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Hepp News, Vol. 4 No. 1 , Hiv Education Prison Project

Infectious Diseases in Corrections Report (IDCR)

No abstract provided.

Control Of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus In Health Care Facilities In A Region, Belinda E. Ostrowsky , M.D., M.P.H., William E. Trick, Annette H. Sohn, Stephen B. Quirk, Stacey Holt , B.S., Loretta A. Carson , M.S., Bertha C. Hill, Mathew J. Arduino, Mathew J. Kuehnert, William R. Jarvis

VCU Health Publications

Background

In late 1996, vancomycin-resistant enterococci were first detected in the Siouxland region of Iowa, Nebraska, and South Dakota. A task force was created, and in 1997 the assistance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was sought in assessing the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the region’s facilities and implementing recommendations for screening, infection control, and education at all 32 health care facilities in the region.

Methods

The infection-control intervention was evaluated in October 1998 and October 1999. We performed point-prevalence surveys, conducted a case– control study of gastrointestinal colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and compared infection-control practices and …

Ebna1-Specific Cd4+ T Cells In Healthy Carriers Of Epstein-Barr Virus Are Primarily Th1 In Function, Kara L. Bickham, Christian Münz, Mingli Tsang

Publications

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) maintains the viral episome in all host cells infected with EBV. Recently, EBNA1 was found to be the main EBV latency antigen for CD4⁺ T cells and could be recognized in cultures from all donors tested. We now identify a polarized Th1 phenotype and obtain evidence for its presence in vivo. When T cells were stimulated with dendritic cells infected with vaccinia vectors expressing EBNA1, 18 of 19 donors secreted IFN-γ, whereas only two of 19 secreted IL-4. Magnetic selection was then used to isolate cells from fresh blood based on EBNA1-induced …

Dendritic Cells Induce Peripheral T Cell Unresponsiveness Under Steady State Conditions In Vivo, Daniel Hawiger, Kayo Inaba, Yair Dorsett

Publications

Dendritic cells (DCs) have the capacity to initiate immune responses, but it has been postulated that they may also be involved in inducing peripheral tolerance. To examine the function of DCs in the steady state we devised an antigen delivery system targeting these specialized antigen presenting cells in vivo using a monoclonal antibody to a DC-restricted endocytic receptor, DEC-205. Our experiments show that this route of antigen delivery to DCs is several orders of magnitude more efficient than free peptide in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in inducing T cell activation and cell division. However, T cells activated by antigen delivered …

Examination Of Iv Antibiotic Use And Length Of Stay In Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients, Shane Hammock

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between IV antibiotic administration and the length of stay for patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Research demonstrates that pneumonia is a large economic burden to acute care facilities across the United States. An ex post facto design was used to examine the difference in lengths of stay (LOS) for two groups of patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia in the Appalachian region. The first group received IV antibiotic therapy at or within 8 hours of arrival to the hospital. The second group received IV antibiotic therapy after 8 hours of arrival to …

Medical Relief After An Unnatural Disaster: How International Health Care Providers May Prove Counter-Productive To Recovery, Maureen Mccue

International Journal of Global Health

Equally severe natural disasters that hit equally populous areas produce vastly different impacts and outcomes depending on preexisting political and economic conditions. International relief organizations and civil defense disaster response teams employ effective life saving protocols in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. However, there is little information that addresses the ongoing needs or assesses appropriate responses to the persistent hardships and ill health remaining months after a disastrous event hits an impoverished nation. This article relates the experience of27 volunteer health care workers who provided relief care to Nicaraguan victims of Hurricane Mitch three months after the event. Issues …

Information Interface - Volume 29, Issue 1 - January/February 2001, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Information Interface (1976 - 2009)

News and information about Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library of interest to users.

Private Choice Versus Public Health: Religion, Morality, And Childhood Vaccination Law, Ross D. Silverman, Thomas May

University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class

No abstract provided.

Dissertation Abstracts

HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies

No abstract provided.

Multistage Multiantigen Heterologous Prime Boost Vaccine For Plasmodium Knowlesi Malaria Provides Partial Protection In Rhesus Macaques, William O. Rogers, J. Kevin Baird, Anita Kumar, John A. Tine, Walter Weiss, João C. Aguiar, Kalpana Gowda, Robert Gwadz, Sanjai Kumar, Mark Gold, Stephen L. Hoffman

United States Navy: Publications

A nonhuman primate model for malaria vaccine development allowing reliable, stringent sporozoite challenge and evaluation of both cellular and antibody responses is needed. We therefore constructed a multicomponent, multistage DNA vaccine for the simian malaria species Plasmodium knowlesi including two preerythrocytic- stage antigens, the circumsporozoite protein (PkCSP) and sporozoite surface protein 2 (PkSSP2), and two blood stage antigens, apical merozoite antigen 1 (PkAMA1) and merozoite surface protein 1 (PkMSP1p42), as well as recombinant canarypox viruses encoding the four antigens (ALVAC-4). The DNA vaccine plasmids expressed the corresponding antigens in vitro and induced antiparasite antibodies in mice. Groups of four rhesus …

Evidence For Different Mechanisms Of Chloroquine Resistance In 2 Plasmodium Species That Cause Human Malaria, Takashi Nomura, Jane M-R. Carlton, J. Kevin Baird, Hernando A. Del Portillo, David J. Fryauff, Dharmendar Rathore, David A. Fidock, Xin-Zhuan Su, William E. Collins, Thomas F. Mccutchan, John C. Wootton, Thomas E. Wellems

United States Navy: Publications

Chloroquine (CQ)–resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria was first reported 12 years ago, nearly 30 years after the recognition of CQ-resistant P. falciparum. Loss of CQ efficacy now poses a severe problem for the prevention and treatment of both diseases. Mutations in a digestive vacuole protein encoded by a 13-exon gene, pfcrt, were shown recently to have a central role in the CQ resistance (CQR) of P. falciparum. Whether mutations in pfcrt orthologues of other Plasmodium species are involved in CQR remains an open question. This report describes pfcrt homologues from P. vivax, P. knowlesi, P. berghei, and …

Randomized, Parallel Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Primaquine For Malaria Prophylaxis In Papua, Indonesia, J. Kevin Baird, Mark D. Lacy, Hasan Basri, Mazie J. Barcus, Jason D. Maguire, Michael J. Bangs, Robert Gramzinski, Priyanto Sismadi, Krisin, Judith Ling, Iwa Wiady, Marti Kusumaningsih, Trevor R. Jones, David J. Fryauff, Stephen L. Hoffman, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit # 2 Clinical Trials Team

United States Navy: Publications

Malaria causes illness or death in unprotected travelers. Primaquine prevents malaria by attacking liver-stage parasites, a property distinguishing it from most chemoprophylactics and obviating 4-week postexposure dosing. A daily adult regimen of 30 mg primaquine prevented malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax for 20 weeks in 95 of 97 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)–normal Javanese transmigrants in Papua, Indonesia. In comparison, 37 of 149 subjects taking placebo in a parallel trial became parasitemic. The protective efficacy of primaquine against malaria was 93% (95% confidence interval [CI] 71%–98%); against P. falciparum it was 88% (95% CI 48%–97%), and 192% for P. …

Pig In A Poke: Missouri Draws Tenuous Line Between Public Health And Zoning Ordinances In Allowing County Regulation Of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations. Borron V. Farrenkopf, William C. Ellis

Journal of Environmental and Sustainability Law

No abstract provided.

Shafer Court Connections (2001-01)

Shafer Court Connections, 1994-2010

For alumni of the Academic Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University.

Carbon Sequestration, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, And Nebraska Agriculture – Background And Potential

University of Nebraska Public Policy Center: Publications

Scientists believe that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are contributing to global warming, although to what extent is difficult to determine. While limiting fossil fuel consumption is one method of reducing emissions of carbon to the atmosphere, another is sequestering carbon sources on the land. Carbon sequestration is the use of practices, technologies, or other measures that increase the retention of carbon in soil, vegetation, geologic formations, or the oceans with the effect of offsetting carbon dioxide emissions from other sources.

Nebraska’s agricultural producers can help address greenhouse gas concerns by implementing practices that cause the …

Whipple's Disease And Tropheryma Whippelii: Secrets Slowly Revealed, Matthias Maiwald, David A. Relman

United States Department of Veterans Affairs: Publications

Whipple's disease was described in 1907 and was designated "intestinal lipodystrophy,"despite the detection of bacteria in 1 specimen. This finding was later substantiated by the success of antibiotic therapy, which resulted in dramatic clinical responses, and by use of electron microscopy, which detected monomorphic bacilli in affected tissues. Many attempts at culture failed, and these bacteria were characterized as actinomycetes for the first time by means of broad-range 16S rDNA amplification and molecular phylogenetic methods. The name "Tropherymaw hippelii" was proposed for this bacterium. Whipple's disease is a systemic disease that affects many organ systems, producing protean manifestations. …

To Tell Or Not To Tell: The Scope Of Physician-Patient Confidentiality When Relatives Are At Risk Of Genetic Disease, Andrea Sudell

Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy (1985-2015)

No abstract provided.

The Jurisprudence Of Public Health: Reflections On Lawrence 0. Gostin's Public Health Law, Andrew W. Siegel

Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy (1985-2015)

No abstract provided.

"War On Cancer": Why Does The Fda Deny Access To Alternative Cancer Treatments?, Michael E. Horwin

California Western Law Review

No abstract provided.

Ensuring Safe, Effective And Necessary Vaccines For Children, Michael E. Horwin

California Western Law Review

No abstract provided.

Using The Polymerase Chain Reaction To Determine The Prevalence Of Lyme Disease Bacteria, Borrelia Burgdorferi, In Ixodes Pacificus Ticks From San Bernardino County In Southern California, Richard Allen

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Lyme Disease (LD) bacteria in adult Ixodes pacificus ticks collected from the mountains of San Bernardino County in Southern California. Seven hundred fifty four I. pacificus adults were collected from the Pacific Crest Trail and adjacent areas. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to screen ticks for Borrelia burgdorferi infection by targeting two different DNA loci. Oligonucleotide primers targeting both the ospA and fla genes were used in the assay. Ticks were processed in pools of three, and genomic DNA from the ticks was extracted with a commercial …

Perceived Social Support: Its Impact On Length Of Sobriety, Carol Richert Guy

Theses Digitization Project

This study examined the relationship between perceived social support and length of sobriety. In particular this study investigated whether higher reports of perceived social support had an effect on an individual's length of sobriety. Sixty-seven male and female residents of an inpatient alcohol and drug treatment center participated in this study.

Facing The Death Of A Child : Effects On The Family System, Rita Kae Conger

Graduate Research Papers

The death of a child could very well be the most difficult crisis a family system can face. The uniqueness and severity of this type of crisis make it quite important for those in the counseling field to be aware of the many different aspects of a child's death which may be very significant to the child's family.

For this reason, the purpose of this paper is to describe a number of variables which affect the healing process. These variables include the cause of death, the age of the child at the time of death, family dynamics, and the relationship …

2001 Annual Report, The Jackson Laboratory

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Profile: Global Health Corps Short-Term Health Education Missions, Linda K. Miller

International Journal of Global Health

Global Health Corps is a non -profit organization that provides a field -based training program for post-secondary students in the area of cross-cultural community health. Students practice a variety of culturally appropriate community health activities domestically in the United States, as well as villages and shantytowns around the world. Preventive health activities include basic health assessments, hypertension clinics, program evaluations, health fairs, breastfeeding promotion, hygiene programs, fitness promotion, safety and first-aid programs, violence prevention programs, and educational programs on topics such as nutrition, dental health , prenatal care, well-baby care, reproductive health , infectious disease prevention, cancer prevention, school health …

Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus Aureus In A Home Health-Care Patient, Jeffrey C. Hageman, David A. Pegues, Carrie Jepson, Rose Lee Bell, Mary Guinan, Kevin W. Ward, Martin D. Cohen, Janet A. Hindler, Fred C. Tenover, Sigrid K. Mcallister, Molly E. Kellum, Scott K. Fridkin

School of Public Health Faculty Research

To date, four of the eight cases of infection by Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus [VISA] or glycopeptideintermediate S. aureus [GISA]) have been reported in the United States (1-3). We report a fifth case of VISA infection in the United States, and the first to occur during home health-care therapy. While all previous VISA strains have been oxacillin resistant, one of the two VISA strains identified in this investigation was oxacillin susceptible.

Pick-Me-Up Newsletter - Issue 2, Volume 1, Nova Southeastern University

Pick Me Up Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Nsu Achievements - Winter 2001, Nova Southeastern University

NSU Achievements

No abstract provided.

Infections With Ehrlichia Chaffeensis And Ehrlichia Ewingii In Persons Coinfected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Christopher D. Paddock, Scott M. Folk, G. Merrill Shore, Linda J. Machado, Mark M. Huycke, Leonard N. Slater, Allison M. Liddell, Richard S. Buller, Gregory A. Storch, Thomas P. Monson, David Rimland, John W. Sumner, Joseph Singleton, Karen C. Bloch, Yi-Wei Tang, Steven M. Standaert, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The clinical course and laboratory valuation of 21 patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Ehrlichia chaffeensis or Ehrlichia ewingii are reviewed and summarized, including 13 cases of ehrlichiosis caused by E. chaffeensis, 4 caused by E. ewingii, and 4 caused by either E. chaffeensis or E. ewingii. Twenty patients were male, and the median CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count was 137 cells/μL. Exposures to infecting ticks were linked to recreational pursuits, occupations, and peridomestic activities. For 8 patients, a diagnosis of ehrlichiosis was not considered until ≥4 days after presentation. Severe manifestations occurred more frequently …

Prospective Assesment Of The Etiology Of Acute Febrile Illness After A Tick Bite In Slovenia, Stanka Lotric-Furlan, Miroslav Petrovec, Tatjana Avsic-Zupanc, William L. Nicholson, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs, Franc Strle

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A prospective study established the etiology of febrile illnesses in residents of Slovenia that occurred within 6 weeks after a tick bite. A combination of laboratory and clinical criteria identified 64 (49.2%) of 130 patients as having confirmed, probable, or possible cases of tickborne disease during 1995 and 1996. Of the 130 patients, 36 (27.7%) had laboratory evidence of tickborne encephalitis, all of whom had clinically confirmed disease. Evidence of infection with Borreliab urgdorfersie sensu lato was identified in 26 patients; 10 (7.7%) had confirmed Lyme borreliosis. Of 22 patients with evidence of Ehrlichiap hagocytophila infection, 4 (3.1%) had confirmed …