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2002

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Saudi Medical Journal 2001, Another Year Of Success, Basim A. Yaqub Jan 2002

Saudi Medical Journal 2001, Another Year Of Success, Basim A. Yaqub

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

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Stat6 Mediates Interleukin-4 Growth Inhibition In Human Breast Cancer Cells, Jennifer L. Gooch, B. Christy, D. Yee Jan 2002

Stat6 Mediates Interleukin-4 Growth Inhibition In Human Breast Cancer Cells, Jennifer L. Gooch, B. Christy, D. Yee

PCOM Scholarly Works

In addition to acting as a hematopoietic growth factor, interleukin-4 (IL-4) inhibits growth of some transformed cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we show that insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) are phosphorylated following IL-4 treatment in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. STAT6 DNA binding is enhanced by IL-4 treatment. STAT6 activation occurs even after IRS-1 depletion, suggesting the two pathways are independent. To examine the role of STAT6 in IL-4-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis, a full-length STAT6 cDNA was transfected into MCF-7 cells. Transient overexpression of STAT6 resulted in …

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Captive Dolphins, Tursiops Truncatus, Develop Signature Whistles That Match Acoustic Features Of Human-Made Model Sounds, Jennifer L. Miksis, Peter L. Tyack, John R. Buck Jan 2002

Captive Dolphins, Tursiops Truncatus, Develop Signature Whistles That Match Acoustic Features Of Human-Made Model Sounds, Jennifer L. Miksis, Peter L. Tyack, John R. Buck

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

This paper presents a cross-sectional study testing whether dolphins that are born in aquarium pools where they hear trainers’ whistles develop whistles that are less frequency modulated than those of wild dolphins. Ten pairs of captive and wild dolphins were matched for age and sex. Twenty whistles were sampled from each dolphin. Several traditional acoustic features (total duration, duration minus any silent periods, etc.) were measured for each whistle, in addition to newly defined flatness parameters: total flatness ratio (percentage of whistle scored as unmodulated), and contiguous flatness ratio (duration of longest flat segment divided by total duration). The durations …

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Wave Kinematics At High Sea States, David Farmer, Li Ding, Donald Booth, Martin Lohmann Jan 2002

Wave Kinematics At High Sea States, David Farmer, Li Ding, Donald Booth, Martin Lohmann

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Measurements of currents close to the ocean surface and within the crests of large, steep waves have been acquired with an incoherent bistatic sonar mounted on the seafloor. The sonar uses a single narrow-beam transmitter/receiver and three fan-beam receivers set in a triangular configuration around the source. Acoustic pulses transmitted from the seafloor are scattered by bubble clouds and the sea surface to the four receivers and may be transformed into velocity components as a function of elevation. Individual estimates of the currents at, and close to, the surface are made with sufficient temporal resolution to identify kinematics in the …

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On The Relative Role Of Convection, Chemistry, And Transport Over The South Pacific Convergence Zone During Pem-Tropics B: A Case Study, Céline Mari, Carine Saüt, Daniel J. Jacob, Amanda Staudt, Melody A. Avery, William H. Brune, Ian Faloona, Brian G. Heikes, Glen W. Sachse, Scott T. Sandholm, Hanwant B. Singh, David Tan Jan 2002

On The Relative Role Of Convection, Chemistry, And Transport Over The South Pacific Convergence Zone During Pem-Tropics B: A Case Study, Céline Mari, Carine Saüt, Daniel J. Jacob, Amanda Staudt, Melody A. Avery, William H. Brune, Ian Faloona, Brian G. Heikes, Glen W. Sachse, Scott T. Sandholm, Hanwant B. Singh, David Tan

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

A mesoscale 3D model (Meso‐NH) is used to assess the relative importance of convection (transport and scavenging), chemistry, and advection in the vertical redistribution of HOx and their precursors in the upper tropical troposphere. The study is focused on marine deep convection over the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) during the PEM‐Tropics B Flight 10 aircraft mission. The model reproduces well the HOx mixing ratios. Vertical variations and the contrast between north and south of the SPCZ for O3 are captured. Convection uplifted O3‐poor air at higher altitude, creating a minimum in the 9–12 km …

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Occurrence And Mechanisms Of Formation Of A Dramatic Thin Layer Of Marine Snow In A Shallow Pacific Fjord, Alice L. Alldredge, Timothy J. Cowles, Sally Macintyre, Jan E. B. Rines, Percy L. Donaghay, Charles F. Greenlaw, D. V. Holliday, Margaret M. Dekshenieks, James M. Sullivan, J. Ronald V. Zaneveld Jan 2002

Occurrence And Mechanisms Of Formation Of A Dramatic Thin Layer Of Marine Snow In A Shallow Pacific Fjord, Alice L. Alldredge, Timothy J. Cowles, Sally Macintyre, Jan E. B. Rines, Percy L. Donaghay, Charles F. Greenlaw, D. V. Holliday, Margaret M. Dekshenieks, James M. Sullivan, J. Ronald V. Zaneveld

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Huge accumulations of diatom-dominated marine snow (aggregates >0.5 mm in diameter) were observed in a layer approximately 50 cm thick persisting over a 24 h period in a shallow fjord in the San Juan Islands, Washington, USA. The layer was associated with the 22.4 σt density surface. A second thin layer of elevated phytoplankton concentration located at a density discontinuity 1.5 to 2 m above the marine snow layer occurred within a dense diatom bloom near the surface. At the end of the study period, isopycnals shoaled and the 2 layers merged. More than 80% of the diatom bloom …

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Direct Measurements Of Light Attenuation By Epiphytes On Eelgrass Zostera Marina, Mark J. Brush, Scott W. Nixon Jan 2002

Direct Measurements Of Light Attenuation By Epiphytes On Eelgrass Zostera Marina, Mark J. Brush, Scott W. Nixon

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Declines in the seagrass Zostera marina L. in estuaries and lagoons have been attributed in part to reductions in irradiance reaching the seagrass blades. Epiphytes growing on Z. marina have the potential to attenuate a large fraction of the light that would otherwise reach the blades. This problem has previously been studied by measuring light penetration through homogenized epiphytic slurries or through glass slides fouled with epiphytes. However, the latter may not represent the natural succession or species composition found on live Z. marina leaves and the former does not preserve the structure of the epiphytic complex. Further, past studies …

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A Critical Evaluation Of Interlaboratory Data On Total, Elemental, And Isotopic Carbon In The Carbonaceous Particle Reference Material, Nist Srm 1649a, L. A. Currie, B. A. Benner Jr., J. D. Kessler, D. R. Klinedinst, G. A. Klouda, J. V. Marolf, J. F. Slater, S. A. Wise, H. Cachier, R. Cary, J. C. Chow, J. Watson, E. R. M. Druffel, C. A. Masiello, T. I. Eglinton, A. Pearson, C. M. Reddy, Ö. Gustafsson, James G. Quinn, P. C. Hartmann, J. I. Hedges, K. M. Prentice, T. W. Kirchstetter, T. Novakow, H. Puxbaum, H. Schmid Jan 2002

A Critical Evaluation Of Interlaboratory Data On Total, Elemental, And Isotopic Carbon In The Carbonaceous Particle Reference Material, Nist Srm 1649a, L. A. Currie, B. A. Benner Jr., J. D. Kessler, D. R. Klinedinst, G. A. Klouda, J. V. Marolf, J. F. Slater, S. A. Wise, H. Cachier, R. Cary, J. C. Chow, J. Watson, E. R. M. Druffel, C. A. Masiello, T. I. Eglinton, A. Pearson, C. M. Reddy, Ö. Gustafsson, James G. Quinn, P. C. Hartmann, J. I. Hedges, K. M. Prentice, T. W. Kirchstetter, T. Novakow, H. Puxbaum, H. Schmid

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Invalidity Of Icann's Udrp Under National Law, Holger P. Hestermeyer Jan 2002

The Invalidity Of Icann's Udrp Under National Law, Holger P. Hestermeyer

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

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Where To Draw The Line Between Reverse Engineering And Infringement: Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc., Derek Prestin Jan 2002

Where To Draw The Line Between Reverse Engineering And Infringement: Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc., Derek Prestin

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

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The Application Of Collateral Estoppel To Markman Rulings: The Search For Logical And Effective Preclusion Of Patent Claim Constructions, Timothy Le Duc Jan 2002

The Application Of Collateral Estoppel To Markman Rulings: The Search For Logical And Effective Preclusion Of Patent Claim Constructions, Timothy Le Duc

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

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Jack And The Beanstalk: Property Rights In Genetically Modified Plants, Nathan A. Busch Jan 2002

Jack And The Beanstalk: Property Rights In Genetically Modified Plants, Nathan A. Busch

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

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To Use Or Not To Use: Reforming Patent Infringement, The Public Use Bar, And The Experimental Use Doctrine As Applied To Clinical Testing Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Device Invention, Shashank Upadhye Jan 2002

To Use Or Not To Use: Reforming Patent Infringement, The Public Use Bar, And The Experimental Use Doctrine As Applied To Clinical Testing Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Device Invention, Shashank Upadhye

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

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Treating Persons As Ends In Themselves: The Legal Implications Of A Kantian Principle, R. George Wright Jan 2002

Treating Persons As Ends In Themselves: The Legal Implications Of A Kantian Principle, R. George Wright

University of Richmond Law Review

In one of the most stirring passages in modern ethics, Immanuel Kant famously enjoins: "act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means." Precisely what Kant means here, however, is not entirely clear. More than one interpretation of this formula is possible. But the importance of Kant's "formula of ends" in modern moral philosophy is impossi- ble to deny.

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Signaling, Legitimacy, And Compliance: A Comment On Posner's Law And Social Norms And Criminal Law Policy, Tracey L. Meares Jan 2002

Signaling, Legitimacy, And Compliance: A Comment On Posner's Law And Social Norms And Criminal Law Policy, Tracey L. Meares

University of Richmond Law Review

Although criminal law can be justified with respect to non-utilitarian goals such as retribution, no one can deny that one way to justify criminal law is with respect to the instrumental ends of deterrence. So, one question of interest to scholars in the field has been how to think about the kinds of criminal law policy that encourage compliance. My own work has focused on this important question. Specifically, I have been concerned with the ways in which different kinds of criminal proscriptions, along with certain methods of law enforcement, could affect crime rates in disadvantaged, urban neighborhoods. In undertaking …

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I'Ll Take My Sin Taxes Unwrapped And Maximized, With A Side Of Inelasticity, Please, David J. Depippo Jan 2002

I'Ll Take My Sin Taxes Unwrapped And Maximized, With A Side Of Inelasticity, Please, David J. Depippo

University of Richmond Law Review

Why tax? Are taxes truly "what we pay for [a] civilized society?" Or, are taxes merely collected "to pay for the responsibilities we have assigned to our [g]overnment?" Despite the debate that might erupt over whether the implementation of responsible government is synonymous with the promotion of civilized society, all entities need money to operate. The government is no different. So, while the initial answer to the opening question is simple, it only begs the more serious of inquiries; the government having the power to tax, so, what shall be taxed?

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Invitation For Proposals For 2002 Annual Meeting, Mary K. Bendixen-Noe, Kim Metcalf Jan 2002

Invitation For Proposals For 2002 Annual Meeting, Mary K. Bendixen-Noe, Kim Metcalf

Mid-Western Educational Researcher

Invitation for Proposals

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Invitation For Proposals For 2002 Annual Meeting, Mary K. Bendixen-Noe, Kim Metcalf Jan 2002

Invitation For Proposals For 2002 Annual Meeting, Mary K. Bendixen-Noe, Kim Metcalf

Mid-Western Educational Researcher

Invitation for Proposals

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Cover And Contents Jan 2002

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Biology

No abstract provided.

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Novel Approach To Mass Tort Class Actions: The Billion Dollar Settlement In The Sulzer Artificial Hip And Knee Litigation: A Symposium, Susan J. Becker, R. Eric Kennedy, Kathleen Mcdonald O'Malley The Honorable, Sidney A. Backstrom Jan 2002

Novel Approach To Mass Tort Class Actions: The Billion Dollar Settlement In The Sulzer Artificial Hip And Knee Litigation: A Symposium, Susan J. Becker, R. Eric Kennedy, Kathleen Mcdonald O'Malley The Honorable, Sidney A. Backstrom

Journal of Law and Health

This is a transcript of a two hour symposium which deals with the Sulzer knee and hip replacement class action. A copy of the settlement is included as an appendix. The settlement in the U.S. District Court for the N.D. Ohio was unique and creative approach to resolving a mass tort class action. In a novel move, Sulzer agreed to open its books to an independent review firm to determine how much the firm could pay without going bankrupt. The number was $1 billion. As negotiated by the parties and approved by the court, the final settlement provides compensation for …

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Broke Or Exploited: The Real Reason Behind Artist Bankruptcies, Risa C. Letowsky Jan 2002

Broke Or Exploited: The Real Reason Behind Artist Bankruptcies, Risa C. Letowsky

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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2002-2003 Lindenwood University Graduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University Jan 2002

2002-2003 Lindenwood University Graduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University

Course Catalogs

Lindenwood University Graduate Course Catalog

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2002-2003 Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University Jan 2002

2002-2003 Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University

Course Catalogs

Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog

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Estimation Of Diffusion Coefficient Of Lithium In Carbon Using Ac Impedance Technique, Qingzhi Guo, Venkat R. Subramanian, John W. Weidner, Ralph E. White Jan 2002

Estimation Of Diffusion Coefficient Of Lithium In Carbon Using Ac Impedance Technique, Qingzhi Guo, Venkat R. Subramanian, John W. Weidner, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

The validity of estimating the solid phase diffusion coefficient, Ds, of a lithium intercalation electrode from impedance measurement by a modified electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method is studied. A macroscopic porous electrode model and concentrated electrolyte theory are used to simulate the synthetic impedance data. The modified EIS method is applied for estimating Ds. The influence of parameters such as the exchange current density, radius of active material particle, solid phase conductivity, porosity, volume fraction of inert material, and thickness of the porous carbon intercalation electrode, the solution phase diffusion coefficient, and transference number, on the …

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Using Sputter Deposition To Increase Co Tolerance In A Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Andrew T. Haug, Ralph E. White, John W. Weidner, Wayne Huang, Steven Shi, Narender Rana, Stephan Grunow, Timothy C. Stoner, Alain E. Kaloyeros Jan 2002

Using Sputter Deposition To Increase Co Tolerance In A Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Andrew T. Haug, Ralph E. White, John W. Weidner, Wayne Huang, Steven Shi, Narender Rana, Stephan Grunow, Timothy C. Stoner, Alain E. Kaloyeros

Faculty Publications

Placing a layer of Ru atop a Pt anode increases the carbon monoxide tolerance of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells when oxygen is added to the fuel stream. Sputter-deposited Ru filter anodes composed of a single Ru layer and three Ru layers separated by Nafion-carbon ink, respectively, were compared to Pt, Pt:Ru alloy, and an ink-based Ru filter anodes. The amount of Pt in each anode was 0.15 mg/cm2 and the amount of Ru in each Ru-containing anode was 0.080 mg/cm2. For an anode feed consisting of hydrogen, 200 ppm CO, and 2% O2 (in the form …

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Increasing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Effectiveness Through Sputter Deposition, Andrew T. Haug, Ralph E. White, John W. Weidner, Wayne Huang, Steven Shi, Timothy Stoner, Narender Rana Jan 2002

Increasing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Effectiveness Through Sputter Deposition, Andrew T. Haug, Ralph E. White, John W. Weidner, Wayne Huang, Steven Shi, Timothy Stoner, Narender Rana

Faculty Publications

Sputter deposition has been investigated as a tool for manufacturing proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) electrodes with improved performance and catalyst utilization vs. ink-based electrodes. Sputter-depositing a single layer of Pt on the gas diffusion layer provided better performance (0.28 A/cm2 at 0.6 V) than sputtering the Pt directly onto a Nafion membrane (0.065 A/cm2 at 0.6 V) and equaled the performance of the baseline for an equivalent Pt loading. Sputter-depositing alternating layers of Pt and Nafion-carbon ink (NCI) onto the membrane did not increase the performance over the baseline as measured in amperes per centimeter squared due …

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Ability Of Native American Tribes To Waive Their Tribal Sovereign Immunity In Clear And Unequivocal Contracts To Arbitrate - C&(And)L Enterprises, Inc. V. Citizen Band Potawatomie Tribe Of Oklahoma, The, Emily J. Huitsing Jan 2002

Ability Of Native American Tribes To Waive Their Tribal Sovereign Immunity In Clear And Unequivocal Contracts To Arbitrate - C&(And)L Enterprises, Inc. V. Citizen Band Potawatomie Tribe Of Oklahoma, The, Emily J. Huitsing

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Native American tribes enjoy immunity from suits on contracts made on or off a reservation.2 A tribe is subject to suit only if it has clearly waived its immunity or Congress has expressly authorized the suit.' Tribal immunity was given to the tribes on the principle that tribes are sovereigns or quasi sovereigns enjoying immunity from judicial attack absent their consent.4 The purpose of tribal sovereignty, according to the Supreme Court, is to promote tribal economic development and self-sufficiency.5 Though the Court has expressed its dissatisfaction with the doctrine in light of increased tribal economic self-sufficiency through successful business ventures, …

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Simulating Shape Changes During Electrodeposition: Primary And Secondary Current Distribution, Venkat R. Subramanian, Ralph E. White Jan 2002

Simulating Shape Changes During Electrodeposition: Primary And Secondary Current Distribution, Venkat R. Subramanian, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

A technique based on the analytical method of lines is presented for predicting shape changes during electrodeposition. The technique is presented for both primary and secondary current distributions. The method presented does not require iterations for nonlinear Butler-Volmer boundary conditions or changing electrode shapes. The technique is based on a semianalytical method developed earlier for predicting current distributions in electrochemical cells. This technique is attractive because it provides a symbolic solution for the Laplace equation, and hence requires less computation time to perform case studies.

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Electrochemical Filtering Of Co From Fuel-Cell Reformate, Balasubramanian Lakshmanan, Wayne Huang, John W. Weidner Jan 2002

Electrochemical Filtering Of Co From Fuel-Cell Reformate, Balasubramanian Lakshmanan, Wayne Huang, John W. Weidner

Faculty Publications

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell was used as a flow reactor for continuous preferential oxidation of CO over H2 from 1.0% CO in H2 under pulse-potential control. By varying the pulse profile ~e.g., on-time, off-time, pulse potential! the CO and H2 oxidation currents were varied independently. The improvement in faradaic selectivity between CO and H2 oxidation results from the promotion of CO adsorption during the off ~i.e., open-circuit! portion of the pulse. Therefore, during the on portion CO oxidation was preferred while the surface was covered with CO.

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Anodic Behavior Of Ti In Koh Solutions: Ellipsometric And Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Studies, A. Prusi, Lj. Arsov, Bala Haran, Branko N. Popov Jan 2002

Anodic Behavior Of Ti In Koh Solutions: Ellipsometric And Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Studies, A. Prusi, Lj. Arsov, Bala Haran, Branko N. Popov

Faculty Publications

Anodic formation of oxide films on titanium surfaces, in various concentrations of aqueous KOH solutions, have been studied using ellipsometry and micro-Raman spectroscopy. By in situ ellipsometric measurements the coefficient of film thickness growth and indexes of refraction of anodic oxide films have been determined. The voltage at which the oxide film breaks down is strongly dependent on the KOH concentration. Further, the solution concentration strongly influences the potential at which the oxide film is transformed from the amorphous state to crystalline form. Using micro-Raman spectroscopy four crystalline forms of titanium oxides, namely, anatase, brookite, corundum, and rutile, have been …

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