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Sign-R1, A Novel C-Type Lectin Expressed By Marginal Zone Macrophages In Spleen, Mediates Uptake Of The Polysaccharide Dextran, Youngsun Kang, Sayuri Yamazaki, Tomonori Iyoda

Publications

The marginal zone macrophages of the spleen are implicated in the clearance of polysaccharides, but underlying mechanisms need to be pinpointed. SIGN-R1 is one of five recently identified mouse genes that are homologous to human DC-SIGN and encode a single, external, C-terminal C-type lectin domain. We find that a polyclonal antibody to a specific SIGN-R1 peptide reacts primarily and strongly with a subset of macrophages in the marginal zone of spleen and lymph node medulla. In both sites, SIGN-R1 exists primarily in an aggregated form, resistant to dissociation into monomers upon boiling in SDS under reducing conditions. Upon transfection into …

Macrophages Control The Retention And Trafficking Of B Lymphocytes In The Splenic Marginal Zone, Mikael Karlsson, Rodolphe Renè Guinamard, Silvia M. Bolland

Publications

The marginal zone of the spleen is a precisely ordered region that contains specialized subsets of B lymphocytes and macrophages. Disruption of the negative signaling inositol phosphatase, SH2-containing inositol-5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP), results in the loss of marginal zone B cells (MZBs) with reorganization of marginal zone macrophages (MZMOs) to the red pulp of the spleen. This primary macrophage defect, as revealed by selectively depleting SHIP in myeloid cells shows that MZMOs are specifically required for the retention of MZBs. The MZMO phenotype was reverted in SHIP/Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) double knockout mice, thus identifying the Btk activating pathway as an …

Influenza Virus-Induced Dendritic Cell Maturation Is Associated With The Induction Of Strong T Cell Immunity To A Coadministered, Normally Nonimmunogenic Protein, Marie K. Brimnes, Laura C. Bonifaz, Ralph M. Steinman, Thomas M. Moran

Publications

We evaluated the proposal that during microbial infection, dendritic cells (DCs) undergo maturation and present a mixture of peptides derived from the microbe as well as harmless environmental antigens. Mice were exposed to an aerosol of endotoxin free ovalbumin (OVA) in the absence or presence of influenza virus. In its absence, OVA failed to induce B and T cell responses and even tolerized, but with influenza, OVA-specific antibodies and CD8⁺ cytolytic T lymphocytes developed. With or without infection, OVA was presented selectively in the draining mediastinal lymph nodes, as assessed by the comparable proliferation of infused, CD8⁺ and …

Activation Of Natural Killer T Cells By Α-Galactosylceramide Rapidly Induces The Full Maturation Of Dendritic Cells In Vivo And Thereby Acts As An Adjuvant For Combined Cd4 And Cd8 T Cell Immunity To A Coadministered Protein, Shinichiro Fujii, Kanako Shimizu, Carol L. Smith

Publications

The maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) allows these antigen-presenting cells to initiate immunity. We pursued this concept in situ by studying the adjuvant action α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) in mice. A single i.v. injection of glycolipid induced the full maturation of splenic DCs, beginning within 4 h. Maturation was manifest by marked increases in costimulator and major histocompatibility complex class II expression, interferon (IFN)-γ production, and stimulation of the mixed leukocyte reaction. These changes were not induced directly by αGalCer but required natural killer T (NKT) cells acting independently of the MyD88 adaptor protein. To establish that DC maturation was responsible for …

Direct Expansion Of Functional Cd25+ Cd4+ Regulatory T Cells By Antigen-Processing Dendritic Cells, Sayuri Yarmazaki, Sayuri Yamazaki, Tomonori Iyoda, Kristin V. Tarbell

Publications

An important pathway for immune tolerance is provided by thymic-derived CD25⁺ CD4⁺ T cells that suppress other CD25^- autoimmune disease-inducing T cells. The antigen-presenting cell (APC) requirements for the control of CD25⁺ CD4⁺ suppressor T cells remain to be identified, hampering their study in experimental and clinical situations. CD25⁺ CD4⁺ T cells are classically anergic, unable to proliferate in response to mitogenic antibodies to the T cell receptor complex. We now find that CD25⁺ CD4⁺ T cells can proliferate in the absence of added cytokines in culture and in vivo when …

Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells, Ralph M. Steinman, Daniel Hawiger, Michel C. Nussenzweig

Publications

Dendritic cells (DCs) have several functions in innate and adaptive immunity. In addition, there is increasing evidence that DCs in situ induce antigen-specific unresponsiveness or tolerance in central lymphoid organs and in the periphery. In the thymus DCs generate tolerance by deleting self-reactive T cells. In peripheral lymphoid organs DCs also induce tolerance to antigens captured by receptors that mediate efficient uptake of proteins and dying cells. Uptake by these receptors leads to the constitutive presentation of antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II products. In the steady state the targeting of DC antigen capture receptors with …

Dendritic Cells Charged With Apoptotic Tumor Cells Induce Long-Lived Protective Cd4+ And Cd8+ T Cell Immunity Against B16 Melanoma, Romina S. Goldszmid, Juliana Idoyaga, Alicia Inès Bravo

Publications

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent APCs and attractive vectors for cancer immunotherapy. Using the B16 melanoma, a poorly immunogenic experimental tumor that expresses low levels of MHC class I products, we investigated whether DCs loaded ex vivo with apoptotic tumor cells could elicit combined CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell dependent, long term immunity following injection into mice. The bone marrow-derived DCs underwent maturation during overnight coculture with apoptotic melanoma cells. Following injection, DCs migrated to the draining lymph nodes comparably to control DCs at a level corresponding to ∼0.5% of the injected inoculum. Mice vaccinated with tumor-loaded DCs …

Taking Care Of Business In The Age Of Hermes , Bernie Neville

Trickster's Way

No abstract provided.

Winter 2003, Seattle University

Seattle University News (Sun)

No abstract provided.

Aquilegia, Vol. 27 No. 3, August 2003: Newsletter Of The Colorado Native Plant Society, Alice Guthrie, Pat Butler

Aquilegia - Colorado Native Plant Society

No abstract provided.

The Effectiveness Of The Secondary Weapon Of The West Virginia State Police, Jesse Andrew Davis

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The present study examines the effectiveness of the West Virginia State Troopers’ secondary weapon, Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) pepper spray (CAP-STUN®), as a means of alternative use of force for non-cooperative subjects. The WV State Police have adopted OC in an effort to reduce the number and severity of injuries sustained by suspects. This method was adopted as an optional means to effect arrests through non-lethal force. The use of OC can control and restrain individuals while causing the least possible harm to the individuals without increasing danger to troopers or others. Questionnaires were sent to West Virginia State Troopers for …

An Analysis Of The Relationships Between The Perceived Organizational Climate And Professional Burnout In Libraries And Computing Centers In West Virginia Public Higher Education Institutions, Arnold R. Miller

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between the perceived organizational climate and professional burnout in libraries and computing services units in West Virginia higher education. Research questions were defined to investigate the differences between libraries and computing services units in the perceived organizational climate, professional burnout, organizational climate vs. burnout, demographics vs. organizational climate, demographics vs. burnout, and the combined effects of demographics and organizational climate upon burnout. The Work Environment Scale (WES) Form R, third edition, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) HSS, third edition, and a demographic questionnaire measured the organizational climate, burnout, and demographics. …

Comparing Behavior Assessment Measures With Behavior Specific Responses To Assess Aggression In First-Time Expectant Fathers, Lynn Allen

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Thirty- four randomly recruited first-time expectant fathers, ages 20 years to 40 years, were administered a battery of survey questions each trimester of their wives’ pregnancy. This study compared Behavior Assessment Measures (Clinical Anxiety Scale, Selfism-Scale, and the Index of Self-Esteem) to Behavior Specific Measures (Non-Physical Abuse of Partner Scale and the Aggression Inventory) to see if any correlations exist among the test data. The study is trying to identify specific test or survey questions that measure attitudinal or behavioral changes in first-time expectant fathers over the nine months of their spouse’s pregnancy. The results indicated a statistically significant correlation …

Detection Of Forces And Body Load In Standing And Walking In The American Cockroach, J. Adam Noah

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Sense organs in the legs that detect body weight are an important component in the regulation of posture and locomotion. This thesis seeks to gain an understanding of how body weight is detected by sense organs of the legs, and determine how this information influences muscle activities in standing and walking. The first study tested the ability of tibial campaniform sensilla (receptors that monitor forces in the cockroach leg) to encode variations in body load using magnets attached to the thorax. Recordings of sensory activities in freely standing animals showed that proximal tibial sensilla (oriented perpendicular to the leg long …

Phosphoproteomic Studies Of Smooth Muscle Contraction: Investigation Of Differential Phosphorylation In Relaxed/Contracted Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Tissue Using Maldi-Tof Ms, Tonya M. Pekar

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Many human disorders are associated with the malfunction of smooth muscle tissue, or are related to the capabilities of its proper function—asthma, glaucoma, renal inefficiency, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Dysfunctional proteins are frequently implicated as the source of such disorders. As the second highest cause of death in the United States, the epidemic of cardiovascular disease makes the study of smooth muscle of utmost concern.

The capabilities of proteomics and mass spectrometry allow the entire proteome complement of a cell or tissue type to be analyzed at once. This investigation employs such techniques in an effort to better understand the …

Investigations Of Supramolecular And Catalytic Properties Of Ppi Dendrimers, Aaron K. Holley

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The research reported in this thesis focused on supramolecular and catalytic properties of poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers. Analytical techniques used in this research included high resolution NMR spectroscopy, as well as UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies and scanning electron microscopy. This investigation showed that: (1) PPI dendrimers interact with diacids to form interlock self-assemblies by electrostatic interactions (with an increase in dendrimer generation, smaller diacids are required to form the most efficient self-assembly); (2) PPI/diacid self-assemblies are able to encapsulate fluorescent dyes within the void spaces of the PPI/diacid moieties; (3) PPI-3 can chelate many types of metal cations, and these …

Mary Colter: Southwestern Architect And Innovator Of Indigenous Style, Carissa Massey

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Mary Colter was an architect who contributed to the regional styles of the American Southwest. Her methods and habits, both as collector and creator, set her apart from her contemporaries as an individual who fervently valued indigenous art and culture. She thoroughly researched Southwestern cultures and used their architectural forms and methods of construction as inspiration for her architecture for tourists. Colter honored Southwestern traditions through her careful research and attention to detail. She was an architect who was passionate about her work and who designed buildings that were and are aesthetically potent. Colter’s unique works, their intimate relationships with …

Mountaintop Removal: An Assessment Of The Propaganda Model Of The News Media, Tonya Lynn Adkins

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This research used the method of content analysis to examine how the issue of mountaintop removal mining was presented in four print media sources: the Logan Banner, the Charleston Gazette, the Herald Dispatch, and Graffiti. The propaganda model put forth in Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media, by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky, was used as the model upon which the research was based.

The purpose of the research was to determine whether or not the coal industry exerts a form of censorship over print media sources in West Virginia. It also sought to determine if there …

The Neural Connectivity Of The Torus Semicircularis In The Cave Dwelling Form Of Astyanax Fasciatus, Timothy B. Angel

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Afferent projections of the torus semicircularis were traced in the blind cave form of Astyanax fasciatus using HRP tract-tracing techniques, and the results were compared to those found in previous studies of closely related sighted teleosts.

Following unilateral injections of tracer to the nucleus centralis of the torus semicircularis, retrogradely labeled cells were found in two octaval nuclei of the medulla. The descending octavolateralis nucleus was labeled bilaterally and the anterior octaval nucleus was labeled primarily on the ipsilateral side. Both the descending and anterior octavolateralis nuclei are known to receive auditory input from CN VIII in sighted fish. In …

The Characterization Of Two Differentially Expressed Plasma Proteins In Obese Versus Lean Rats In Two Rodent Models Of Obesity, Roger D. Boggs

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Zucker fa and La/N faf rats are widely studied models of genetic obesity and its complications. These two rodent models of obesity were utilized to search for a circulating protein marker for obesity. Plasma samples from both of these models of obesity were collected and analyzed via SDS-PAGE analysis. Two proteins were found which demonstrate differential expression between lean and obese rats. Both proteins demonstrated increased expression in the obese rats compared to the lean. One differentially expressed protein migrated on SDS-PAGE gels at 116 KD while the second migrated at 22 KD compared to molecular weight markers. The 22 …

A Mechanistic Study In The Nephrotoxicity Of P-Aminophenol, R. Christopher Harmon

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The acetaminophen metabolite, p-aminophenol (PAP), is a known nephrotoxicant. The current study is directed at understanding the mechanism of this nephrotoxicity. Renal cortical slices isolated from F344 rats were incubated with 0 – 0.5 mM PAP with or without pretreatments. Renal slices exposed to PAP showed toxicity as measured by increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage (LDH), decreased pyruvate-stimulated gluconeogenesis, and decreased total adenine nucleotides. There was, however, an increase in ATP as percent of total, implying maintained mitochondrial function. These data show that PAP is directly toxic to renal cortical slices. Pretreatment with EDTA or EGTA provided protection from PAP- induced …

Profile Of A Distributed Learning Curriculum For Adult Education As Perceived By Students, Taella M. Hill

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to examine distributed learning in higher education. It was also the intention of this study to describe the profiles of graduate students opting to utilize the delivery modes associated with distributed learning and to assess their overall satisfaction with their experiences. Findings indicated that given options, students are more likely to select methods of instruction best suited to their particular needs. The qualitative data obtained through the study revealed a need for institutions to consider student feedback when making decisions on the direction their distributed learning programs will take in the future.

Abiotic Factors Influencing The Breeding, Movement, And Foraging Of The Eastern Spadefoot (Scaphiopus Holbrookii) In West Virginia, Keith A. Johnson

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Haphazard searches and telemetry methods were used to track movements and habitat use of two recently discovered and only known populations of Scaphiopus holbrookii in West Virginia. It was the purpose of this study to determine the home range and habitat use of S. holbrookii. Toads were found to forage a mean distance of 13.5 in. (34.5 cm) from their burrows. Habitat consisted of open areas with soil textures of sandy loam, loamy sand, or sand. Radio- transmitters were surgically implanted in two specimens from one breeding site to provide data about habitat use and emergence. Data loggers were installed …

Beads In The Straits Settlements: Trade And Domestic Demand, 1827-1937, Hwei-Fe'n Cheah

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

Beads have long been a part of the exchange of goods in Southeast. Indo-Pacific beads were traded in Southeast Asia and colored beads from China were exchanged for spices and forest products from the Indonesian archipelago. The Straits Settlements, comprising the ports of Singapore, Malacca, and Penang, was formed in 1826, to consolidate the trading position of the British in Southeast Asia. Singapore, in particular, developed into a major entrepot of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Research by the late Peter Francis, Jr., drew attention to its role as a channel for a part of the Southeast Asian bead …

Two Centuries Of Iroquois Beadwork, Dolores N. Elliott

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

To the 16th-century Iroquois living in what is now central New York state, European glass trade beads were something special; they were believed to have had magical and spiritual meaning. To this day, the Iroquois have a special relationship with glass beads. Iroquois artists began creating three-dimensional beaded items in the late 18th century. The first beaded pincushions and wall pockets were small, but they increased in size and quantity during the 19th century. Two centers of beadwork making arose: one around Niagara Falls in western New York and southern Ontario, and the other around Montreal in southern Quebec and …

Reviews And End Matter

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

Beadwork: A World Guide, by Caroline Crabtree and Pam Stallebrass (2002), reviewed by Margret Carey

A Bead Timeline. Volume I: Prehistory to 1200 CE, by James W. Lankton (2003), reviewed by Marilee Wood

Amber in Archaeology, Curt W. Beck, Ilze B. Loze, and Joan M. Todd (eds.) (2003), reviewed by Karlis Karklins.

Beads: Journal Of The Society Of Bead Researchers - Volume 15 (Complete)

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

No abstract provided.

Optimization Using Particle Swarms With Near Neighbor Interactions, Kalyan Veeramachaneni, Thanmaya Peram, Chilukuri K. Mohan, Lisa Ann Osadciw

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship

This paper presents a modification of the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) intended to combat the problem of premature convergence observed in many applications of PSO. In the new algorithm, each particle is attracted towards the best previous positions visited by its neighbors, in addition to the other aspects of particle dynamics in PSO. This is accomplished by using the ratio of the relative fitness and the distance of other particles to determine the direction in which each component of the particle position needs to be changed. The resulting algorithm, known as Fitness-Distance-Ratio based PSO (FDR-PSO), is shown to perform …

Exposure Of Nervous System Cells To Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) Results In Significant Alterations In Levels Of Expression Of Neurotrophic Factors, Charles F. Ide, Jay C. Means, Trisha M. Basford, John Spitsbergen

Biological Sciences Faculty and Graduate Student Research

Toxic insult by PCBs results in learning and memory deficits in humans. Alterations in expression of neurotrophic factors and/or their receptors have been linked to changes in cognition. How PCBs affect cognition is not known. We propose that PCBs affect cognition by altering neurotrophic factor expression or effects. We exposed cultured C6 glial cells in medium containing PCB (Aroclor 1254 (10ppm)). Control cells were treated with DMSO or regular medium. Cells were incubated at 37o C for up to 72 hours. Medium samples were taken at 6hr, 24hr, 48hr, and 72hr intervals. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to determine …

A Comparative Look At Anti-Stalking Legislation In The United States And Japan, Nga B. Tran

UC Law SF International Law Review

Even with anti-stalking laws in place in the United States, the persistence of stalking crimes is alarming. Providing victims with maximum protection under a legal system requires drafting constitutionally valid statutes, mandatory police education and training on the subject and prevention and early intervention. In addition, comparing the anti-stalking laws in the United States with the newly implemented anti-stalking laws in Japan, which have been very effective in curbing the activities of stalkers, leads to the conclusion that anti-stalking laws in the U.S. should incorporate many of Japan's victim-oriented measures.