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1996

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The Effects Of Mass Extinction On Escalation Of The Naticid Gastropod Predator-Prey System At The Eocene-Oligocene, Vicky D. Melland Jan 1996

The Effects Of Mass Extinction On Escalation Of The Naticid Gastropod Predator-Prey System At The Eocene-Oligocene, Vicky D. Melland

Theses and Dissertations

In 1987, Vermeij proposed the hypothesis of escalation, which states that biological hazards, such as predation, have increased through the Phanerozoic. This hypothesis has been extremely controversial due to the fact that it assumes that biotic factors, such as predation, have had an important role in evolution. Several studies have focused on the validity of the hypothesis of escalation. Kelley and Hansen (1996) offered a modified exposition of the escalation hypothesis. The Kelley-Hansen hypothesis states that escalation cycles are punctuated by periods of mass extinction. The periods of mass extinction would preferentially eliminate the highly escalated prey and, therefore, a …

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Taxing Lesbians, Patricia A. Cain Jan 1996

Taxing Lesbians, Patricia A. Cain

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Future Of Feminist Legal Theory, Patricia A. Cain Jan 1996

The Future Of Feminist Legal Theory, Patricia A. Cain

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Imagine There's No Marriage, Patricia A. Cain Jan 1996

Imagine There's No Marriage, Patricia A. Cain

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Liberty, Trade, And The Uniform Commerical Code: When Should Default Rules Be Based On Business Practices?, Kerry L. Macintosh Jan 1996

Liberty, Trade, And The Uniform Commerical Code: When Should Default Rules Be Based On Business Practices?, Kerry L. Macintosh

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Jury-Bashing And The O.J. Simpson Verdict, Gerald F. Uelmen Jan 1996

Jury-Bashing And The O.J. Simpson Verdict, Gerald F. Uelmen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Leaks, Gags And Shields: Taking Responsibility, Gerald F. Uelmen Jan 1996

Leaks, Gags And Shields: Taking Responsibility, Gerald F. Uelmen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Dreaming In America: In Honor Of Professor Trina Grillo, Stephanie M. Wildman Jan 1996

Dreaming In America: In Honor Of Professor Trina Grillo, Stephanie M. Wildman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Criminal Conduct Upon Refugee And Asylum Status, Evangeline G. Abriel Jan 1996

The Effect Of Criminal Conduct Upon Refugee And Asylum Status, Evangeline G. Abriel

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Merciful Juries: The Resilience Of Jury Nullification, Alan Scheflin, Jon M. Van Dyke Jan 1996

Merciful Juries: The Resilience Of Jury Nullification, Alan Scheflin, Jon M. Van Dyke

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Cambridge History Of American Literature - Volume Eight: Poetry And Criticism: 1940 - 1995, Sacvan Bercovitch Jan 1996

The Cambridge History Of American Literature - Volume Eight: Poetry And Criticism: 1940 - 1995, Sacvan Bercovitch

Covers, Titles, and Tables: The Formations of American Literary Canons in Anthologies - Archive

Contains Title Page, Table of Contents

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America The Cruel And Unusual? An Analysis Of The Eighth Amendment Under International Law, David Heffernan Jan 1996

America The Cruel And Unusual? An Analysis Of The Eighth Amendment Under International Law, David Heffernan

Catholic University Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Making The Law Safe For Science: A Proposed Rule For The Admission Of Expert Testimony, David L. Faigman Jan 1996

Making The Law Safe For Science: A Proposed Rule For The Admission Of Expert Testimony, David L. Faigman

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Describing The Elephant: Multiple Perspectives In New York City's Watershed Protection Conflict, Krystyna Anne Stave Jan 1996

Describing The Elephant: Multiple Perspectives In New York City's Watershed Protection Conflict, Krystyna Anne Stave

Public Policy and Leadership Faculty Research

New York City's efforts to avoid filtration mandated by the 1986 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments and the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule have generated considerable controversy. Since the conflict began in 1990, a spectrum of stakeholder groups has emerged, representing land owners, sport fishermen, businesses, environmental groups, developers, and watershed communities. What was originally defined by New York City water supply managers as a scientific problem--identifying sources of water quality degradation and preventing contaminants from entering the water supply system--now has broadened to include a diverse set of social and economic issues as well.

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Religion And Politics: A Reply To Justice Antonin Scalia, Nadine Strossen Jan 1996

Religion And Politics: A Reply To Justice Antonin Scalia, Nadine Strossen

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

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Why States, Not Epa, Should Set Pollution Standards Behind The Green Curtain, David Schoenbrod Jan 1996

Why States, Not Epa, Should Set Pollution Standards Behind The Green Curtain, David Schoenbrod

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

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Fooling All Of The People Some Of The Time: 1990s Welfare Reform And The Exploitation Of American Values, Kathleen Kost, Frank W. Munger Jan 1996

Fooling All Of The People Some Of The Time: 1990s Welfare Reform And The Exploitation Of American Values, Kathleen Kost, Frank W. Munger

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

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Harsh Perspectives, Paul Beel Jan 1996

Harsh Perspectives, Paul Beel

School of Art Graduate Exhibitions, Portfolios, and Theses

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of A Downhill Skiing Program On Standing Balance In Adults And Children With Various Disabilities, Colleen Kavanaugh, Tara Mcnabb, Tami Revett Jan 1996

The Effects Of A Downhill Skiing Program On Standing Balance In Adults And Children With Various Disabilities, Colleen Kavanaugh, Tara Mcnabb, Tami Revett

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to assess possible improvements in balance following a downhill ski program at Cannonsburg Ski Area. The 15 subjects' ages ranged from 7-67 and were obtained by a convenience sample of participants in the Cannonsburg Challenged Ski Association. Diagnoses of the participants included cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, cerebral vascular accident, hearing impaired, visually impaired, and developmentally disabled.; A pre-test, post-test design was used to assess the participants balance using the functional reach test--yardstick method. Data was analyzed by computer using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Using the t-test for paired comparisons, …

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Geriatric Knowledge, Attitudes And Interests Of Physical Therapy Alumni Of Grand Valley State University, Elizabeth Johnson Jan 1996

Geriatric Knowledge, Attitudes And Interests Of Physical Therapy Alumni Of Grand Valley State University, Elizabeth Johnson

Masters Theses

Gerontologic knowledge, attitudes and interest in working with the elderly were investigated and potential relationships explored. Six years of Grand Valley State University alumni (3 years Bachelor's {dollar}\{lcub} \rm N=63\{rcub}{dollar} and 3 years Master's {dollar}\{lcub} \rm N=84\{rcub} ){dollar} were surveyed. Questionnaires consisted of: a Personal History Questionnaire, to collect demographic data; the Palmore's Facts on Aging Questionnaire Part 2 with a "don't know" option added; and a modified Semantic Differential by Rosencrantz and McNevin. P-values were set at {dollar}\le{dollar}.05 to determine statistical significance. Correlations were also run on the data. Results indicate a fairly high correlation between people who believe …

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The Effects Of Contralateral Limb Strength Training On Muscle Atrophy In An Immobilized Upper Extremity, Robin R. Hlavacek Jan 1996

The Effects Of Contralateral Limb Strength Training On Muscle Atrophy In An Immobilized Upper Extremity, Robin R. Hlavacek

Masters Theses

Four case studies were used to evaluate the effects of three weeks of isokinetic strength training on retarding muscle atrophy in the contralateral casted limb. The non-dominant arm of each subject was immobilized in a long-arm plaster cast. Two subjects participated in an isokinetic strength training program three times per week for three weeks and two subjects were untrained. Each subject was measured for limb circumference and strength before and after casting. Pre- and post-immobilization values were compared within each subject. The results suggest a possible cross transfer effect of strength from the trained limb to the casted limb in …

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The Validity Of The Physiological Cost Index At Short Distances, Devin Deboer, John Heyerman, Robert Stout Jan 1996

The Validity Of The Physiological Cost Index At Short Distances, Devin Deboer, John Heyerman, Robert Stout

Masters Theses

Background and purpose. The Physiological Cost Index (PCI) was developed as a tool using heart rate and walking speed to measure energy expenditure during walking. This tool was developed using long distances, therefore, its validity at short distances is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the PCI at short distances.; Subjects. Forty-six subjects aged 20-30 years old were tested. Methods. Subjects walked 600 meters around a 40 meter oval track. Heart rate and walking speed were monitored at various intervals. Results. No strong correlation between short and long distances was found until 80 meters …

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Exercise Walking For Obesity Management In Older Adult White Women, Mary I. Dallas Jan 1996

Exercise Walking For Obesity Management In Older Adult White Women, Mary I. Dallas

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if a program of exercise walking would lead to any changes in the level of physical fitness for obese white women, aged fifty and over. Twenty-two women were recruited from three sites located in Holland, Michigan. The ten week program consisted of exercise walking three times a week for forty-five minutes at 60% to 70% maximum heart rate capacity. Subjects' weight, mean percentage of body fat, waist to hip ratio, body mass index, and the step test were found to decrease significantly between the pre- and post-test measures. As a result of …

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The Effects Of An Eleven-Week Therapeutic Riding Program On Motor Skills As Measured By The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test Of Motor Proficiency, Angela M. Cripe, Angela A. Schmid Jan 1996

The Effects Of An Eleven-Week Therapeutic Riding Program On Motor Skills As Measured By The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test Of Motor Proficiency, Angela M. Cripe, Angela A. Schmid

Masters Theses

The purpose of this single-case experimental design study was to determine whether or not therapeutic horseback riding was effective in improving motor skills. The subject was a 7-year-old girl with diplegic cerebral palsy. She participated in a therapeutic riding program for 11 weeks. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Short Form (BOT-SF) was administered a total of seven times (two pretests, three tests during the riding program, and two posttests). Due to the limited number of testing sessions and only having 1 subject, the results of the study are considered inconclusive. However, based on visual analyses of graphs, some improvements in …

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Electromyographic Comparison Of Internal And External Obliques Using A Modified Version Of Kendall's Strength Test Positions For Upper And Lower Abdominals, Rebecca A. Currier, Margie L. Johnson Jan 1996

Electromyographic Comparison Of Internal And External Obliques Using A Modified Version Of Kendall's Strength Test Positions For Upper And Lower Abdominals, Rebecca A. Currier, Margie L. Johnson

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine the activity of the internal obliques (upper abdominals) versus the external obliques (lower abdominals) during a modified version of Kendall's upper and lower abdominal strength tests using surface electromyography on adults. The study was not correlated to Kendall's theory due to the necessity to have the internal oblique electrode placed on the anterior abdomen. Twenty-four women and sixteen men participated in the study. All subjects were taught two positions ("easy" and "hard") for both abdominal tests and performed eight trials. A normalized ratio was generated by dividing one "hard" trial by the …

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Relationships Among Isokinetic Knee Flexion And Extension Parameters, Three Functional Tests, And Subjective Knee Scores In Acl Reconstructed Patients, Laura Call, Sheryl Chandler Jan 1996

Relationships Among Isokinetic Knee Flexion And Extension Parameters, Three Functional Tests, And Subjective Knee Scores In Acl Reconstructed Patients, Laura Call, Sheryl Chandler

Masters Theses

The purposes of this study were: (1) to investigate the relationships between isokinetically tested quadriceps femoris and hamstring strength, the subjects' self-assessment of knee function, and three functional tests, and (2) to determine the strength and functional differences between the surgical and non-surgical limbs. Subjects included 18 males and 27 females aged 18 to 45 years who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee strength was measured at 180, 300, and 450{dollar}\sp\circ{dollar}/second and normalized to body weight, while functional hop data were normalized to height. Significant differences existed between limbs for the single, triple, and cross-over hops, and all, but …

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Effects Of A Feldenkrais-Based Mobility Program On Function Of A Healthy, Elderly Sample, Barbara Brown, Susan Finney, Carolyn Sarantakis Jan 1996

Effects Of A Feldenkrais-Based Mobility Program On Function Of A Healthy, Elderly Sample, Barbara Brown, Susan Finney, Carolyn Sarantakis

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to explore whether a program of mobility exercises, based on the Feldenkrais Method, would result in an increase in range of motion and function, as measured by the Functional Reach (FR), modified Functional Reach (modified FR), and Timed "Up and Go" tests. Twenty-eight healthy elderly volunteers participated in the study. The experimental group participated in the program three times a week for six weeks. Measurements were taken before and after the six week program. The Timed "Up and Go" test improved significantly (p {dollar}<{dollar}.05) in the experimental group when age was accounted for. Right ankle dorsiflexion also increased significantly (p {dollar}<{dollar}.05). The FR and modified FR measurements did not demonstrate a significant change. As measured by the Timed "Up and Go" test, a Feldenkrais based program may improve function in healthy elderly individuals. Further research, with healthy and disabled subjects, is needed to understand the benefits of the Feldenkrais Method.

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Effect Of Thirty Second Static Stretch On Hamstring Muscle Flexibility In Subjects Over Age 65, Erin Bloomquist Jan 1996

Effect Of Thirty Second Static Stretch On Hamstring Muscle Flexibility In Subjects Over Age 65, Erin Bloomquist

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a thirty second static stretch on hamstring muscle length in a sample of healthy people over age sixty-five. Twelve individuals between the ages of 65 and 89 were randomly assigned to two groups: a treatment group which performed one repetition of a thirty second static stretch of the hamstrings, one time per day for four weeks, and a control group which did not perform a hamstring stretch. ANCOVA results were calculated as p =.046, implying a significant treatment effect. Overall power was calculated as.541. The results suggest that in …

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Repeat Violence In The Emergency Department, Jeanne A. Dorsey Jan 1996

Repeat Violence In The Emergency Department, Jeanne A. Dorsey

Masters Theses

The purpose of this descriptive study was to conduct a secondary analysis of the data set obtained from the Trauma and Emergency Center Violence Project (Dorsey, 1994). It was noted during the original 6 month study of 33,098 emergency department visits that some patients threatened or carried out real violence on multiple visits.; This study (a) identified the percentage of incidents in the initial sample that were perpetrated by repeat offenders, (b) described the types of violent behaviors, (c) explored the relationship between current substance and psychiatric history and the number of threatened or real violence incidents.; A descriptive research …

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Nurses' Verbal Responses In Four Types Of Client Situations, Ann V. Dilbeck Jan 1996

Nurses' Verbal Responses In Four Types Of Client Situations, Ann V. Dilbeck

Masters Theses

The purpose of the study was to determine to what degree nurses vary in their utilization of empathy when responding to patients experiencing different types of physical and emotional discomfort. Nurse participants ({dollar}N = 32{dollar}) worked primarily in a hospital setting. They were administered the Behavioral Test of Interpersonal Skills and responded to videotaped vignettes. Actors portrayed patients exhibiting pain, anxiety, depression, or anger. "Feeling", "Content", or "Don't Feel" were the three categories scored. "Don't Feel" responses negate or suppress patient's feelings.; A chi-square was done to compare "don't feel" responses to all other responses. "Don't Feel" responses were generally …

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