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Enhanced Degradation Of Algal Lipids By Benthic Macrofaunal Activity: Effect Of Yoldia Limatula, Ming-Yi Sun, Robert C. Aller, Cindy Lee, Stuart G. Wakeham

Journal of Marine Research

We used the protobranch bivalve, Yoldia limatula, in a series of incubation experiments to test whether activities of deposit-feeding macrofauna cause differences in lipid degradation processes relative to controls lacking macrofauna. Uniformly ¹³C-labeled algae (¹³C > 98%) were used as a source of fresh planktonic lipids, easily distinguished from bulk sedimentary lipids by GC/MS. Variations in concentration of major lipid components ([16:1(ω7), 16:0 and 18:1(ω9)] fatty acids and phytol) were followed as a function of time in incubations with and without Yoldia. Results showed that Yoldia can significantly enhance the degradation of planktonic lipids in sediments. …

Salt Fingers In Three Dimensions, Timour Radko, Melvin E. Stern

Journal of Marine Research

Three dimensional (3D) numerical calculations are made for a vertically unbounded fluid with initially uniform vertical gradients of sugar ( S ) and salt ( T ), where τ = κ_S/κ_T = 1/3 is the diffusivity ratio, and the molecular viscosity is ν >> κ_T. The latter inequality allows us to neglect the nonlinear term in the momentum equation, while retaining such terms in the T-S equations. The discrete 3D Fourier spectrum resolves the fastest growing horizontal wavelength, as well as the depth independent Fourier component. Unlike previous calculations for the pure 2D case the finite …

Near-Surface Circulation And Kinetic Energy In The Tropical Indian Ocean Derived From Lagrangian Drifters, S. S. C. Shenoi, P. K. Saji, A. M. Almeida

Journal of Marine Research

Trajectories of 412 satellite-tracked drifting buoys deployed in the tropical Indian Ocean have been analyzed to document the surface circulation and kinetic energy field. Only drifters drogued at 15 m depth and having drag area ratio greater than 35 are used to estimate current velocities. Unlike in earlier studies, the widening of the Equatorial Jet in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and the westward flow at the equator during July–August are apparent in the present data set. The comparison of drifter data with the seasonal mean dynamic topography (0/1000 db) shows that the surface circulation pattern inferred from dynamic topography …

Bering Sea Deep Circulation: Water Properties And Geopotential, Ronald K. Reed, Calvin W. Mordy

Journal of Marine Research

Deep temperature and silicate data from the Bering Sea demonstrate patterns that are consistent and allow inference of near-bottom circulation. The cold source water enters Kamchatka Strait and mainly moves toward the southeast through a narrow topographic gap and into Bowers Basin. There is also a narrow, coherent flow eastward, and eventually southeastward, near the steep flank of Bowers Ridge. At levels ~100–300 m above the bottom, there is a suggestion of upward motion near the margins of much of the deep Bering Sea. Near-bottom geopotential gradients, referred to 3000 db, are in agreement with flow inferred from water properties.

Experiments On Waves Trapped Over The Continental Slope And Shelf In A Continuously Stratified Rotating Ocean, And Their Incidence On A Canyon, Daniel L. Codiga, Dominique P. Renouard, Adam M. Fincham

Journal of Marine Research

Continental margins form a waveguide for topographic Rossby waves, which can be trapped to the bottom by continuous stratification and concentrated over the continental slope while propagating along the coast. We present results of laboratory wave simulations designed to keep as many dimensionless numbers (Rossby, Burger, normalized frequency, wave steepness, geometrical, Ekman, and Reynolds) as possible similar to those of coastal-trapped waves, such as are observed in coastal regions around the world. The 13-m diameter rotating tank is salt-stratified and a continental slope joins a shallow shelf region along the outer tank circumference to a deep central region. The velocity …

Enzymatically Hydrolyzable Amino Acids In North Sea Sediments And Their Possible Implication For Sediment Nutritional Values, B. Dauwe, J. J. Middelburg, P. Van Rijswijk, J. Sinke, P. M. J. Herman, C. H. R. Heip

Journal of Marine Research

The nutritional value of peptidic material in five North Sea sediments that differ in organic matter quality has been investigated with an enzymatic approach measuring the digestibility (rate constant k of proteolysis by protease) and the proportion of bioavailable fraction of amino acids (%EHAA-i:THAA). The bioavailable fraction in sediments varied between 14-50% EHAA-i:THAA and was generally lower than in potential source organisms such as algae (40-43%), plankton (~80%) and bacteria (57-72%). The rate of proteolysis of the amino acids varied among stations (k = 0.3-3.1 h^-1) with a systematic decrease when going from labile to more refractory …

Spatial Variation Of Total Co2 And Total Alkalinity In The Northern Indian Ocean: A Novel Approach For The Quantification Of Anthropogenic Co2 In Seawater, C. Goyet, C. Coatanoan, G. Eischeid, T. Amaoka, K. Okuda, R. Healy, S. Tsunogai

Journal of Marine Research

As part of a cooperative effort of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) and of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) program, we have measured total CO₂ (TCO₂) and total alkalinity (TA) along three sections in the northern Indian Ocean. One section through the Gulf of Aden to the Arabian Sea is parallel to the coast of Yemen. One section is across the Arabian Sea along the nominal 9N latitude and the other section is across the Bay of Bengal along the nominal 10N latitude. The measurements were performed on board R/V Knorr in September-October 1995. …

Some Historical, Theoretical And Applied Aspects Of Quantitative Water Mass Analysis, Matthias Tomczak

Journal of Marine Research

The concept of water masses is reviewed from the point of view of quantitative water mass analysis. A theoretical framework is presented which describes the life history of water masses in terms of formation, consolidation, aging and decay. Water masses are described as physical entities and compared with their atmospheric counterparts (air masses). The classical temperature-salinity diagram is expanded into the mathematical concept of water types in an n-dimensional parameter space. Water types and their standard deviations are introduced as the foundation for quantitative water mass analysis. The relationship between parameter space and physical space is established through the …

Modeling The Antarctic Circumpolar Current: A Comparison Of Fram And Equivalent Barotropic Model Results, V. O. Ivchenko, A. E. Krupitsky, V. M. Kamenkovich, N. C. Wells

Journal of Marine Research

Analyzing the FRAM simulations, Killworth (1992) noticed a strong tendency for self-similarity in the vertical structure of the velocity field of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). By assuming the self-similarity as a hypothesis, Krupitsky et al. (1996) developed an equivalent barotropic (EB) model of the ACC capable of describing the horizontal structure of the ACC. Compared to the multi-level-primitive-equation GCM, the EB model appeared substantially simpler and therefore useful in pilot process-oriented and sensitivity studies. In the present study dynamical and kinematical comparisons of the EB and FRAM outputs are given.

Formation And Circulation Of The Water Masses Between The Southern Indian Ocean And Antarctica: Results From Δ18o, Michael P. Meredith, Karen J. Heywood, Russell D. Frew, Paul F. Dennis

Journal of Marine Research

We present measurements of the stable isotopes of oxygen (¹⁸O and ¹⁶O) from seawater samples collected during the Antarctic Deep Outflow Experiment (ADOX) cruises in the Southern Ocean and southern Indian Ocean, February to March, 1993 and 1994. The data are used in conjunction with hydrographic data to infer characteristics of the formation and circulation of water masses found in the region. The waters on the continental shelf of Antarctica (adjacent to the Princess Elizabeth Trough; PET) are isotopically the lightest found due to the injection of about 1% of glacial meltwater, and are probably advected to …

The E-Vote: A Proposal For An Interactive Federal Government, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 1101 (1999), Colette Luchetta-Stendel

UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law

This comment suggests that individual United States citizens deserve a chance to propose legislature directly to the legislature; additionally, individuals should be permitted to vote on federal legislation before the President enacts it. The comment proposes that there be a popular electronic vote on all federal legislation. It discusses the history behind this proposition, including the Constitution, the legislature, and the history of elections and voting in the United States. Additionally, it discusses the media's influence on elections, the principles of direct democracy, and the evolution of the Internet. The comment details the ways this proposition would benefit the current …

The Use Of Electronic Agents Questioned Under Contractual Law: Suggested Solutions On A European American Level, 18 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 403 (2000), Jean-Francois Lerouge

UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law

This article recognizes the legal issues associated with the emergence of Electronic commerce and the roles of "electronic agents" between interactions of users and web-based companies. The author proposes legal solutions found in both common and civil laws when electronic agents are used. In addition, this article fully dissects the validity of contracts conducted by "electronic agents." The author begins by addressing the relevant technical issues and then looks at the legal questions involved in the use of electronic agents. Next, the author suggests minor changes to the present law which may actually offer possible solutions. The author further discusses …

Northwestern News, 1998-1999, Public Relations

Northwestern News

Thoughts of coming home; Board approves strategic plan; The college, the church, and the covenant; Northwestern hosts student discipleship conference; College, RCA establish archival internship; Many study off campus; Chaplain Floding resigns; Event to honor Vogel, De Pree; Texan named registrar; Two join NWC Board of Trustees; Van Citters remains active in cardiology; Love for God, children evident in Vander Schaaf; Wacome explores world of ideas; U.S. Department of Education encourages loan consolidation; Christian influence similar value for Northwestern's honored parents; Draayer continues family's love for NWC; N-Club presents awards; Rydell gets picture of Holocaust history; Discipline makes Gibson hard …

Nebraska Summary: S296 New Holland Ts 110, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

The Orphan Drug Act: What's Right With It, Gary Pulsinelli

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Ec99-219 1999 Nebraska Swine Report, Duane Reese

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The 1999 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating Departments for use in Extension, Teaching and Research programs. This publications deals with research on swine reproduction, breeding, health, nutrition, economics, and housing.

Effects Of Fire Retardant Chemical And Fire Suppressant Foam On Shrub Steppe Vegetation In Northern Nevada, Diane L. Larson, Wesley E. Newton, Patrick J. Anderson, Steven J. Stein

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of fire retardant chemical (Phos-Chek G75-F*) and fire suppressant foam (Silv-Ex) application, alone and in combination with fire, on Great Basin shrub steppe vegetation. We measured growth, resprouting, flowering, and incidence of galling insects on Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus and Artemisia tridentata. These characteristics were not affected by any chemical treatment. We measured community characteristics, including species richness, evenness, and diversity, and number of stems of woody and herbaceous plants in riparian and upland plots. Of these characteristics, only species richness and number of stems/m² clearly responded to the chemical …

Alpha Status, Dominance, And Division Of Labor In Wolf Packs, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The prevailing view of a wolf (Canis lupus) pack is that of a group of individuals ever vying for dominance but held in check by the “alpha” pair, the alpha male and alpha female. Most research on the social dynamics of wolf packs, however, has been conducted on non-natural assortments of captive wolves. Here I describe the wolf-pack social order as it occurs in nature, discuss the alpha concept and social dominance and submission, and present data on the precise relationships among members in free-living packs, based on a literature review and 13 summers of observations of wolves …

Myth And Reality Of The Alleged Blind Cave Fish From Pennsylvania, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

There’S Is More To Biology Than Molecules, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Habitat Relationships Of Landbirds In The Northern Region, Usda Forest Service, Richard L. Hutto, Jock S. Young

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

A series of first-generation habitat-relationships models for 83 bird species were detected in a 3-year study on point counts conducted in association with the USDA Forest Service's Northern Region Landbird Monitoring Program. The models depict probabilities of detection for each of the bird species on 100-m-radius, 10-minute point counts conducted across a series of major vegetation cover types. Based on these models, some bird species appear to be restricted in their habitat distribution to: (1) postfire, standing-dead forests, (2) relatively uncut, older forests, (3) harvested forest types, (4) marshes, (5) riparian environments, and (6) grasslands and sagebrush. Such restricted distributions …

Analysis Of Some Leguminous Plants For Pyrimidineconstituents, Yusuf Turan

Turkish Journal of Biology

The pyrimidine and pyrimidine-derived secondary compounds of Phaseolus aureus and Glycine max were investigated. Batches, each consisting of one hundred 12-day-old seedlings of either P. aureus or of G. max were separately extracted in cold dilute (0.6 M) perchloric acid. After preliminary purification of extracts by charcoal adsorption and elution, and by PVP treatment, the extracts were subjected to paper chromatography and high voltage paper electrophoresis. The UV-absorbing bands were detected by viewing chromatograms and electrophoretograms under UV-light and, where possible, identified. The results presented in this work show that these experimental plants do not synthesize and accumulate any significant …

A Morphological Investigation On The Anuran Species Of The Reşadiye (Datça) Peninsula (Anura: Bufonidae, Hylidae, Ranidae), Cemal Varol Tok

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this survey the amphibian fauna of Reşadiye (Datça) Peninsula, which has not been studied in detail so far, is given. No urodelan species has been encountered during the present work; but the presence of four different species belonging to three anuran families is established. Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis, Hyla arborea and Rana ridibunda specimens were collected from two, five, three and six different localities respectively, establishing the status of the peninsula's anura fauna. A total of 125 adult and two juvenile specimens were studied morphologically. Some observations on the ecological and biological characteristics of the anurans are also given.

General Undergraduate Catalog, 1999-2001, Marshall University

Marshall University Catalogs 1990-1999

Marshall University General Undergraduate Catalog for the 1999-2001 academic years.

Does Sharing Know Its Limits? Thoughts On Implementing International Environmental Agreements: A Review Of National Environmental Policies, A Comparative Study Of Capacity-Building, Mark A. Drumbl

Scholarly Articles

When nations lack capacity,they may find themselves unable to implement policy decisions. In such situations, even the most grandiose of edicts and transformative of enactments remain hortatory, modifying only the paper upon which they are written. Lack of capacity has been particularly troublesome in environmental policy. Many environmental commitments remain more apparent than real, often notoriously so. As a result, many pronouncements in favor of the polluter-pays-principle, sustainable development, and the precautionary principle are, notwithstanding good intentions, often simply not applied in practice. As environmental problems are increasingly perceived as global in effect, the responses thereto tend to be multilateral …

Western Michigan University Undergraduate Catalog 1999-2001, Western Michigan University

Western Michigan University Course Catalogs (1904-present)

• Mission of The University
• Accreditation
• Admissions Policies and Procedures
• Tuition and Fees
• Financial Assistance and Scholarships
• Degrees, Certificates, and Undergraduate Curricula and Majors
• Graduation Requirements and Academic Advising
• Academic Policies and Procedures
• Registration, Records, and Regulations
• Lee Honors College
• College of Arts and Sciences
• Haworth College of Business
• College of Education
• College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
• College of Fine Arts
• College of General Studies
• College of Health and Human Services
• The Graduate College
• Division of Continuing Education
• Office of International Affairs
• Student Rights and Responsibilities
• University and Student Services
• Annual Security Report
• Glossary of Terms
• University Officers
• The Faculty …

In Vivo Locomotor Strain In The Hind Limb Bones Of Alligator Mississipiensis And Iguana Iguana: Implications For The Evolution Of Limb Bone Safety Factor And Non-Sprawling Limb Posture., R. W. Blob, A. A. Biewener

Publications

Limb postures of terrestrial tetrapods span a continuum from sprawling to fully upright; however, most experimental investigations of locomotor mechanics have focused on mammals and ground-dwelling birds that employ parasagittal limb kinematics, leaving much of the diversity of tetrapod locomotor mechanics unexplored. This study reports measurements of in vivo locomotor strain from the limb bones of lizard (Iguana iguana) and crocodilian (Alligator mississippiensis) species, animals from previously unsampled phylogenetic lineages with non-parasagittal limb posture and kinematics. Principal strain orientations and shear strain magnitudes indicate that the limb bones of these species experience considerable torsion during locomotion. This contrasts with patterns …

Aboveground Production And Nutrient Circulation Along A Flooding Gradient In A South Carolina Coastal Plain Forest, William Conner, Marianne K. Burke, B Graeme Lockaby

Publications

Relative to effects of flooding, little is known about the influence of hydrology-nutrient interactions on aboveground net primary production (NPP) in forested wetlands. The authors found that nutrient circulation and NPP were closely related along a complex physical, chemical, and hydrologic gradient in a bottomland hardwood forest with four distinct communities. Aboveground biomass, NPP, biomass partitioning to stem production, growth efficiency, and soil macronutrient availability were greatest in the flooded zone, possibly because of the stable hydrologic regime. In the wet transition zone, trees were least productive, nutrient use efficiency was highest, and N retranslocation from foliage before abscission was …

Ua56/1 Fact Book, Wku Institutional Research

WKU Administration Documents

Statistical and demographic profile of WKU.

Record Of Decision Carbon Basin Coal Project, United States Department Of Interior Bureau Of Land Management

Record of Decisions (WY)

The Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for the Carbon Basin Coal Project was released to the public on January 8, 1999. This document considered and evaluated the impacts of issuing the proposed Elk Mountain/Saddleback Hills competitive coal lease (WYW139975) under the provisions of 43 CFR 3425.1, as a lease by application (LBA). The area proposed for mining is a mixture of private, state, and federal surface and coal estates. If the applicant, Ark Land Company, is the successful bidder, they propose to mine surface and underground federal coal reserves along with their privately-owned coal to make an efficient and economical …