Digital Commons Network^™

Living In A Constitutional Moment: Lopez And Constitutional Theory ?, Mark Tushnet

Case Western Reserve Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Decline Of The American Labor Movement: A Proposal For The Constitution As A Source Of Workers' Rights, Peter B. Ajalat

Seton Hall Constitutional Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Have Administrative Agencies Abandoned Reasonability?, Peter Marra

Seton Hall Constitutional Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Taxpayers Of America Unite! You Have Everything To Lose - A Constitutional Analysis Of Retroactive Taxation, Brian E. Raftery

Seton Hall Constitutional Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Arabidopsis Homeotic Genes Apetala3 And Pistillata Are Sufficient To Provide The B Class Organ Identity Function, Beth A. Krizek, Elliot M. Meyerowitz

Faculty Publications

The class B organ identity genes, APETALA3 and PISTILLATA, are required to specify petal and stamen identity in the Arabidopsis flower. We show here that the activities of these two genes are sufficient to specify petals and stamens in flowers, in combination with the class A and C genes, respectively. Flowers of plants constitutively expressing both PISTILLATA and APETALA3 under the control of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus consist of two outer whorls of petals and inner whorls of stamens. These plants also exhibit vegetative phenotypes that are not present in either of the singly (APETALA3 …

Audit Risk Alert - 1996/97; Audit Risk Alerts, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Division

Industry Guides (AAGs), Risk Alerts, and Checklists

No abstract provided.

Checklists And Illustrative Financial Statements For Common Interest Realty Associations: A Financial Accounting And Reporting Practice Aid, December 1996 Edition, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Accounting And Auditing Publications, Karyn Waller

Industry Guides (AAGs), Risk Alerts, and Checklists

No abstract provided.

Checklists And Illustrative Financial Statements For Health Care Organizations : A Financial Accounting And Reporting Practice Aid, May 1996 Edition, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Accounting And Auditing Publications, Robert Durak

Industry Guides (AAGs), Risk Alerts, and Checklists

No abstract provided.

Checklists And Illustrative Financial Statements For State And Local Governmental Units : A Financial Reporting Practice Aid, May 1996 Edition, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Accounting And Auditing Publications, Karyn M. Waller

Industry Guides (AAGs), Risk Alerts, and Checklists

No abstract provided.

Banks And Savings Institutions, New Edition As Of April 1, 1996; Audit And Accounting Guide:, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Banking And Savings Institutions Committee

Industry Guides (AAGs), Risk Alerts, and Checklists

No abstract provided.

Investment Companies Industry Developments, 1996/97; Audit Risk Alerts, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Division

Industry Guides (AAGs), Risk Alerts, and Checklists

No abstract provided.

Service Of U.S. Punitive Damages Complaint Passes Constitutional Muster In Germany, Ingrid L. Lenhardt

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

In today's global market, disputes between U.S. and foreign parties have become a common occurrence. Courts in the United States, as well as other nations, frequently face new and complex international litigation problems. A common problem for many courts centers on the practical, mechanical requirements of bringing a lawsuit.

In this Article, the author examines the service of process of U.S. complaints for punitive damages to residents of Germany. In particular, Ms. Lenhardt analyzes the recent German Constitutional Court's ruling on international service of process. In addition, the author reviews the requirements of the Hague Convention on Service Abroad and …

The United States Policy Of Stringent Anti-Treaty-Shopping Provisions: A Comparative Analysis, Simone M. Haug

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Tax avoidance through international treaty shopping has become a subject of intense controversy in the international community. By shrewdly structuring businesses, corporations are currently able to take advantage of tax exemptions contained in tax treaties, though the countries that have joined the treaties never intended for them to benefit from such provisions. Many nations, including the United States, view this practice as tax treaty abuse. In response to such abuses, many countries are now incorporating strict anti-treaty-shopping provisions in their bilateral tax treaties.

Ms. Haug begins the Article by describing the practice of treaty shopping and, specifically, the various methods …

The Trips Agreement: Imperialistic, Outdated, And Overprotective, Marci A. Hamilton

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

According to Professor Hamilton, the TRIPS Agreement constructs international copyright law in the image of Western, Protestant-based capitalist copyright law. She suggests that the Agreement imposes presuppositions about human value, effort, and reward that contain political, sociological, and legal ramifications. In fact, the Agreement, with its focus upon valuing individual human creative achievement, could spur further developments in Western-based human rights in the rest of the world. By transplanting Western ideas to the rest of the world, TRIPS may actually encourage anti-authoritarian revolution. She further suggests that the TRIPS Agreement seeks to establish a free market of intellectual property goods. …

Trademarks And Geographical Indications: Exploring The Contours Of The Trips Agreement, Paul J. Heald

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Professor Heald focuses upon the trademark provisions of TRIPS, which have received less attention than the patent and copyright provisions. He closely examines TRIPS' substantive trademark provisions, including the definition of trademark, eligibility for registration, rights of registrants, and assignments / licensing. Professor Heald then considers geographical indications of products' origins, particularly the unique issues raised by the wine and spirits industry. He also discusses enforcement issues, absence of use requirements, dispute resolution, and the U.S. domestic implementing legislation before closing with a general assessment of the pluses and minuses TRIPS offers in the area of trademark protection.

Prospects For Developing Countries Under The Trips Agreement, Ruth L. Gana

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This Article focuses on the future impact of the TRIPs Agreement on developing countries with regard to patent and copyright protection. While some scholars have suggested that the intellectual property protection provided by the TRIPs Agreement significantly benefits developing countries just as well as such protection has benefited developed countries in terms of increased economic growth and development, the author of this Article disagrees. Upon close analysis of the TRIPs Agreement's impact on developing countries, including the use of illustrative examples and a case study of the People's Republic of China with regard to copyright protection, this author concludes that …

Foreign Ownership Of Broadcasting: The Telecommunications Act Of 1996 And Beyond, W. Scott Hastings

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

In an increasingly global market, severe restrictions upon foreign investment in broadcasting companies have enabled them to remain primarily domestic entities. This Note reviews these restrictions and advocates reforming the world-wlde system of broadcasting ownership regulation. This author discusses the major policies underlying the current regulations and demonstrates their implications by looking at several hypothetical regulatory schemes. The Note then focuses upon regulatory systems that are currently being used, as well as a hypothetical system based upon reciprocity. In the process, the author reviews the ownership restrictions of the United States, Canada, Australia, the European Community, and several lesser-developed markets. …

Lessons From The New English And Australian Child Support Systems, J. Thomas Oldham

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

In the last decade, both England and Australia have reformed their child support systems. While both nations desired to shift the financial burden of child support in single-parent families from society to absent parents, England and Australia enacted different administrative schemes to achieve this goal. In this Article, the author first explores the features of the English and Australian child support systems. The author then proceeds to analyze the merits of the two systems and the implications for other nations in light of the two nations' relative ability to achieve underlying policy goals.

Daiwa Bank Scandal In New York: Its Causes, Significance, And Lessons In The International Society, Mitsuru Misawa

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The New York Daiwa Bank scandal, which involved Daiwa Bank's concealment of $1.1 billion in losses from the illegal funding of U.S. Treasury bonds and the diversion of another $100 million in losses incurred by Daiwa Bank Trust Company, resulted in the most severe economic penalties ever imposed by the United States against Japan. These penalties included the termination of Daiwa Bank's U.S. operations and the reinforcement of the increased rates at which Japanese banks can borrow U.S. currency--the "Japanese premium." In addition, the Daiwa Bank case substantiated an international distrust of Japanese financial institutions, which are closely aligned with …

Ireland's Abortion Information Act Of 1995, Keith S. Koegler

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

On May 12, 1995, the Supreme Court of Ireland upheld an act making it legal to disseminate information concerning abortion services abroad, provided that the information does not advocate or promote the termination of the pregnancy. While the Abortion Information Act of 1995 is likely to make it easier for an Irish woman to obtain an abortion overseas, it does not change the circumstances under which a woman may obtain an abortion in Ireland. Under the Eighth Amendment to the Irish Constitution, as interpreted by the Irish Supreme Court, abortion is illegal except where the pregnancy poses a substantial risk …

Shining The Spotlight Of Pitiless Publicity On Foreign Lobbyists?, Charles Lawson

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This note discusses the changes made to the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) by the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (LDA) and evaluates the impact of those changes. FARA's regulatory regime has long been criticized for its loopholes. FARA's historical focus on foreign propagandists has also been condemned as out of step with the modern political environment in the United States, where foreign" lobbyists" are seen as a serious threat to government integrity. In response to such criticisms, the LDA endeavored to reform FARA so as to increase compliance levels among foreign lobbyists seeking to influence the U.S. political process. …

Suggested Rules For An Unemployment Insurance Law For Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary

Upjohn Institute Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Nurses' Perceptions Of The Profession Of Physical Therapy In The Inpatient Setting, Sharon Vanmullekom, Joanne Childs

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interprofessional relationship that exists between nurses (RNs) and physical therapists (PTs) as perceived by RNs in the inpatient setting. A questionnaire, the Interprofessional Perception Scale, (Ducanis & Golin 1978) was modified and sent to 230 day shift nurses who have contact with PTs at four West Michigan hospitals. Forty-five percent of the surveys were returned. RNs responded to the following questions regarding the nursing and physical therapy professions: how would you answer; how would PTs answer, and how would PTs say that you answered, for 15 interprofessional issues. Differences between how …

Relationships Among Role Strain, Hardiness, And Academic Achievement, Evelyn Clare Rutlin

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of role strain versus that of hardiness in predicting academic achievement in first semester female ADN students. A convenience sample of 61 students from Lake Michigan College in Benton Harbor, Michigan, participated in the study.; The Lengacher Role Strain Inventory and the Cognitive Hardiness Scale were used to assess role strain and hardiness. Academic achievement was determined by the grade received in the nursing fundamentals course.; Correlation coefficients were used to determine correlation among the variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to explain the variance. Neither role strain nor …

Construction Contractors With Conforming Changes As Of May 1, 1996; Audit And Accounting Guide:, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Construction Contractor Guide Committee

Industry Guides (AAGs), Risk Alerts, and Checklists

No abstract provided.

Audits Of Employee Benefit Plans With Conforming Changes As Of May 1, 1996; Audit And Accounting Guide:, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Employee Benefit Plans Committee

Industry Guides (AAGs), Risk Alerts, and Checklists

No abstract provided.

Audits Of Entities With Oil And Gas Producing Activities With Conforming Changes As Of May 1, 1996; Audit And Accounting Guide:, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Oil And Gas Committee

Industry Guides (AAGs), Risk Alerts, and Checklists

No abstract provided.

Audits Of Property And Liability Insurance Companies With Conforming Changes As Of May 1, 1996; Audit And Accounting Guide:, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Insurance Companies Committee

Industry Guides (AAGs), Risk Alerts, and Checklists

No abstract provided.

On Epidemiology And Geographic Information Systems: A Review And Discussion Of Future Directions, K. C. Clarke, S. L. Mclafferty, B. J. Tempalski

Publications and Research

Geographic information systems are powerful automated systems for the capture, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of spatial data. While the systems have been in development for more than 20 years, recent software has made them substantially easier to use for those outside the field. The systems offer new and expanding opportunities for epidemiology because they allow an informed user to choose between options when geographic distributions are part of the problem. Even when used minimally, these systems allow a spatial perspective on disease. Used to their optimum level, as tools for analysis and decision making, they are indeed a new …

Lady Griz Volleyball Media Guide, 1996, University Of Montana—Missoula. Athletics Department

Lady Griz Volleyball Media Guides, 1979-2008

Media guide created about the Lady Griz volleyball team.