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Mandating Effective Treatment For Drug Offenders, Lisa Rosenblum

UC Law Journal

Drug offense recidivism continues to plague our overburdened criminal justice system. Increases in sentencing and incarceration rates have done little to mitigate the problem. Given the unique nature of chemical addiction, traditional penal measures have been ineffective in deterring repeat offenders. Noting the failure of incarceration, this Note proposes that treatment and rehabilitation of drug offenders are more appropriate means of reducing illegal drug use. More specifically, this Note considers as models Arizona and California Acts that mandate substituting court-supervised drug treatment and education programs for incarceration. In advancing the rehabilitative ideal, these Acts have been more successful than previous …

Front Matter (Pdf), Journal Of Raptor Research

Journal of Raptor Research

No abstract provided.

Southeast Research And Extension Center 5-Year Issue-Based Review

Southeast Research and Extension Center: Reports and Administration

Director's Introduction

Demographic and Economic Profile of Southeastern Nebraska

Geography and Organization

Population

Agriculture

Income and Poverty

Commuting

Race and Ethnicity

Preface - Writing Team

Agriculture Issue Team Report

Acreage Team Report

Small/Medium Farm Team Report

Large Farm Team Report

Agribusiness/Consultants Team Report

Structure of Agriculture Report

Crops

Animal Agriculture

Agribusiness

Public Policy

Community Visions: Urban/Rural Issue Team Report

Environmental Sustainability Issue Team Report

Family Life Issue Team Report

Healthy Lifestyles Issue Team Report

Food Safety

Healthcare in Communities

Nutrition Education Program

Nutrition Through the Lifecycle

Youth Issue Team Report

Research in the Southeast District

Final Report of Focus Group …

Cross-Scale Structure And Scale Breaks In Ecosystems And Other Complex Systems, Craig R. Allen, C. S. Holling

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

The five articles in this special feature extend the discovery of regular patterns of deviation from scaling laws and from continuous distributions of attributes in ecosystems and other complex systems. These patterns suggest that these systems organize over discrete ranges of scale and that organization abruptly shifts with changes in scale. If this is so, scaling laws (for example, see West 1997, 1999; Zipf 1949) serve only as the baseline from which to measure those departures, and those departures indicate “scale breaks” (transitions) between scales of structure in complex systems. Patterns in the deviations from a scaling-law baseline may provide …

Variability Between Scales: Predictors Of Nomadism In Birds Of An Australian Mediterraneanclimate Ecosystem, Craig R. Allen, Denis A. Saunders

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

Nomadism in animals is a response to resource distributions that are highly variable in time and space. Using the avian fauna of the Mediterranean-climate region of southcentral Australia, we tested a number of variables to determine if they predicted nomadism. These variables were species body mass, the distance in body mass terms to the edge of a body mass aggregation, and diet (for example, seeds, invertebrates, nectar, or plants). We utilized two different classifications of the avifauna that diverged in their definition of nomadic to build two different predictive models. Using both classifications, distance to the edge of a body …

Cross-Scale Morphology, Craig R. Allen, C.S. Holling

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

The scaling of physical, biological, ecological and social phenomena has become a major focus of efforts to develop simple representations of complex systems. Much of the attention has been on discovering universal scaling laws that emerge from simple physical and geometric processes. But there are regular patterns of departures both from those scaling laws and from continuous distributions of attributes of systems; these departures often demonstrate the development of self-organized interactions between living systems and physical processes over narrower ranges of scale. Cross-scale morphology refers to morphological attributes of animals that are influenced by interaction with ecological structures and patterns …

Influence Of The Proximity And Amount Of Human Development And Roads On The Occurrence Of The Red Imported Fire Ant In The Lower Florida Keys, Elizabeth A. Forys, Craig R. Allen, Daniel P. Wojcik

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

We examined the influence of both the proximity and extent of human developments and paved roads on the presence of the predatory, non-indigenous, red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta). This species was inadvertently introduced into the United States at the port of Mobile, Alabama, around 1930 and rapidly spread to many southeastern states, including Florida. More recently, S. invicta colonized the Florida Keys, an area with a high proportion of rare and endemic vertebrate and invertebrate species. We placed bait transects in transitional salt-marsh, pineland, and hardwood hammocks on 13 of the lower Florida Keys and compared habitat …

Black Carp

National Invasive Species Council

What are black carp?

What do they look like?

Where are they from?

How Did They Get Here?

What impacts would they have on our aquatic habitats?

What is the Service doing about black carp?

What are the negative impacts of this ruling?

For More Information

Asian Carp

National Invasive Species Council

Four species of large Asian carps (grass, bighead, silver and black) have been imported into the U.S. for use in the aquaculture industry, and biologists are raising more and more concerns about their effect on native fish and shellfish when released or escaped to the wild. In fact, in the fall of 1999, fish kills in isolated ditches adjacent to the Upper Mississippi River on the Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge in southern Illinois included large numbers (97%) of Asian carps, but only one individual each of four native fish species. After that incident, reports came in of commercial fishermen …

Early Spatial And Temporal Validation Of Modis Lai Product In The Southern Africa Kalahari, J. L. Privette, R. B. Myneni, Y. Knyazikhin, M. Mukelabai, G. Roberts, Y. Tian, Y. Wang, S. G. Leblanc

United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications

We evaluate the operational MODIS Leaf Area Index (LAI) product using field-sampled data collected at five sites in southern Africa in March 2000. One site (Mongu, Zambia) was sampled monthly throughout the year. All sites were along the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme’s (IGBP) Kalahari Transect, which features progressively lower annual precipitation, and hence, lower vegetation productivity, from north to south. The soils are consistently sandy. At each site, we sampled the vegetation overstory along three 750-m transects using the Tracing Radiation and Architecture in Canopies (TRAC) instrument. The resulting plant area index values were adjusted with ancillary stem area data …

Implications Of Body Mass Patterns: Linking Ecological Structure And Process To Wildlife Conservation And Management, Jan P. Sendzimir, Craig R. Allen, Lance H. Gunderson, Craig A, Stow

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

The unprecedented scale of problems affecting wildlife ecology today overwhelms many managers. Challenges are no longer local in origin, but rather a tangle of local, regional and even global externalities often interacting in unpredictable ways. Previously isolated ecosystems have become increasingly connected at global, hemispheric and regional levels, eroding their integrity. Endocrine-disrupting compounds applied in Mexico have changed avian sexual development in the Great Lakes (Colborn et al. 1996). Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) reproduction in the Carpathian mountains falters when the color of newborns is no longer cryptic because climate change prematurely melts snow cover (K. Perzanowski, Polish Academy …

Assessing State-Wide Biodiversity In The Florida Gap Analysis Project, L. G. Pearlstine, S. E. Smith, L. A. Brandt, C. R. Allen, W. M. Kitchens, J. Stenberg

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

The Florida Gap (FI-Gap) project provides an assessment of the degree to which native animal species and natural communities are or are not represented in existing conservation lands. Those species and communities not adequately represented in areas being managed for native species constitute 'gaps' in the existing network of conservation lands. The United States Geological Survey Gap Analysis Program is a national effort and so, eventually, all 50 states will have completed it. The objective of FI-Gap was to provide broad geographic information on the status of terrestrial vertebrates, butterflies, skippers and ants and their respective habitats to address the …

Initial Mortality Of Black Bass In B.A.S.S. Fishing Tournaments, Gene R. Wilde, Calub E. Shavlik, Kevin L. Pope

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

We studied the initial mortality of black bass Micropterus spp. that were captured, weighed in, and released in fishing tournaments conducted by the Bass Anglers Sportsman Society between 1972 and 1998. Mean annual initial mortality (i.e., mortality before weigh-in and release) ranged from 1% to 30%. Initial mortality was greatest during the 1970s (15.2%) and decreased during the 1980s (5.7%) and 1990s (1.9%). Because initial mortality was uniformly low ( ≤5%) after 1982, we used results for 1983–1998 to assess relationships involving initial mortality. Initial mortality was correlated with bag size, mean fish weight per angler, and number of fish …

Functional Group Change Within And Across Scales Following Invasions And Extinctions In The Everglades Ecosystem, Elizabeth A. Forys, Craig R. Allen

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

Cross-scale resilience theory predicts that the combination of functional diversity within scales and functional redundancy across scales is an important attribute of ecosystems because it helps these systems resist minor ecological disruptions and regenerate after major disturbances such as hurricanes and fire. Using the vertebrate fauna of south Florida, we quantified how the loss of native species and invasion by nonnatives may alter functional group richness within and across scales. We found that despite large changes in species composition due to potential extinctions and successful invasions by nonnative species, functional group richness will not change significantly within scales, there will …

The Need For And Meaning Of Positive Organizational Behavior, Fred Luthans

Department of Management: Faculty Publications

This essay draws from the emerging positive psychology movement and the author’s recent articles on the need for and meaning of a positive approach to organizational behavior. Specifically, the argument is made that at this time, the OB field needs a proactive, positive approach emphasizing strengths, rather than continuing in the downward spiral of negativity trying to fix weaknesses. However, to avoid the surface positivity represented by the non-sustainable best-sellers, the case is made for positive organizational behavior (POB) to take advantage of the OB field’s strength of being theory and research driven. Additional criteria for this version of POB …

Dynamics Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Wild White-Tailed Deer In Michigan, Graham J. Hickling

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

In mid-2001, the author of this report was invited to undertake an exploratory analysis of Michigan Department of Natural Resources’ data on bovine tuberculosis (TB) infection in wild white-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern Lower Peninsula of the state. The aims of this analysis were:
• to quantify the geographic spread of tuberculous deer in Michigan;
• to investigate key factors influencing the prevalence of disease in the core of the infected area;
• to interpret the results in light of overseas experience with wildlife TB, with a view to
recommending how current management of the disease might …

Tonsillar Lesions In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Naturally Infected With Mycobacterium Bovis, M. V. Palmer, D. L. Whipple, K. L. Butler, S. D. Fitzgerald, C. S. Bruning-Fann, S. M. Schmitt

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

In 1994, a free-living white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Michigan was diagnosed with tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis (Schmitt and others 1997). Subsequent surveys conducted by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Michigan State University Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory identified an epidemic of M bovis infection in free-living white-tailed deer in northeast Michigan (Schmitt and others 1997, O'Brien and others 2001). This represents the first known reservoir of M bovis in free-living wildlife in the USA, and the first known epidemic of tuberculosis in white-tailed deer anywhere in the world.

Mycobacterium Bovis–Infected White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus): Detection Of Immunoglobulin Specific To Crude Mycobacterial Antigens By Elisa, W. Ray Waters, Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have recently emerged as a source of Mycobacterium bovis infection for cattle within North America. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibody response of M. bovis–infected deer to crude mycobacterial antigens. Deer were experimentally inoculated with M. bovis strain 1315 either by intratonsilar instillation or by exposure to M. bovis–infected (i.e., in contact) deer. To determine the time course of the response, including the effects of antigen administration for comparative cervical skin testing, serum was collected periodically and evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin (i.e., IgG heavy …

Nitric Oxide Production As An Indication Of Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), W. R. Waters, M. V. Palmer, R. E. Sacco, D. L. Whipple

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) are reservoirs for Mycobacterium bovis in northeast Michigan, USA. Production of nitric oxide (NO) by activated macrophages is a potent mechanism of mycobacterial killing. The capacity of macrophages to produce NO, however, varies among mammalian species. The objective of this study was to determine if mononuclear cells from white-tailed deer produce nitrite as an indication of NO production and, if so, is NO produced in response to stimulation with M. bovis antigens. Supernatants were harvested from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures that had been stimulated with either Mannheimia haemolytica lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or …

Bovine Tuberculosis In Michigan Wildlife And Livestock, Stephen M. Schmitt, Daniel J. O'Brien, Colleen S. Brunning-Fann, Scott D. Fitzgerald

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Since 1994, the state of Michigan has recognized a problem with bovine tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, in wild white-tailed deer from a 12-county area in northeastern Lower Michigan. A total of 65,000 free-ranging deer have been tested, and 340 have been found to be positive for M. bovis. The disease has been found in other wildlife species, and, in 1998, in domestic cattle, where to date 13 beef cattle and 2 dairy cattle herds have been diagnosed with bovine TB. Unfortunately, the situation is unique in that there have never been reports of self-sustaining bovine TB …

Now & Then (Volume 19, Issue 03, 2002), Center Of Excellence For Appalachian Studies And Services, East Tennessee State University

Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine

Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine, Volume 19, Issue 03, published in 2002. The theme of this issue is Paying Tribute. This issue focuses on remembrance and honoring those whose lives and work have shaped Appalachian culture, history, and community. Through tributes to influential writers, scholars, athletes, and everyday individuals, the articles and essays explore how memory preserves legacies and keeps the past alive. Contributors reflect on figures ranging from celebrated literary voices to family members and local leaders whose stories embody perseverance, creativity, and cultural stewardship. Accompanied by fiction, poetry, and reviews, the issue emphasizes storytelling as a …

State-Wide Forest Legacy Assessment Of Need For The Nebraska Forest Legacy Program, Western Environment And Ecology, Inc.

Nebraska Forest Service: Publications

The Forest Legacy Program (FLP) authorizes the USDA Forest Service or state governments to purchase permanent conservation easements on private forest lands and to prevent those lands from being converted to a non-forest use. The forest lands that contain important scenic, cultural, recreation resources, fish and wildlife habitats, water resources, and other ecological values that will support continued traditional forest uses receive priority. Those land owners that choose to participate in the program are required to follow a stewardship plan designed for their forest. Activities consistent with the management plan, including timber harvesting, grazing, and recreation activities, are permitted.

For …

Effects Of Predation And Environment On Quality Of Yellow Perch And Bluegill Populations In Nebraska Sandhill Lakes, Craig P. Paukert, David W. Willis, Joel A. Klammer

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Staff Research Publications

We investigated factors that may influence the quality (e.g., high abundance, size structure, condition, and growth) of yellow perch Perca flavescens and bluegill Lepomis macrochirus populations in Nebraska sandhill lakes. Physical (e.g., lake depth, vegetation coverage), chemical (e.g., alkalinity, conductivity), and biological (e.g., chlorophyll a, invertebrate abundance) characteristics of 30 natural lakes were determined in 1998 and 1999. Growth, condition, and size structure were not density-dependent for bluegills or yellow perch in these shallow (,4mmaximum depth) lakes. However, bluegill abundance, size structure, and condition were positively related to yellow perch abundance, size structure, and condition. Bluegill quality tended to …

Nebraska's Nature Compendium, Thomas E. Labedz

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

With attrition claiming many academic organismal biologists, and many institutions failing to replace them, it can be difficult for natural history novices to obtain basic information for broad geographic areas. Johnsgard conceived The Nature of Nebraska in response to a tenacious teacher and the needs of her fourth-grade class in Elwood, Nebraska. This book will help fill the need for persons, especially teachers, struggling to find basic information on Nebraska's natural history and guidance in natural history education.

Safari Through An African Slide Journal, Laura Andersen

University of Nebraska State Museum: Programs Information

Luella Buros first set foot on the African continent in 1956 when she arrived on the shores of Mombasa, Kenya. From Mombasa, she and her husband Oscar, who had won a senior Fulbright award, trekked across southern Kenya via Land Rover to Kampala, Uganda. They resided here for the year while Oscar taught statistics at Makerere University College. When Oscar was not working, they traveled extensively around Eastern Africa. However, Buros was no ordinary traveler. She was a meticulous record-keeper and logged her trips in a journal. Buros' talents also included photography, and throughout her trips to Africa and at …

Biomass And Nitrogen Traits Of Summer Pigeon Peas And Winter Wheat Grown For Three Rotations In Containers, Srinivas C. Rao, Charles T. Mackown, James E. Bidlack

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] cultivars, ‘Georgia-1’ and ‘ICPL-87’, were grown without inoculation and with Bradyrhizobium inoculation (multistrain, TAL 1127, or TAL 1132) to evaluate legume dry weight (DW) and nitrogen (N) content, soil mineral N, and subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Pigeon peas were grown during summer and ‘TAM 101’ wheat was grown during winter, along with summer fallow controls fertilized with 0, 45, and 90 kg N ha^-1, in 36-cm diam. 20-L pots from 1992 to 1995. Representative pigeon peas were harvested in the fall and remaining plants were incorporated into the …

The Western Gray Whale: A Review Of Past Exploitation, Current Status And Potential Threats, David Weller, Alexander Burdin, Bernd Wursig, Barbara Taylor, Robert L. Brownell Jr.

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) occur along the eastern and western coastlines of the North Pacific as two geographically isolated populations and have traditionally been divided into the eastern (California-Chukchi) and western (Korean-Okhotsk) populations. Recent molecular comparisons confirm, based on differences in haplotypic frequencies, that these populations are genetically separated at the population-level. Both populations were commercially hunted, but only the eastern gray whale has returned to near pre-exploitation numbers. In contrast, the western population remains highly depleted, shows no apparent signs of recovery and its future survival remains uncertain. Research off Sakhalin Island, Russia between 1995 and 1999 …

Lipid Raft Microdomains: A Gateway For Compartmentalized Trafficking Of Ebola And Marburg Viruses, Sina Bavair, Catherine Bosio, Elizabeth Wiegand, Gordon Ruthel, Amy Will, Thomas Geisbert, Michael Hevey, Connie Schmaljohn, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute Of Infectious Diseases, M. Javad Aman

United States Army: Publications

Spatiotemporal aspects of filovirus entry and release are poorly understood. Lipid rafts act as functional platforms for multiple cellular signaling and trafficking processes. Here, we report the compartmentalization of Ebola and Marburg viral proteins within lipid rafts during viral assembly and budding. Filoviruses released from infected cells incorporated raft-associated molecules, suggesting that viral exit occurs at the rafts. Ectopic expression of Ebola matrix protein and glycoprotein supported raft-dependent release of filamentous, virus-like particles (VLPs), strikingly similar to live virus as revealed by electron microscopy. Our findings also revealed that the entry of filoviruses requires functional rafts, identifying rafts as the …

Cytoskeleton Of Apicomplexan Parasites, Naomi S. Morrissette, L. David Sibley

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Progress On Geoenvironmental Models For Selected Mineral Deposit Types, Robert R. Seal Ii, Nora K. Foley

United States Geological Survey: Publications

Since the beginning of economic geology as a subdiscipline of the geological sciences, economic geologists have tended to classify mineral deposits on the basis of geological, mineralogical, and geochemical criteria, in efforts to systematize our understanding of mineral deposits as an aid to exploration. These efforts have lead to classifications based on commodity, geologic setting (Cox and Singer, 1986), inferred temperatures and pressures of ore formation (Lindgren, 1933), and genetic setting (Park and MacDiarmid, 1975; Jensen and Bateman, 1979). None of these classification schemes is mutually exclusive; instead, there is considerable overlap among all of these classifications. A natural outcome …