzad Parviz, Rashid Chotani, Joseph Mccormick, Sue Fisher-Hoch, Stephen Luby

Community Health Sciences

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of rabies and the effectiveness of post-exposure treatment (PET) in Pakistan.Methods: Rabies cases admitted from July 1993 to December 1994 to a public rabies isolation hospital were analyzed. Two samples (one sample each from a separate peripheral site) of a single batch of sheep brain vaccine (SBV) were also tested for potency by the National Institute of Health (NIH) test in May 1997.Results: Forty patients were admitted with a history of clinical rabies. The median age was 22 years and 55% were under 15. Thirteen (23%) victims did not receive any vaccine; the remaining 27 …

Law Library Briefs, Roger Williams University School Of Law Library

Law Library Newsletters/Blog

No abstract provided.

Apparent Sibling Rivalry In The Freshwater Clam Sphaerium Striatinum, Mark Beekey, Ronald H. Karlson

Biology Faculty Publications

In Sphaerium striatinum, a freshwater brooding bivalve, up to 97.5% of offspring that adults initially produce fail to reach independence. Marsupial sacs, specialized extensions of gill filaments that act as nurseries, initially contain multiple offspring in various sizes and stages of development. However, by the time offspring reach later stages of development, marsupial sacs typically contain only one offspring. Brood mortality is hypothesized to be the result of competition among embryos for nutrients and/or space. Sphaeriid eggs do not contain enough yolk for offspring to complete development. Adults supply additional nutrients required to reach independence. Brood capacity is limited by …

Creating A Distributed Field Robot Architecture For Multiple Robots, Matthew T. Long

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis describes the design and implementation of a distributed robot architecture, Distributed Field Robot Architecture. The approach taken in this thesis is threefold. First, the distributed architecture builds on existing hybrid deliberative/reactive architectures used for individual robots rather than creating a distributed architecture that requires re-engineering of existing robots. Second, the distributed layer of the architecture incorporates concepts from artificial intelligence and software agents. Third, the architecture is designed around Suns Jini middleware layer, rather than creating a middleware layer from scratch or attempting to adapt a software agent architecture. This thesis makes three primary contributions, both theoretical and …

Medieval Church Norms And Fiduciary Duties In Partnership, Dennis J. Callahan

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Mormon Hive: A Study Of The Bee And Beehive Symbols In Nineteenth Century Mormon Culture, J. Michael Hunter

Faculty Publications

From antiquity to the middle of the eighteenth century, humans used the bee and beehive symbols to represent monarchy. Political and social changes resulted in a reinterpretation of the bee and beehive symbols during the eighteenth century. Republicans ignored the royalist associations of bees and beehives, and used them to represent values of the new republicanism. In nineteenth-century America, the Mormons, members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, encountered the bee and beehive symbols while participating in the rites of Freemasonry. In the nineteenth century, Mormons used the bee and beehive symbols to represent the Kingdom of …

The Economic Importance Of The Arts And Cultural Industries In Santa Fe County, Lee A. Reynis, Jeffrey Mitchell

BBER Publications

The McCune Charitable Foundation commissioned the UNM Bureau of Business and Economic Research (BBER) to conduct a three-part study of the arts and cultural industries (ACI) of Santa Fe, New Mexico. Part 1 of the study is a quantitative analysis of the ACI's impact on the economy of Santa Fe County; BBER researchers input county employment and wage data into a model using Implan Pro 2.0. The second part is a qualitative analysis of the relationships between the ACI and the various other sectors of the community. To investigate these dynamics, BBER interviewed nearly 100 ACI and community members. The …