Digital Commons Network^™

Plasma Vegf-A, Vegfr-2, And Asprosin Levels In Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes, Safaa Shehab Ahmed, Ishtar Imad Majeed, Muhammad Talib Hussein, Amany Lotfy Omar, Dhuha Khaled Hadid, Maha Radam Lateef

Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

Background: Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is marked by endothelial dysfunction and disrupted glucose metabolism. VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 drive vascular repair, while asprosin contributes to insulin resistance.

Objectives: This study explored the association of these biomarkers in individuals with poorly controlled T2DM.

Methods: The study included 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 60 age-matched healthy controls (45–65 years). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured using a Roche Cobas Integra 400 Plus analyzer. Serum levels of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, and asprosin were quantified using ELISA.

Results: T2DM patients exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of VEGF-A, …

Infection By Entamoeba Histolytica Among Children Attending Maysan Pediatric And Maternity Hospital In Amarah City, Ali Idan Al-Musaedi, Ahmed Hussain Rahim

Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

Background: Most parasites impose some level of damage to their hosts. Factors such as the number of parasites, the site of infection, the size and mobility of the parasite, along with the host's physiological condition and whether it serves as an intermediate or final host, affect the severity of infections in both humans and animals.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica infection in children under the influence of some risk factors.

Materials and Methods: A total of 1213 stool samples were collected from children attending Maysan Pediatric and Maternity Hospital in Amarah City, Maysan Governorate, southern Iraq. Microscopy …

Molecular Characterization And Genotyping Of Candida Species Isolated From The Nasal Cavity Of Patients With Nasal Infections In Iraq, Amran M. Al-Erjan, Hind Tahseen Ibrahim

Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

Background: Nasal infections are commonly associated with opportunistic microorganisms, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species.

Objectives: This study aimed to molecularly characterize Candida species isolated from the nasal cavity of patients with nasal infections and to determine their phylogenetic relationships using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.

Methods: A total of 88 nasal swab samples were collected from patients aged 1–80 years in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq, between December 2023 and March 2024. Samples were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and Mannitol Salt Agar. Yeast isolates were identified phenotypically using CHROMagar Candida and germ tube tests. Molecular identification and genotyping were …

Malondialdehyde And Ceruloplasmin: A More Sensitive And Specific Marker Than Other Obesity Markers For Diagnosis Of Obese Individuals, Sawen Tahseen Taha

Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

Background: Higher levels of lipid peroxidation are associated with obesity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a byproduct of this process and acts as a biomarker. Plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp) is also connected to obesity and is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Objectives: This study aimed to measure MDA and CP levels in obese people and compare them with levels in people of normal weight, including both men and women.

Methods: Case and control study was conducted on a total (90) participants, consisting of (45) Normal individuals with BMI <25 Kg/m2, (45) Obese individuals with BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2 were enrolled in the study. Serum MDA and CP were estimated using the ELISA technique. The present study was carried out from 8th January 2024, to 1st May 2024, at Rizgary Hospital, Cardiac Center, and Cihan University.

Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA) was assessed in both groups. Sensitivity and specificity for MDA …

Association Between Stress And Prolactin Hormone Levels: A Mini-Review, Sara Salah Mahdi, Huda S. Abdulghani

Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

The physiological functions of prolactin are highly varied, despite the fact that it is most commonly recognized for its participation in the inhibition of reproduction and the regulation of breastfeeding. The conditions known as hyperprolactinemia can have a variety of origins, some of which are physiological and others of which are pathologic. The following are examples of physiological causes: pregnancy, breastfeeding, sleep-related, stimulation of the nipples and sexual orgasm, stimulation or trauma to the chest wall. Another significant physiological factor that contributes to hyperprolactinemia is stress, and the clinical importance of this factor is currently being investigated. This paper aims …

Molecular Detection Of Virulence Genes And Antibiotic Resistance In Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli: Focus On Babylon Province, Iraq, Lara Hashem Abdzaid, Tiba Habeeb Saifi, Jwan Ahmed Ali, Layth Jasim Mohammed, Isaac Karimi

Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect individuals of all ages, with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) being their primary causative agent. The accumulation rate of antimicrobial resistance poses a major public health challenge, underscoring the need for genetic monitoring of resistant strains.

Objectives: This study aimed to find virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in UPEC.

Materials and Methods: 110 patients, including 65 females and 45 males, aged 15 to 40 years, were screened for UPEC at Al-Hilla city between January and March 2025. Urine samples were collected to identify E. coli and to analyze associated virulence factors.

Results: Biochemical tests confirmed …

Disciplinary System Of Artificial Intelligence: Connotation, Architecture, And Development Suggestions, Academic Divisions Of The Chinese Academy Of Sciences Discipline Group Of Advisory Project On Ai-Empowered Scientific Research

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The discipline of artificial intelligence studies the theories, methods, systems, applications, enabling functions, ethics, and governance of artificial intelligence, and is a typical interdisciplinary field. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence in recent years, its disciplinary connotations and system architecture urgently require renewed examination. Based on the analysis of development trends of artificial intelligence, this paper elucidates the connotations of the AI discipline from four perspectives: theoretical methods, forms of intelligence, disciplinary integration, and application empowerment. It further proposes a disciplinary system framework for artificial intelligence comprising foundational supporting disciplines, core body of knowledge, major forms of intelligence, and …

Artificial Intelligence Empowers Particle Physics And Nuclear Physics: From Fundamental Research To Major Applications, Yifang Wang, Yuan He, Yao Huang, Wanbing He, Yi Jiao, Congqiao Li, Ke Li, Beijiang Liu, Yingqi Ma, Yugang Ma, Longgang Pang, Fazhi Qi, Sichao Tan, Chunpeng Wang, Meng Wang, Xiaoheng Xu, Xing Xu, Zhentang Zhao, Yingxun Zhang, Zhengde Zhang, Hongwei Zhao, Lina Zhao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Particle physics and nuclear physics are core foundational disciplines for exploring the fundamental structure of matter and the origin of the universe. The deep integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is providing entirely new pathways to address systemic challenges such as the processing of massive amounts of multimodal data, the realization of extreme experimental conditions, bottlenecks in theoretical calculations, and the intelligent control of large-scale scientific facilities. The article systematically elaborates on how AI deeply empowers particle physics and nuclear physics, particularly in major application scenarios such as research on the fundamental structure and origin of mass of matter, the …

2026issue6content

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Effects Of A Peer Mentoring Program For Adolescent Newcomers On Feelings Of Peer Connectedness And School Belonging, Eden Elizabeth Moon Barnhill

Theses and Dissertations

There is a significant lack of empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of peer mentoring to support newcomer students, particularly for refugee populations. This study evaluated the effects of a peer mentor program for newcomer students on their feelings of peer connectedness and school belonging in a high school setting. Participants were made up of 15 newcomer student mentees across three high schools. Measures were administered pre- and post-intervention, and participants were also interviewed about their experience. Results indicated no quantitative findings of significance but did yield a small positive effect size for peer connectedness. According to qualitative data, many participants …

Hierarchical Parcel Swapping: A Novel Model In Turbulence, Masoomeh Behrang

Theses and Dissertations

Turbulent mixing plays a central role in a wide range of engineering and natural systems, particularly in reactive flows where turbulence--chemistry interactions strongly influence reaction rates, flame structure, and emissions. Accurately modeling these interactions remains a major challenge due to the multiscale and stochastic nature of turbulence, as well as the nonlinear coupling between transport and chemical kinetics. This dissertation develops and evaluates the Hierarchical Parcel Swapping (HiPS) model, a fully stochastic framework designed to represent turbulence-driven transport and scalar mixing without relying on traditional gradient-based closures. HiPS is investigated both as a standalone turbulence model and as a subgrid …

Artificial Intelligence Empowered Biological Research: Paradigm Shifts, Application Scenarios, And Strategic Layout, Xinguang Zhu, Yiming Bao, Zhenong Jin, Xin Li, Sijia Wang, Yueming Wang, Yungui Yang, Cao Xu, Yan Xiong, Bin Han

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Life related processes are characterized by high dimensionality and multi-scale properties. Understanding mechanisms underpinning life processes helps promote national healthcare, agricultural development, sustainable ecological civilization, and national security. Current life science research is confronted with an enormous challenge of dimensionality stemming from data explosion and data fragmentation, for which the recent rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) provides novel solutions. AI will catalyze a paradigm shift in life science research from the current experiment based empirical induction to a new closed-loop knowledge acquisition including large scale data collection, model building, model prediction, experimental validation, and iterative of these procedures. Life …

Artificial Intelligence–Driven Paradigm Transformation In Biopharmaceutical R&D: Applications And Emerging Scenarios, Lili Liu, Mingyue Zheng, Ye Yuan, Xutong Li, Rong Fan, Wei Wei, Jinxin Zhao, Guobin Qi, Hua Yue, Likun Gong, Songping Zhang, Jiachen Li, Yuchen Sun, Xiaoyan Chen, Yao Chen, Xin Liu, Xiao Zhang, Yuehong Gao, Jianfeng Li, Kaixian Chen, Guanghui Ma, Jianmin Yue

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The biopharmaceutical industry is a critical domain underpinning national scientific and technological innovation development and public health. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and its deep integration with the life sciences, biomedicine research is undergoing a paradigm shift from traditional experience-driven trial-and-error approaches to data-driven and predictive validation-based models. This study systematically examines the pathways for reshaping research in biomedicine paradigms under the convergence of data-driven, mechanism-driven, and intelligence-driven approaches. It focuses on recent advances in the application of AI across key stages, including drug discovery and design, druggability evaluation, delivery system design and optimization, nonclinical and clinical …

Advancing Paradigm Of Quantitative Synthetic Biology And Strengthening Mission-Oriented Basic Research, Chenli Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Synthetic biology is an important frontier in the life sciences, yet its further development remains constrained by limited capacity for rational design. Quantitative synthetic biology, which iteratively integrates quantitative modeling with the construction and analysis of synthetic systems, offers a promising paradigm for addressing this challenge. In this perspective, the study discusses the background and motivations underlying the emergence of this field and summarizes recent developments and exploratory efforts. Considering the unique characteristics of quantitative synthetic biology, it is suggested that progress in the field may benefit from strategically organized collaborative research that balances mission-oriented goals with investigator-driven exploration. On …

Disaster Preparedness, Prevention And Management In Lagos State University Library, Mausi A. Bokoh, Sophia V. Adeyeye Dr, Oluwaseun Adeola Abiodun-Asanre, Mrs

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Disasters pose significant threats to human lives, infrastructure, and national socioeconomic development. Effective disaster preparedness, prevention, and management are therefore vital for mitigating their impact and ensuring continuity of operations. This study examined disaster preparedness, prevention, and management practices at Lagos State University Library. A survey research design was adopted, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering key aspects of disaster management. Frequency counts, percentages, mean, and standard deviations were used to analyze data.  The findings revealed that the library employs basic preventive strategies such as turning off electricity after work hours and ensuring timely evacuation during emergencies. …

Hormonal Shifts And Structural Strain: A Literature Review Of Menopause And Perimenopause In Relation To Overuse Injuries And Stress Fractures, Mustafa Ansari, Faisal Hussain, Mutasem Shopon, Hanfa Ajmal, Mueez Asif, Sharon David

Student Publications

Musculoskeletal injury risk in midlife women has traditionally been attributed to estrogen decline, but this narrow focus overlooks the broader biomechanical, neuromuscular, and structural changes associated with menopause. Estrogen plays a multisystem role in maintaining trabecular bone integrity, collagen turnover, and neuromuscular coordination. Its abrupt loss causes bone demineralization (2%-5% annually in early menopause), impairs tendon repair, and contributes to sarcopenia. Fluctuating estradiol levels during perimenopause may transiently increase ligament laxity, further destabilizing joints. Common injuries such as Achilles and rotator cuff tendinopathies, plantar fasciitis, and stress fractures are amplified by low bone mineral density, prior fracture history, aromatase inhibitor …

A Role For The Poly-Asparagine Repeat In The Plasmodium Histone Acetyltransferase, Pfgcn5, Kelly Rubiano, Aaron Morris, Francisca D L Vitorino, Jasper Travis, Benjamin A Garcia, Sumit Mukherjee, Daniel E Goldberg

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Plasmodium falciparum possesses one of the most AT-rich genomes in nature (80.6%). A consequence is an asparagine-rich proteome. A quarter of P. falciparum proteins possess poly-asparagine repeats that can extend more than 100 residues. The role of these repeats has remained a mystery in the biology of this parasite. Here, we report that the poly-asparagine repeat-containing Nterminus of the histone acetyltransferase PfGCN5 associates with the C-terminal catalytic domain after cleavage in the nucleus. Deletion of the repeat destabilizes the N-terminal polypeptide, leading to impaired parasite development and growth, particularly under stress conditions. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry and western blotting analysis, …

Air Pollution And Public Health: Global Evidence And Implications, Mohammed Obaid Al-Mansoori

Al-Bahir

Globally, the issue of air pollution keep being one of most serious challenges that affecting environment and human health, coming from emissions of industries, transport, agriculture and also from the fuel people use in homes, in addition to natural events that make the situation worse. This review try to bring together the available evidences about the sources, types, and the health impacts of the main air pollutants, including the gaseous ones like SO₂, O₃, NO₂, and CO, and the particulate matter (PM₁₀, PM₂.₅). Exposure for short or long time to these pollutants is linked with many harmful outcomes, such as …

Strategies And Practices For Improving Enrollment And Persistence By Native American Students In An Oklahoma Post-Secondary Education Institution, Mickey Jack

Student Theses and Dissertations

The historical oppression of Native Americans created a distrust in the educational system in American which was based on European models and designed for the advancement of white settlers. This historical oppression transcends generations and stills exists in our educational system. As a result, Native American students represent less than 1% of the student population in post-secondary education systems nation-wide. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to identify what strategies and practices were most effective for improving enrollment and persistence among Native American students in Oklahoma post-secondary education based on a transformative framework and TribalCrit. Three Native American …

Cap1 (Cyclase-Associated Protein 1) Mediates The Camp Regulation Of Adhesion And Proliferation Of Schwann Cells In The Peripheral Nervous System, Jarna Karmoker

Student Theses and Dissertations

The peripheral nervous system relays signals between the central nervous system and the rest of the body, and peripheral nerve injuries and neuropathies can cause permanent neurological deficits. Schwann cells (SCs) are glial cells that myelinate neurons, which is essential for neuronal function and nerve repair. CAP1 (Cyclase-Associated Protein 1) is best characterized as an actin-regulating protein, while it also regulates other cellular processes, including matrix adhesion, migration, and proliferation. We discovered that cAMP-induced CAP1 dephosphorylation regulates relevant cell functions. While cAMP is also important for SC function and myelination, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We silenced CAP1 in …

The Impact Of Underrepresentation Of Male African American Teachers On African American Students’ (K-12) Classroom Learning, Carenzo George

Student Theses and Dissertations

The persistent underrepresentation of African American male educators in K–12 schools remains a significant concern in the field of education, particularly given the growing diversity of the student population. Despite increasing attention to teacher diversity, African American males continue to represent a small percentage of the teaching workforce. This disparity raises important questions about how representation influences the educational experiences of African American students. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the perceptions of African American male teachers and administrators regarding the impact of the underrepresentation of African American male educators on African American students’ classroom experiences. …

African American Genealogists And Family Historians: Perceptions, Motivations, And Learning Experiences, Vernita A. Morgan

Student Theses and Dissertations

In this qualitative phenomenological study, the motivations, learning experiences, challenges, and triumphs of African American genealogists and family historians will be revealed. The purpose of this study is to bridge the existing gap in the literature regarding the experiences of these individuals. The interconnectedness of self-directed learning and self-determination theory will demonstrate how these genealogists approach researching their ancestors, who were both enslaved and free people of color. Themes that arise from feedback from interviews will be used to offer answers to the research questions.

Assessing The Effectiveness Of Wetland Reserve Easements As Habitat For Birds In The Mississippi Alluvial Valley Of Eastern Arkansas, Colin K. Dobson

Student Theses and Dissertations

Globally, wetland habitats suffered major declines during the 20th century. In the 1990s, the United States government created the Wetland Reserve Program (later consolidated into the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program), to combat the loss of wetlands. Despite success in attracting landowners, minimal monitoring of properties enrolled into the program (easements) has occurred. In this study, we monitored avian communities at easements, compared avian diversity at easements to agriculture and bottomland forests, and quantified microhabitat, site-specific, and surrounding landscape features at easements. We also studied the demographic rates of an indicator species of bottomland forests, the Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) at …

The Ecotoxicological Implications Of Switching From Fluorescent To Light Emitting Diode Lighting For Zooplankton Culturing And Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing, Orithea Z. Regn

Student Theses and Dissertations

In the global transition toward light emitting diode (LED) lighting, an understudied area is the impact on the culturing and testing of Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) testing organisms, more specifically, the zooplankton species. Without comparison to the current lighting used for culturing and testing, it is unknown if there will be an impact on performance, which could affect effluent, regulatory, and product safety decisions. This dissertation investigated if culturing and reference toxicity testing using sodium chloride for Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia magna, and D. pulex under LED lighting was comparable to fluorescent. Comparisons were made between two laboratories and by season, …

Opioid Tapering And Risk Of Cardiovascular Diseases Among Older Adults: A Case-Crossover Study, Shadi Bazzazzadehgan, Yi Yang, Liang-Yuan Lin, John Bentley, Sujith Ramachandran, Kaustuv Bhattacharya

Podiums

Objectives: Opioid tapering has increased in recent years with the implementation of national prescribing guidelines. This study aimed to examine the association of opioid tapering with takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in older Medicare beneficiaries. Methods: A case-crossover design was employed using 5% Medicare administrative claims data (2012-2020). Older adults (65 years) with TCM or MACE (composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death) were identified, and the date of the first occurrence was designated as the index date. Beneficiaries were required to have long-term opioid therapy episode, defined as 45 days of opioid possession within …

Sirt1 And Ifi16 Cooperatively Regulate Hbv Replication Via Epigenetic Modulation And Innate Immune Activation, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Umar Saeed, Neelam Abid, Syed Shahan Gilani, Hafiz Ahmad Bilal Akhtar Chughtai, Areesha Wasti, Muhammad Waseem, Dilber Uzun Ozsahin, Andromeda M. Nauli, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) establishes persistent infection through the formation of a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) minichromosome, which enables immune evasion and sustained viral replication. While SIRT1, IFI16, and STING are known to modulate antiviral pathways, their cooperative role in regulating HBV transcription and host immunity remains poorly defined.

Methods

We investigated the functional interplay between SIRT1, IFI16, and STING using confocal microscopy, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), gene silencing, and quantitative PCR in HBV-replicating cell models. Interactions with HBV cccDNA and effects on viral transcription and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression were analyzed. Northern blotting and RT-qPCR were used to …

Enhancer Rna Transcription Near Segmentation Gene Enhancers Can Be Analyzed In Situ Using Fish, Christine Mau, Benjamin Schmid, Ezzat El-Sherif

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences Faculty Publications

Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are non-coding transcripts produced at enhancer regions, which appear to be involved in transcriptional regulation. Up to date, these have been primarily investigated using labor- and cost-intensive genomic techniques. However, the precise mechanisms by which eRNA transcription or eRNA transcripts themselves mediate transcriptional regulation remain unclear. Here, we present a novel experimental approach that allows us to analyze characteristics of eRNA transcription in fixed and live whole Drosophila melanogaster embryos. We employ the anterior–posterior patterning genes as a model system to investigate the dynamics of eRNA expression, utilizing an imaging-based approach. We combined high-sensitivity fluorescence in situ …

From Athens To Jerusalem: Platonism, Richard Owen, And The Road Not Taken In Biology, Michael A. Flannery

Libraries Professional Work

Tertullian provocatively asked (circa 200 AD), “What indeed has Athens to do with Jerusalem? What concord is there between the Academy and the Church?” The relationship between formal philosophy and religion has been a contentious battleground ever since. It has historically come into sharpest focus in biology generally, and evolutionary theory specifically. Charles Darwin clearly won the day in the short-term. His evolutionary functionalism looked like an inglorious abandonment of time-honored metaphysical realism for positivist empirical reductionism with a concomitant horizontalization of perspective that has secularized and flattened the intellectual landscape. But more recently the rise of evo-devo (evolutionary developmental …

3d Em Uncovers Mitochondrial Network Remodeling In Residual Triple Negative Breast Cancer After Conventional Chemotherapy Treatments, Audra Lane, Steven W Wall, Andrea G Marshall, Zer Vue, Larry Vang, Mokryun L Baek, Mason Killion, Faben Zeleke, Bryanna Shao, Dominique Parker, Autumn Peterson, Julie Sterling Rhoades, Lacey E Dobrolecki, Amber Crabtree, Annet Kirabo, Sepiso K Masenga, Prasanna Katti, Prasanna Venkhatesh, Chandravanu Dash, Michael T Lewis, Antentor Hinton, Gloria V Echeverria

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Mitochondria are hubs of metabolism and signaling. We previously demonstrated the importance of mitochondrial structure and function in chemotherapy-refractory triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Herein, we present the first 3D analysis of mitochondrial networks in human tumor tissues. Using serial block face scanning electron microscopy, we reconstructed 3,750 mitochondria and 800 lipid droplets (LDs) in naive and residual tumors persisting after conventional chemotherapies in two orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Chemotherapies administered as monotherapy or in combination produced residual tumors that harbored mitochondria with significantly increased areas, volumes, and perimeters. We observed substantial reduction of mitochondrial intratumor heterogeneity following all treatments. Further, …

Neddylation Maintains Oocyte Quality By Stabilizing Mitochondrial Transcription, Peixin Jiang, Matthew D Meyer, Jaspreet K Rishi, Mei Leng, Alexander B Saltzman, Elizabeth S Anaya, Momal Sharif, Laurie J Mckenzie, Laura Detti, Anna Malovannaya, Sean M Hartig, Stephanie A Pangas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Age-related decline in oocyte quality increases the risk of infertility, miscarriage, and birth defects. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key contributor to this decline. Here, we report that oocyte-specific deletion of Uba3, which encodes the catalytic subunit of the E1 NEDDylation-activating complex, causes sterility in mice. Fully grown, germinal vesicle–stage Uba3 conditional knockout oocytes exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction, including elevated reactive oxygen species, impaired oxidative phosphorylation, and depletion of mitochondrially encoded RNA transcripts. Proteomic analysis identified alterations in mitochondrial-associated proteins, including enrichment of mitochondrial matrix and respiratory chain components and reduced abundance of electron transport chain complexes. These defects were associated …