Digital Commons Network^™

Politics And The Principle That Elected Legislators Should Make The Laws, David Schoenbrod

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

The Shape Of The Universe: The Impact Of Unpublished Opinions On The Process Of Legal Research, William R. Mills

Articles & Chapters

Unpublished appellate judicial opinions present formidable challenges for modern legal researchers, from both practical and ethical points of view. The practice of selective publication of court opinions, and attendant court rules that restrict citation of unpublished opinions, have long been the subject of debate within legal profession. The recent case of Anastasoff v. United States, 223 F.3d 898 (8th Cir. 2000), vacated as moot 235 F.3d 1054 (8th Cir. 2000), has rekindled this debate, giving it a new constitutional dimension, and placing it squarely within the context of judicial accountability and the appropriate separation of powers among our branches of …

Linking Intellectual Property Rights In Developing Countries With Research And Development, Technology Transfer, And Foreign Direct Investment Policy: A Case Study Of Egypt's Pharmaceutical Industry, Sahar Aziz

Faculty Scholarship

This Note focuses on TRIPS' impact on the pharmaceutical industry as well as health care in developing nations. By using Egypt as a case study, this Note aims to emphasize that the benefits of TRIPS for developing nations depends on the linkage between intellectual property rights (IPR) and other legal regimes, particularly drug regulation, technology transfer, and foreign direct investment (FDI) policies. The failure to adopt a holistic approach to the creation of effective and beneficial intellectual property rights regimes will merely increase the western pharmaceuticals' market share and increase drug prices in developing nations.6 By asking whether Egypt, versus …

Spin-Dependent Tunneling In Magnetic Tunnel Junctions, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal, O. N. Mryasov, Patrick R. Leclair

Evgeny Tsymbal Publications

The phenomenon of electron tunneling has been known since the advent of quantum mechanics, but continues to enrich our understanding of many fields of physics, as well as creating sub-fields on its own. Spin-dependent tunneling in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) has recently aroused enormous interest and has developed in a vigorous field of research. The large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) observed in MTJs garnered much attention due to possible applications in non-volatile random access memories and next-generation magnetic field sensors. This led to a number of fundamental questions regarding the phenomenon of spindependent tunneling. In this review article we present an …

U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service 2003 Amendment To The 2000 Biological Opinion On The Operation Of The Missouri River Main Stem Reservoir System, Operation And Maintenance Of The Missouri River Bank Stabilization And Navigation Project, And Operation Of The Kansas River Reservoir System

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

In 1989, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) initiated consulation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) regarding operation of the Missouri River Main Stem Reservoir System.  The species covered were the endangered Interior least tern (Sterna antillarum), threatened Northern Great Plains piping plover (Charadrius melodus), and the endangered bald eagle (Hallaeetus leucocehpalus).  Subsequently, the pallid sturgeon (Seaphirhynchus alba) was listed as endangered in 1990.  The bald eagle is now a threatened species proposed for delisting.

Consultation between the Corps and the Service in 2000 covered operations of the Missouri …

Implementation Of The Biological Opinion For The Missouri River Mainstem System, Missouri River Bank Stabilization And Navigation Project, And Kansas River Reservoir System

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires that the Corps of Engineers (Corps), in coordination with the appropriate resource agencies, will ensure that any action authorized, funded, or carried out is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any federally listed threatened or endangered species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat. On November 30, 2000, formal consultation between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the Corps under Section 7 of the ESA culminated with the "Biological Opinion on the Operation of the Missouri River Main Stem System, Operation and Maintenance ofthe Missouri River …

A Shape-Based Approach To Change Detection Of Lakes Using Time Series Remote Sensing Images, Jiang Li, Ram M. Narayanan

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Shape analysis has not been considered in remote sensing as extensively as in other pattern recognition applications. However, shapes such as those of geometric patterns in agriculture and irregular boundaries of lakes can be extracted from the remotely sensed imagery even at relatively coarse spatial resolutions. This paper presents a procedure for efficiently retrieving and representing shapes of interesting features in remotely sensed imagery using supervised classification, object recognition, parametric contour tracing, and proposed piecewise linear polygonal approximation techniques. In addition, shape similarity can be measured by means of a computationally efficient metric. The study was conducted on a time …

Are They Really Teachers? Problem–Based Learning And Information Professionals, Michael Anderson, Virginia Baldwin

To Improve the Academy: A Journal of Educational Development

Traditionally, working with teaching faculty is the primary consulting role for most faculty development professionals. The boundaries, however, are not always clear regarding instructional assistance that is provided to other personnel. This chapter demonstrates how collaboration among faculty consultants and information specialists can result in enhanced library utilization and better research-related instruction. Our model uses problem-based learning (PBL) as a vehicle for teaching research and retrieval skills in either a single class experience or in multiple classroom visits with an engineering librarian.

Bibliography, Volume 21 (2003)

To Improve the Academy: A Journal of Educational Development

Bibliography for volume 21 (2003) of To Improve the Academy: A Journal of Educational Development.

United States Patent Application Publication: Divide And Conquer System And Method Of Dna Sequence Assembly, Khalid Sayood, Hasan H. Otu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

The present invention provides a new algorithm for assembling fragments from a long DNA sequence. The algorithm of the invention Solves simultaneously fragment assembly-related problems. Such as the fragment orientation, overlap and layout phases. This is achieved by clustering fragments with respect to their Average Mutual Information (AMI) profiles using the k-means algorithm.

Use Of Machine Learning Based On Constructive Induction In Dialogs With Robotic Heads, Marek Perkowski, Tsutomu Sasao, Atsumu Iseno, Uland Wong, Martin Lukac, David Ng, Miranda Fix, Karl Kuchs, Mikhail Pivtoraiko, Michele Folgheraiter

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Paper presents our research progress and experiences related to designing inexpensive natural-size humanoid caricature and realistic robot heads - actors for robot theatre, agents for advertisement, education and entertainment. We concentrate on Machine Learning techniques used to teach robots behaviors, natural language dialogs and facial gestures.

Reversible Logic Synthesis With Cascades Of New Family Of Gates, Mozammel H.A. Khan, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Reversible circuits are currently on of top approaches to power minimization and the one whose importance will be only growing with time. In this paper, the well known Feynman gate is generalized to k*k gate and a new generalized k*k family of reversible gates is proposed. A synthesis method for multi-output SOP function using cascades of the new gate family is presented. For utilizing the benefit of product sharing among the output functions, two graph-based data structures are used. Another synthesis method for AND-OR-EXOR function using cascades of the new gate family and generalized Feynman gate is also presented. Synthesis …

Kalman Filtering For Adaptive Nonuniformity Correction In Infrared Focal-Plane Arrays, Sergio N. Torres, Majeed M. Hayat

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

A novel statistical approach is undertaken for the adaptive estimation of the gain and bias nonuniformity in infrared focal-plane array sensors from scene data. The gain and the bias of each detector are regarded as random state variables modeled by a discrete-time Gauss–Markov process. The proposed Gauss–Markov framework provides a mechanism for capturing the slow and random drift in the fixed-pattern noise as the operational conditions of the sensor vary in time. With a temporal stochastic model for each detector’s gain and bias at hand, a Kalman filter is derived that uses scene data, comprising the detector’s readout values sampled …

Solving Chemical Problems Of Environmental Importance Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy, Dean B. Atkinson

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Cavity ring-down (CRD) is a sensitive variant of traditional absorption spectroscopy that has found increasing use in a number of chemical measurement applications. This review focuses on applications of cavity ring-down spectroscopy that will be of interest to environmental chemists and analytical chemists working on environmental problems. The applications are classified into direct monitoring approaches, indirect analysis methods and ancillary studies and a differentiation is made between field-tested instruments and proof of principle studies.

A Stibonium-Modified Clay And Its Polystyrene Nanocomposite, Dongyan Wang, Charles A. Wilkie

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Triphenylhexadecylstibonium trifluoromethylsulfonate has been prepared and ion-exchanged with sodium montmorillonite to obtain a new organically-modified clay. The clay has higher thermal stability than an ammonium clay; only a portion of the alkyl chain is lost during degradation and all of the antimony is retained. This clay has been used to prepare a polystyrene nanocomposite in which the clay is not uniformly distributed throughout the polymer. Nonetheless the polymer does insert into the clay layers and the d-spacing of the clay expands from 2.0 to 3.0 nm. The enhanced thermal stability of this system may mean that it could be …

Religion And Spirituality, Jennifer Rycenga

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Use Of Radar Remote Sensing (Radarsat) To Map Winter Wetland Habitat For Shorebirds In An Agricultural Landscape, Oriane W. Taft, Susan M. Haig, Chris Kiilsgaard

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Many of today’s agricultural landscapes once held vast amounts of wetland habitat for waterbirds and other wildlife. Successful restoration of these landscapes relies on access to accurate maps of the wetlands that remain. We used C-band (5.6-cm-wavelength), HH-polarized radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) at a 38° incidence angle (8-m resolution) to map the distribution of winter shorebird (Charadriiformes) habitat on agricultural lands in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. We acquired imagery on three dates (10 December 1999, 27 January 2000, and 15 March 2000) and simultaneously collected ground reference data to classify radar signatures and evaluate map accuracy …

Capture Of Breeding And Wintering Shorebirds With Leg-Hold Noose-Mats, Katherine R. Mehl, Kiel L. Drake, Gary W. Page, Peter M. Sanzenbacher, Susan M. Haig, Jonathan E. Thompson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Development of effective trapping techniques is important for conservation efforts, as marking and subsequent monitoring of individuals is necessary to obtain accurate estimates of demography, movements, and habitat use. We describe a leg-hold noose-mat trap for capturing breeding and nonbreeding shorebirds. Using this method, we trapped 50 Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus), 2258 Snowy Plovers (C. alexandrinus), 38 Killdeers (C. vociferus), and 64 Dunlins (Calidris alpina) in the western and southern United States. The trap was lightweight, making it easy to transport and set up. It was effective on unvegetated substrates at both …

Mucosal Priming Of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses In Rhesus Macaques By The Salmonella Type Iii Secretion Antigen Delivery System, David T. Evans, Li-Mei Chen, Jacqueline Gillis, Kuei-Chin Lin, Brian Harty, Gail P. Mazzara, Ruben O. Donis, Keith G. Mansfield, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Ronald C. Desrosiers, Jorge E. Galán, R. Paul Johnson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Nearly all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are acquired mucosally, and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues are important sites for early virus replication. Thus, vaccine strategies designed to prime virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses that home to mucosal compartments may be particularly effective at preventing or containing HIV infection. The Salmonella type III secretion system has been shown to be an effective approach for stimulating mucosal CTL responses in mice. We therefore tested ∆phoP-phoQ attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. enterica serovar Typhi expressing fragments of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein fused to the …

Animal Anti-Apoptotic Genes Ameliorate The Loss Of Turgor In Water-Stressed Transgenic Tobacco, Tala Awada, D. D. Dunigan, M. B. Dickman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Glurk’ plants were transformed with antiapoptotic animal genes [chicken Bcl-xl; nematode CED-9; chicken Bcl-xl(GA) a mutant of Bcl-xl; and a 3’ non-coding region of human Bcl-2, referred to as 161-1]. Our objectives were to determine whether plant transformation with anti-apoptotic genes ameliorates drought tolerance in tobacco plants by subjecting the plants to a dry-down period. The non-transformed Glurk and the transgenic Glurk harboring G115, which expresses β-glucuronidase, served as controls. Transformation of tobacco plants with animal anti-apoptotic genes significantly impacted the rates of photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (g_s), but not to the same extent …

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Occurrence And Removal Through Bank Filtration In The Platte River, Nebraska, Jason R. Vogel, Larry B. Barber, Tyler B. Coplen, Ingrid M. Verstraeten, Thomas F. Speth, Jerry Obrist, Win Butler

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The USGS, USEPA, and City of Lincoln Water System (Nebraska) have conducted a study to determine the occurrence and removal of EDTA, NTA, and nonylphenol monoethoxycarboxylate to nonylphenol pentaethoxycarboxylate (NP1EC-NP5EC) in the hydrologic system at the City of Lincoln well field. The objective of the study is to evaluate the occurrence and removal of EDTA, NTA, and total nonylphenolpolyethoxycarboxylate (NPEC) by bank filtration at the City of Lincoln well field. This presentation will discuss removal during two sampling periods — May and August 2002 — based upon surface-water fractions in the collector well calculated using stable isotope ratios of hydrogen …

Book Review Of Science At The American Frontier: A Biography Of Dewitt Bristol Brace By David Cahan And M. Eugene Rudd, Robinson Yost

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

Though not among the most influential American physicists of the late 19th century, DeWitt Bristol Brace (1859-1905) played significant roles in creating the Department of Physics at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, and in developing extremely sensitive instrumentation attempting to measure the motion of the hypothetical ether relative to the Earth (more commonly called "ether drift"). As the book's title suggests, another of its major themes is the transmission of scientific knowledge, physics in particular, from German and East Coast American universities to the remoteness of the Great Plains. It is within this contextual framework that Science at the American …

Review Of Science And Native American Communities: Legacies Of Pain, Visions Of Promise Edited By Keith James, Dave Pruett, Ernest Stromberg

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

Science and Native American Communities, a provocative collection of essays from an unprecedented 1997 conference of Native American professionals in academia, science, engineering, and health sciences, explores "the uneasy meeting ground" between Western science and traditional wisdom.
Education, particularly in the sciences, is not value-neutral to Native peoples. Rather than education's poster children, many of the text's nineteen contributors are survivors of failed educational experiments: mission schools, boarding schools, externally imposed values, forced relocations. To editor Keith James (Onondaga), a professor of psychology, "Education has historically been associated with physical and sexual abuse and the emotional and cultural battery …

An Experimental And Theoretical Study Of Transient Negative Ions In Mg, Zn, Cd And Hg, J. P. Sullivan, Paul Burrow, D. S. Newman, K. Bartschat, J. A. Michejda, P. Panajotovic, M. Moghbelalhossein, R. P. Mceachran, Stephen J. Busckman

Paul Burrow Publications

A range of experimental and theoretical techniques have been applied to the study of transient negative ions (resonances) formed in electron scattering from the Group II metals Mg, Zn, Cd, and Hg at incident electron energies below the first ionization potential. A wealth of resonance structures have been observed and from the experimental observations and theoretical information, classifications are proposed for some of these negative ion states.

Community Supervision Of Sex Offenders -- Integrating Probation And Clinical Treatment, Michael J. Jenuwine, Ronald Simmons, Edward Swies

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Locked In Inequality: The Persistence Of Discrimination, Daria Roithmayr

Publications

In this Article, I argue that the practice of charging school fees to attend public school is an example of locked-in discrimination that persists over time, even in the absence of intentional discrimination. Exploring the lock-in model of discrimination in the unique context of South Africa, I make two central points. First, discriminatory practices often become locked into institutional structures because high switching costs-the costs of moving from a discriminatory practice to an inclusive one--make it too difficult for an institution to discontinue discriminating. Even when institutional actors are filly committed to eradicating racial disparity, they may be constrained from …

Public Health And National Security In The Global Age: Infectious Diseases, Bioterrorism, And Realpolitik, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Racism Or Realpolitik? U.S. Foreign Policy And The Hiv/Aids Catastrophe In Sub-Saharan Africa, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Production Of Fine Nd-Fe-B Alloy Powder By Pulsed Plasma Atomization, Jeffrey E. Shield, S. Christensen, R. W. Kincaid, F. D. Witherspoon

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Extremely fine (<10 >μm) Nd-Fe-B powder was generated by pulsed plasma atomization processing. The number average was just over 3 μm, as determined by computer-assisted scanning electron microscopy analysis of almost 3000 particles. Despite the fine particle size, alloys of stoichiometric Nd₂Fe₁₄B resulted in the properitectic formation of α-Fe, deleteriously affecting the magnetic properties. Nevertheless, this work shows the possibility of generating extremely fine, isotropic powder for bonded and hybrid magnet applications.

Revisiting The Vast Wasteland, Fred H. Cate, Newton N. Minow

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.