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The Caddo Indian Burial Ground (3mn386), Norman, Arkansas, Ann M. Early, Mary Beth D. Trubitt

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Human burials were exposed accidentally during construction of a city sewer treatment plant in Norman, Arkansas, in October 1988. Archeological salvage excavations in the days following, directed by Ann Early of the Arkansas Archeological Survey’s Henderson Research Station, identified two burials, a small cluster of residential features, and artifacts dating from the Archaic through Caddo periods. After discussions between the various agencies and groups involved, a new location was found for the sewer treatment plant. The human bone and associated grave goods were returned to the Caddo Tribe for reburial, and the site was covered up for protection. The site, …

Breeding Biology Of An Interior Least Tern (Sterna Antillarum Athalassos) Colony In Childress County Of North Texas, Warren C. Conway, Loren M. Smith, James D. Ray

Faculty Publications

This study documented nest success, nest initiation chronology and nest site selection for interior least terns (Sterna antillarum athalassos) along the Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Red River in Childress County, Texas during 1998. Terns experienced

a 65% nest success rate (Mayfield estimate 71 %) and clutch sizes ranged from 1 3 eggs (x = 2.25) for 20 nests. Seventy percent of all nests were initiated during the first 20 days of June, which coincided with the highest number of adult terns observed on the study site. All nests were found on gravel/sand bars in the river basin; 25% …

Archaeological Testing Of Four Sites On Camp Bowie, Brown County, Texas, Jason D. Weston, Raymond P. Mauldin

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In August of 2002, a crew from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio tested four sites at Camp Bowie in Brown County Texas. Three sites, 41BR471, 41BR500, and 41BR522, were prehistoric and one site, 41BR392, had both historic and prehistoric components. This work was done under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 2926 for the Adjutant General’s Department of Texas. Testing at these sites was done based on recommendations made for 41BR500 by Mauldin and Broehm (2001) and recommendations made for 41BR392, 41BR471 and 41BR522 by Greaves (2002).

Testing at 41BR392 centered on a …

Archaeological Testing To Determine The National Register Eligibility Status Of 18 Prehistoric Sites On Camp Bowie, Brown County, Texas Volume 1, Raymond P. Mauldin, David L. Nickels, Cory J. Broehm

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Between the fall of 1999 and the summer of 2001, archaeologists from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted National Register Eligibility testing on 18 prehistoric sites within Camp Bowie in Brown County, Texas. The work was conducted for the Texas Army National Guard. The sites were recommended for testing during an inventory survey of Camp Bowie conducted between 1993 and 1998 (Wormser and Sullo-Prewitt 2001). Sixteen of the 18 sites tested contained burned rock middens. It was on the basis of that feature type that these sites were recommended for testing. …

Test Excavations At 41he257, Henderson County, Texas, E. Frances Gadus

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Personnel from Prewitt and Associates, Inc., conducted test excavations at 41HE257, a prehistoric site located in central Henderson County. This work was conducted for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), Environmental Affairs Division, since part of the site is within the right of way for the southern expansion of FM 317, the Athens Loop. The work was done under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 3070 and all materials collected and records generated are curated at the Texas Archeological Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin. The excavations showed that the site is shallow and contains few lithics or ceramic artifacts, limited …

Archeological Excavation And Reburial Of Unmarked Historic Graves In The Pioneer Cemetery (41bo202), Brazoria County, Texas, Angela L. Tiné, Douglas K. Boyd

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report signals the completion of a cultural resource consultation process that began several years ago. In 1998, a planning meeting was held between archeologists with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Texas Historical Commission to discuss the planned improvements to State Highway 332 in Brazoria County, Texas, This work required a cultural resources surveys of many segments of the highway, one of which is adjacent to the historic Pioneer Cemetery, a predominantly African American burial ground in the town of Brazoria. Archeological investigations were conducted adjacent to the cemetery but within the highway right of way in 1998 …

Terrorism: Aliens' Freedom Of Speech And Association Under Attack In The United States, Aubrey Glover

Duquesne Law Review

No abstract provided.

Where The Rainbow Ends: Trying To Find A Pot Of Gold For Same-Sex Couples In Pennsylvania, Maureen B. Cohon

Duquesne Law Review

The article provides an overview of Pennsylvania law regarding same-sex couples, including an examination of domestic partner rights, adoption rights, and estate planning procedures.

"Second Parent" Same-Sex Adoption Are Valid If In The Best Interest Of The Child: In Re Adoption Of R.B.F. And R.C.F., Shannon E. Smith

Duquesne Law Review

The Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that second-parent same sex adoptions were permissible if the petitioner could demonstrate cause that such an adoption would be in the best interests of the child.

In re Adoption of R.B.F. and R.C.F., 803 A.2d 1195 (Pa. 2002)

Optimal Control Of Neutral Functional-Differential Inclusions, Boris S. Mordukhovich, Lianwen Wang

Mathematics Research Reports

This paper deals with optimal control problems for dynamical systems governed by constrained functional-differential inclusions of neutral type. Such control systems contain time-delays not only in state variables but also in velocity variables, which make them essentially more complicated than delay-differential (or differential-difference) inclusions. Our main goal is to derive necessary optimality conditions for general optimal control problems governed by neutral functional-differential inclusions with endpoint constraints. While some results are available for smooth control systems governed by neutral functional-differential equations, we are not familiar with any results for neutral functional-differential inclusions, even with smooth cost functionals in the absence of …

Aquatic Insect Communities, Littorial Habitats And Shoreline Characteristics In Eastern South Dakota, Amy L. Gonke

Oak Lake Field Station Research Publications

Recently, biological monitoring has become an important part of state water quality protocols, but few studies have focused on invertebrate community attributes within littoral zone habitats. The objective of this study was to define relationships between insect community attributes, littoral habitat and shoreline characteristics. Random locations within the littoral zone were sampled from seven basins during June to August 2001-2002. Six significant associations were found between invertebrate metrics and habitat measures from the combined lake data set (n=160). Percent Odonata was positively associated with percent canopy and negatively associated with cobble/boulder substrate (rho=0.29 and –0.30, respectively) while percent Corixidae was …

Aquative Invertebrate Communities And Biomonitoring: The Importance Of Taxonomic Resolution, Nels H. Troelstrup Jr.

Oak Lake Field Station Research Publications

Invertebrates have long been monitored to evaluate water quality and habitat conditions within lakes and streams. However, limited expertise and funding has prompted managers and their consultants to simplify identifications which may undermine resource management efforts. This analysis was conducted to (1) summarize taxonomic composition and ecology of eastern South Dakota aquatic invertebrate communities and (2) evaluate differences in biomonitoring metrics resulting from different levels of identification. Invertebrate data were drawn from studies of 16 streams, six seasonal prairie potholes and eight semi-permanent prairie pothole basins sampled during five separate research efforts over a ten year period. While some differences …

Mosquito Populations From Eastern South Dakota During 2001 And 2002, M. B. Hildreth, J. Nolz, K. Zirpel, S. L. Koth

Oak Lake Field Station Research Publications

In 2001, the South Dakota Department of Health initiated a program to monitor mosquitoes in South Dakota for the presence of the West Nile Virus. During the first year (2001), a pilot survey was conducted near Brookings, SD. To collect mosquitoes, CDC miniture light traps were used without carbondioxide baiting, beginning on July 3 and ending on August 2, 2001. Results from this small study (total of 2,042 mosquitoes during 10 collection days) showed that the most common mosquotes were Aedes vexans (88.2%), Culex tarsalis, (5.2%), and Aedes dorsalis (4.9%). An additional survey was conducted during the summer of 2002 …

Interpreting Wind-Driven Southern Ocean Variability In A Stochastic Framework, Philip Sura, Sarah T. Gille

Journal of Marine Research

A stochastic model is derived from wind stress and bottom pressure gauge data to examine the response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport to wind stress forcing. A general method is used to estimate the drift and diffusion coefficients of a continuous stationary Markovian system. As a first approximation, the response of the ACC to wind stress forcing can be described by a multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process: Gaussian red noise wind stress drives the evolution of the ACC transport, which is damped by a linear drag term. The model indicates that about 30(±10)% of ACC variability is directly driven by …

A Generic Length-Scale Equation For Geophysical Turbulence Models, L. Umlauf, H. Burchard

Journal of Marine Research

A generalization of a class of differential length-scale equations typically used in second-order turbulence models for oceanic flows is suggested. Commonly used models, like the k-ε model and the Mellor-Yamada model, can be recovered as special cases of this generic model, and thus can be rationally compared. In addition, a method is proposed that yields a generalized framework for the calibration of the most frequently used class of differential length-scale equations. The generic model, calibrated with this method, exhibits a greater range of applicability than any of the traditional models. Stratified flows, plane mixing layers, and turbulence introduced by …

Relative Dispersion At The Surface Of The Gulf Of Mexico, J. H. Lacasce, Carter Ohlmann

Journal of Marine Research

We examine the relative motion of pairs and triplets of surface drifters in the Gulf of Mexico. The mean square pair separations grow exponentially in time from the smallest resolved scale (1 km) to 40-50 km, with an e-folding time of 2-3 days. Thereafter, the dispersion exhibits a power law dependence on time with an exponent of between 2 and 3 (depending on the measure used) up to scales of several hundred kilometers. The straining is for the most part isotropic, with only weak regional variations. But there are suggestions of anisotropy in the western basin, probably due to boundary …

Control Of Black Sea Intermediate Water Mass Formation By Dynamics And Topography: Comparison Of Numerical Simulations, Surveys And Satellite Data, Emil V. Stanev, Malcolm J. Bowman, Elissaveta L. Peneva, Joanna V. Staneva

Journal of Marine Research

The processes of cold intermediate water (CIW) formation in the Black Sea are quantified by analyzing the results of numerical simulations using the Modular Ocean Model (MOM) plus observations obtained from both hydrographic surveys and the TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter. In the first phase of integration the model is forced with seasonally-variable atmospheric data. After reaching a quasi-periodic state, the integration is continued using forcing data for the period 1991-1994 provided by the United Kingdom Meteorological Office. The performance of the model is assessed in reproducing the dominant physical mechanisms that control the process and rate of CIW formation, viz., circulation, vertical …

On The Generation Of North Brazil Current Rings, Markus Jochum, Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli

Journal of Marine Research

A high resolution general circulation model (OGCM) is used to investigate the life cycle of North Brazil Current (NBC) rings. The focus of the study is on explaining the generation mechanisms of the rings and their vertical structure. The OGCM is used in a configuration simplified as much as possible but capable of reproducing a realistic mean circulation of the tropical Atlantic. Three numerical experiments are analyzed: no wind; steady wind; seasonally varying winds. With wind forcing, a consistent scenario emerges for the generation of NBC rings. It is shown first that the NECC is barotropically unstable, radiating Rossby waves …

Relations Between Local, Nonlocal, Discrete And Continuous Models Of Bioturbation, Filip J. R. Meysman, Bernard P. Boudreau, Jack J. Middelburg

Journal of Marine Research

A general framework is proposed that classifies existing bioturbation models according to two dividing lines: discrete/semi-discrete/continuous and local/nonlocal. Based on a common stochastic approach, which models biological reworking of particles as a position jump process, the relationships among the different model classes are exposed and the assumptions underlying each model are explicitly derived. We find that discrete/semi-discrete/continuous formulations are principally equivalent, leaving two basic modeling formalisms: (1) the more inclusive nonlocal exchange formalism and (2) the local biodiffusion model, which is obtained as a special case of the former. Three fundamental criteria determine the applicability of these formalisms, termed the …

Wave-Induced Boundary Mixing In A Partially Mixed Estuary, Daniel Bourgault, Daniel E. Kelley

Journal of Marine Research

We present observations that reveal the existence of horizontally propagating, tidally-driven, high-frequency internal wave (IW) packets in a channel of the partially mixed St. Lawrence Estuary. The packets propagate transversely to the channel axis and collide with the shoaling lateral boundaries. The structure and energy of IWs are diagnosed with a two-dimensional, nonlinear nonhydrostatic model, and the results are compared with weakly nonlinear Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) theory. The behavior of IWs running into the shoaling lateral boundary is examined in terms of published laboratory and numerical experiments. Our analysis indicates that IWs break on the slope, during which 6% of their …

Intermediate Water Masses Off South-Southwest Portugal: Chemical Tracers, Graça Cabeçadas, Maria J. Brogueira, Célia Gonçalves

Journal of Marine Research

Biogeochemical tracers, as dissolved oxygen and nutrients, were measured during several surveys carried out between 1999 and 2001, off south-southwestern Portugal. The dense vertical and horizontal sampling allows the extensions of intermediate water masses present in the region to be resolved. A subsurface minimum salinity water layer, exhibiting values of apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) in the range 40 – 60 μmol/kg and intruding into the study area mainly from the south-southwest, is proposed to be a remnant of the Subarctic Intermediate Water (SAIW). A deeper salinity minimum displaying high concentrations of nutrients and AOU (~100 μmol/kg) and identified as a …

The Effect Of Fiddler Crab Burrowing On Sediment Mixing And Radionuclide Profiles Along A Topographic Gradient In A Southeastern Salt Marsh, Barbara J. Mccraith, Leonard R. Gardner, David S. Wethey, Willard S. Moore

Journal of Marine Research

Fiddler crabs are one of the principal agents of bioturbation in intertidal salt marshes. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of sediments can be modified by fiddler crab burrowing activity. This study examined the effect of fiddler crab burrowing on sediment reworking and the distributions of ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs in salt marsh sediments at North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina. Fiddler crab burrow density, turnover, and volume were measured along a transect from the forest to the creek bank. Burrow density ranged between 40 and 300 burrows m^-2 with highest densities at the creek bank. Sediment reworking is …

Upper Ocean Control On The Solubility Pump Of Co2, Takamitsu Ito, Michael J. Follows

Journal of Marine Research

We develop and test a theory for the relationship of atmospheric p CO₂ and the solubility pump of CO₂ in an abiotic ocean. The solubility pump depends on the hydrographic structure of the ocean and the degree of saturation of the waters. The depth of thermocline sets the relative volume of warm and cold waters, which sets the mean solubility of CO₂ in the ocean. The degree of saturation depends on the surface residence time of the waters. We develop a theory describing how atmospheric CO₂ varies with diapycnal diffusivity and wind stress in a simple, …

How Estuaries Work: A Charlotte Harbor Example, Robert H. Weisberg, Lianyuan Zheng

Journal of Marine Research

We consider the time-averaged, estuarine circulation through a control volume analysis of its mechanical energy balance; hence the title of our paper: "How estuaries work." The venue is the Charlotte Harbor on Florida's west coast, and the analysis medium is the primitive equation ECOM3D-si model. We are motivated by an estuary classification dilemma. Being that estuarine circulation is buoyancy driven by the horizontal salinity gradient, and that the gradient increases with increasing vertical mixing as the salinity isolines rotate from horizontal to vertical, it follows that an increase in mixing should lead to an increase in circulation. Yet, at some …

Form, Performance And Trade-Offs In Swimming And Stability Of Armed Larvae, Daniel Grünbaum, Richard R. Strathmann

Journal of Marine Research

Diverse larval forms swim and feed with ciliary bands on arms or analogous structures. Armed morphologies are varied: numbers, lengths, and orientations of arms differ among species, change through development, and can be plastic in response to physiological or environmental conditions. A hydromechanical model of idealized equal-armed larvae was used to examine functional consequences of these varied arm arrangements for larval swimming performance. With effects of overall size, ciliary tip speed, and viscosity factored out, the model suggested trade-offs between morphological traits conferring high swimming speed and weight-carrying ability in still water (generally few arms and low arm elevations), and …

Stability Of The Global Ocean Circulation: The Connection Of Equilibria Within A Hierarchy Of Models, Henk A. Dijkstra, Wilbert Weijer

Journal of Marine Research

We address the problem of the multiple equilibria of the thermohaline circulation in a hierarchy of models. The understanding of the relation between bifurcation diagrams of box models, two-dimensional models and those of a global ocean general circulation model, is facilitated through analysis of the equilibrium solutions of a three-dimensional Atlantic-like sector model with an open southern channel. Using this configuration, the subtle effects of the wind-stress field, the effects of continental asymmetry and the asymmetry in the surface freshwater flux can be systematically studied. The results clarify why there is an asymmetric Atlantic circulation under a near equatorially-symmetric buoyancy …

The Characteristics Of The Recirculating Bulge Region In Coastal Buoyant Outflows, Greg Avicola, Pablo Huq

Journal of Marine Research

A relatively large recirculating gyre, or bulge (anticyclonic buoyant lens) region attached to the source has been observed to occur in some numerical simulations and in some oceanic outflows. The purpose of this paper is to determine the dynamics of such recirculating bulge regions. Laboratory experiments were conducted for the purpose of examining the characteristics, evolution, and impact of a recirculating bulge in a coastal buoyant outflow. All experiments were performed such that the buoyant layer was thin compared to the total water depth, and the width of the bay exit was approximately equal to the internal Rossby deformation radius …

Reply To: “Comments On ‘A Generic Length-Scale Equation For Geophysical Turbulence Models’ ”By L. Kantha And S. Carniel, Lars Umlauf, Hans Burchard

Journal of Marine Research

Recently, Kantha and Carniel (2003) commented on some earlier work of Kantha (2003) and Umlauf and Burchard (2003) on the formulation of a generalized length-scale equation in Reynolds stress models for geophysical flows. With the present short note, we respond to their major criticism of the Umlauf and Burchard (2003) generic two-equation model...

Facts About Boise State University 2003-2004, Office Of Communications And Marketing

Facts and Figures

No abstract provided.

Koiné 2003, Connecticut College

Connecticut College Yearbooks

This is a digitized version of Koiné, the student yearbook of Connecticut College. It has been divided into sections for ease of access.

To download a copy of the entire book, use the "full-text" link - these files are large and may take some time.