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A Cost Of Reproduction In Drosophila Melanogaster: Stress Susceptibility, Adam B. Salmon, David B. Marx, Lawrence G. Harshman

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Little is known about physiological mechanisms that underlie the cost of reproduction. We tested the hypothesis that stress susceptibility is a cost of reproduction. In one test of our hypothesis, Dro-sophila melanogaster females were exposed to a juvenile hormone analog (methoprene) to stimulate egg production followed by stress assays. A sterile stock of D. melanogaster was employed as a control for reproduction. Exposure of fertile females to methoprene resulted in an increase in female repro-duction and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and starvation (compared to solvent con-trols). Sterile females did not exhibit a decrease in stress resistance. Mating also stimulated …

Female Sensitivity To Diet And Irradiation Treatments Underlies Sex-Mortality Differentials In The Mediterranean Fruit Fly, James R. Carey, Pablo Liedo, Hans-Georg Müller, Jane-Ling Wang, Brad Love, Lawrence G. Harshman, Linda Partridge

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Large-scale experiments on medflies that were subjected to sterilizing doses of ionizing radiation (plus intact controls) and maintained on either sugar-only or full, protein-enriched diets revealed that, whereas the mortality trajectories of both intact and irradiated male cohorts maintained on both diets are similar, the mortality patterns of females are highly variable. Mean mortality rates at 35 days in male cohorts ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 but in female cohorts ranged from 0.09 to 0.35, depending on treatment. The study reports three main influences: (a) qualitative differences exist in the sex–mortality response of medflies subjected to dietary manipulations and irradiation, …

Clinal Variation In Body Size And Sexual Dimorphism In An Indian Fruit Bat, Cynopterus Sphinx (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae), Jay F. Storz, J. Balasingh, Hari Bhat, P. Thiruchenthil Nathan, D. Paramanantha Swami Doss, A. Antony Prakash, Thomas H. Kunz

Jay F. Storz Publications

Geographic variation in body size and sexual dimorphism of the short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx ) was investigated in peninsular India. Bats were sampled at 12 localities along a 1,200 km latitudinal transect that paralleled the eastern flanks of the Western Ghats. The geographic pattern of variation in external morphology of C. sphinx conforms to the predictions of Bergmann’s Rule, as indicated by a steep, monotonic cline of increasing body size from south to north. This study represents one of the first conclusively documented examples of Bergmann’s Rule in a tropical mammal and confirms that latitudinal clines in body …

Effect Of Maternal Education On The Rate Of Childhood Handicap, Waleed M. Milaat, Sherine Shawky, Bahaa A. Abalkhail, Nadia K. Soliman

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the relation between maternal education and various maternal risk factors, identify the impact of maternal education on the risk of childhood handicap and estimate the proportion of childhood handicap that can be prevented by maternal education. METHODS: Data was collected from all married women attending the two major maternity and child hospitals in Jeddah during April 1999. Women with at least one living child were interviewed for sociodemographic factors and having at least one handicapped child. The risk of having a handicapped child and the population attributable risk percent were calculated. …

Prevalence Of Hypertension In Obese And Non-Obese Saudis, Mohsen A. El-Hazmi, Arjumand S. Warsy

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: Obesity occurs at a high prevalence in the Saudi population. Studies in literature show that hypertension occurs more frequently in obese individuals.This study was designed to determine the prevalence of hypertension in obese Saudis in comparison with results obtained in non-obese individuals. METHODS: The screening involved a statistically designed household screening program. Only adults 14-70 years of age were included in the study. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was measured when the individuals were in sitting position and height and weight were used to calculate Body Mass Index. All individuals with Body Mass Index > 30 were classified as obese …

Genomic Regions That Underlie Soybean Seed Isoflavone Content, K. Meksem, V. N. Njiti, W. J. Banz, M. J. Iqbal, My. M. Kassem, David L. Hyten, J. Yuang, T. A. Winters, D. A. Lightfoot

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soy products contain isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein)that display biological effects when ingested by humans and animals, these effects are species, dose and age dependent. Therefore, the content and quality of isoflavones in soybeans is a key to their biological effect. Our objective was to identify loci that underlie isoflavone content in soybean seeds. The study involved 100 recombinant inbred lines (RIL)fr om the cross of ‘Essex’ by ‘Forrest,’ two cultivars that contrast for isoflavone content. Isoflavone content of seeds fromeach RIL was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The distribution of isoflavone content was continuous and unimodal. The …

Phylogey Of Steinernema Travassos, 1927 (Cephalobina: Steinnematidae) Inferred From Ribosomal Dna Sequences And Morphological Characters, S. Patricia Stock, James F. Campbell, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Entomopathogenic nematodes in Steinernema, together with their symbiont bacteria Xenorhabdus, are obligate and lethal parasites of insects that can provide effective biological control of some important lepidopteran, dipteran, and coleopteran pests of commercial crops. Phylogenetic relationships among 21 Steinernema species were estimated using 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences and morphological characters. Sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers were obtained to provide additional molecular characters to resolve relationships among Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema scapterisci, Steinernema siamkayai, and Steinernema monticolum. Four equally parsimonious trees resulted from combined analysis of 28S sequences and 22 morphological characters. Clades inferred from …

Functional Classification Of Swine Manure Management Systems Based On Effluent And Gas Emission Characteristics, J. A. Zahn, J. L. Hatfield, D. A. Laird, T. T. Hart, Y. S. Do, A. A. Dispirito

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Gaseous emissions from swine (Sus scrofa) manure storage systems represent a concern to air quality due to the potential effects of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methane, and volatile organic compounds on environmnental quality and human health. The lack of knowledge concerning functional aspects of swine manure management systems has been a major obstacle in the development and optimization of emission abatement technologies for these point sources. In this study a classification system based on gas emission characteristics and effluent concentrations of total phosphorus (P) and total sulfur (S) was devised and tested on 29 swine manure management systems in …

Deregulation And The Administrative Role: Looking At Dietary Supplements, Margaret Gilhooley

Montana Law Review

Deregulation and the Administrative Role

Social Welfare Entitlements And The Role Of Law: Guaranteeing Equality In Denmark And Canada, Jennifer Khurana

Journal of Law and Social Policy

No abstract provided.

Measures Of Denitrification In Selected South Dakota Semi-Permanent Prairie Pothole Wetlands, Beverly S. Klein

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Wetlands are an integral part of agricultural systems in the prairie pothole regions of the North Central United States and Canadian Provinces. Little research has been done on denitrification in prairie potholes, and a better understanding of their denitrifying capability could aide in optimizing management practices near pothole areas. Most probable number (MPN) and denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA or Phase I) assays were conducted. Most probable number (MPN) measures were used to give an estimate of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) and denitrifying populations present in the wetlands. This study involved 3 selected semi-permanent prairie pothole wetlands near Madison, …

Physical Therapists' Perceptions Concerning The Determination Of Fibromyalgia Interventions: A Qualitative Study, Elizabeth Jayne Levengood

Masters Theses

This qualitative explored some of the concepts under which physical therapists in the Grand Rapids, Michigan area operate when treating patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Four physical therapists with at least two years’ experience working in local pain clinics were interviewed. The data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed into themes. Seven categories of physical therapists’ perceptions concerning the determination of interventions were developed: (a) Factors affecting decision-making, (b) physical therapeutic interventions, (c) decision-making in the absence of intervention guidelines, (d) judgments of effectiveness according to clinical findings, (e) judgments of effectiveness through consultation, (f) perceptions of intervention decisions, and (g) perceptions …

Effects Of Elevated Carbon Dioxide On Primary Productivity In A Mojave Desert Ecosystem, David Charles Housman

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Growth and gas exchange are predicted to be most responsive to future atmospheric CO2 concentrations within and ecosystems. It is hypothesized that elevated CO2 will result in enhanced seasonal growth, increased leaf area and extension of the growing season via increased water-use efficiency (WUE). Greater WUE could result in increased survivorship and productivity of desert shrubs, and may increase the importance of this biome in the global carbon budget. Elevated CO2 is also expected to influence future species distribution and abundance, which could alter structure and function, especially in arid ecosystems. For these reasons, we measured aboveground production, gas exchange, …

A Comparison Of The Functional Efficacy Of Osteoarthritic Knee Joints Following Viscosupplementation Treatment, Stephanie Beasley Buford

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare two viscosupplementation products, Hyalgan and Synvisc, that may be used to treat osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Hyalgan and Synvisc, have both been studied extensively against NSAIDS and placebos and have both yielded significantly greater improvements in reducing the symptoms associated with OA. Forty-one patients diagnosed with OA of the knee volunteered to participate in this study. Each patient received the standard protocol of lateral injections with extended knee of 2 ml of either Hyalgan or Synvisc using a 20 gauge needle. Product efficacy and functional outcome were assessed using the Western …

The Acute Effects Of Transdermal Testosterone Precursor Administration On Serum Steroid Hormone Levels In Females, Mark Anthony Rasmussen

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Most governing sports authorities have banned the use of anabolic steroids as ergogenic aids. Recently, a transdermal testosterone precursor dietary supplement (AndrosteDERMRTM) has become available; athletes can apply the cream to their skin with the belief that it will increase serum testosterone levels, muscle mass, and strength. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of one milliliter of AndrosteDERMRTM) applied to the inner surface of the upper arm on the serum levels of androstenedione, and free and total testosterone in female subjects. Serum levels were measured before application and every 45 minutes thereafter for six hours. Serum …

Cyclic Irrigation Of Turfgrass Using A Shallow Saline Aquifer, Christopher M Schaan

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Utilization of poor quality waters in the urban landscape has the potential of saving large quantities of good quality water for higher priority uses. Bernudagrass in particular is well suited to be irrigated with poorer quality water. A two-year field study was conducted to determine the long-term effects of applying shallow saline aquifer water to two turfgrass sports fields. The water (0.69-- 3.4 dSm-1) was applied using cyclic irrigation during peak demand months (May--Oct). Treatments consisted of cycling saline water through the existing irrigation systems. Saline substitution of fresh water was set at 1, 2, 3 and 4 times per …

Craniofacial Morphology And The Consequences Of Intentional Cranial Deformation Among Prehistoric Andean Populations, Matthew Paul Rhode

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

This research examined the cultural practice of cranial deformation (annular and anteroposterior), and its effects on 27 craniometric measurements and biodistances among 350 prehistoric crania from the Azapa valley of northern Chile. Included among these 27 measurements were nine facial measurements previously considered to be unaffected by deformation. One-way ANOVA, Bonferroni multiple comparisons, and discriminant function analyses indicated that out of the 27 measurements were seven centrally located facial and basilar measurements unaffected by deformation: orbital breadth, palate (maxillo-alveolar) breadth, nasal breadth, basion-prosthion length, cranial base length, foramen magnum length, and foramen magnum breath. Included among these seven measurements were …

Sedentism Among The Archaic Fisher-Folk Of Northern Chile: A Malacological Perspective, Sally D Llull-Billings

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Oxygen isotope analysis of shell material from the Camarones West Shell Midden and from the site of Quiani has revealed that year-round collection of shellfish for food by the people of the Chinchorro Culture was not practiced. Additional shell demographics from the site of Quiani further support the oxygen isotope results. Radiocarbon dating revealed that the midden sample spanned the Classic Chinchorro and Transitional Chinchorro epochs, from 5590 to 3830 B. P. Shell classification and quantification of these sites also revealed that shellfish collection and the types of shellfish harvested has been consistent from Chinchorro times to the present; This …

Precipitating And Prophylactic Factors Contributing To Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology In Maltreated Children, Lisa Marie Linning

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

This study examined mediating factors that lead to, or buffer against, development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after child maltreatment. Fifty-five children aged 8--17 years voluntarily completed self-report questionnaires and a structured diagnostic interview. It was hypothesized that (1) chronicity and severity of abuse amplify PTSD risk when a child has limited support networks, ineffective coping, external locus of control, affect dysregulation, and a dysfunctional family; (2) key family and victim characteristics would help to ameliorate effects of traumatic abuse; (3) the combination of precipitating and prophylactic factors would determine the effectiveness of managing traumatic maltreatment. Results suggest that dysthymia, …

Parental Perceptions Of Childhood Weight Status In Preschool Children, Alison Faye Martodam

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this descriptive study was to describe parental perceptions of their preschool child's weight status. Pender's Revised Health Promotion Model was used to guide this study. A convenience sample of 275 parents, who had a child between the age of 2--5 years, was obtained from Women, Infant's and Children (WIC) clinics in a Southwestern city, after informed consent was obtained. The sample had a high number of Hispanics (80%) compared to non-Hispanics (20%). It was found that overall parents perceive their child's weight accurately. No significance was found between the ethnicity, education or age of the parents and …

Electrochemical Techniques For Detection Of Tnt And Other Explosives Using Disposable Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes, Rebecca Ann Pearson

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives have been found in the soil and water from many government military bases due to improper storage, weapons testing and production. Run-off from contaminated soil and water can enter underground water and potentially contaminate drinking water for near-by communities. With the closing of military bases throughout the U.S. and Europe, contamination will need to be assessed and remediated before the land and water can be used again for other purposes. The use of a fast and inexpensive field screening technique can save time and money typically incurred during intensive laboratory analysis of clean samples; Screen-printed thick …

Factors Affecting Recidivism At A Transitional Shelter For The Homeless, Scianna Elizabeth Bowman Augustine

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

This thesis examines factors affecting recidivism (shelter reentry) among two-parent households, female-headed households, and single women, through a study of selected households utilizing a transitional shelter for the homeless in Las Vegas, Nevada. The paper touches on the history of homelessness in America, and explores some of the factors related to the increase in homelessness on the national and local level. It examines the shelter system---in particular, the provision of transitional shelter---as the primary intervention designed to return individuals and families to self-sufficiency. The study found that the three household types did not differ significantly in terms of recidivism. However, …

Eiu 4151g : Nutritional Dilemmas And Decisions, Fcs

Approved Course Proposals

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Fire On Range Plant Species In The Northern Mixed Grass Prairie, Sarah Kruger

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

A Comparative Study Of The Feeding Ecology Of Chelonia Mydas (Green Turtle) And The Incidental Ingestion Of Prorocentrum Spp, Karen Gayle Holloway Adkins

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The diets of green turtles from five dissimilar aggregations of juvenile C. mydas on the East Coast of Florida were analyzed. C. mydas were captured by tangle net from four of the study sites and a dietary sample was collected by an esophageal flushing technique. The gut content of stranded individuals was collected for the fifth site. The vegetation in these study areas differs in varying degrees of abundance and diversity. Analysis of the samples revealed the alga types preferred by green turtles from each population and provided the basis for examination of similarities and differences in their diets.

Large …

Risk Factors Associated With Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection In A Cohort Of Newborns From Birth To 24 Months Of Age In A Rural Community Of Bangladesh, Khundkar Zahid Hasan

All ETDs from UAB

Little is known about incidence, risk factors, and etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) and pneumonia among the very young children from the rural communities of the developing countries. This study examined incidence and risk factors for ALRI and etiology and risk factors for pneumonia in a group of infants in Bangladesh. A cohort of 252 newborns was prospectively followed from birth to 24 months of age. Data on respiratory symptoms and feeding habits were collected routinely by household visit. Socioeconomic information was collected during census and during enrollment of the children. Laboratory tests for bacterial and viral …

Temporal Variations In United States Infant Death From Perinatal Related Causes, By Race, Birth Weight And Time Period Of Birth, Amanda Jane Liddle

All ETDs from UAB

Objectives . This population-based study was conducted to examine the effects of various technologies, that evolved in the late 1980s and early 1990s to improve infant survival, on time to death. The study examined the temporal variations in time to infant death from perinatal related causes, at varying birth weights and for two races, between 1985 and 1995, and considered the implications of the findings for future perinatal policy and interventions. Methods . Non-experimental, retrospective, population based design, utilizing US national and state secondary vital records data linking births with infant deaths from 1985 to 1995. The outcome variable was …

Growth Hormone Receptor Dimerization And Mechansisms Of Receptor Proteolysis And Growth Hormone Binding Protein Generation., Yue Zhang

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (Yrbss) Trends In Alabama: Implications For Educational Leadership., Feng Sun

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

Regulation Of Angiotensin Ii-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Protein Synthesis By Multiple Signaling Cascades., Petra Rocic

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.