Digital Commons Network^™

Judgment And Reasoning In Adolescent Decisionmaking, Elizabeth S. Scott

Faculty Scholarship

Few people believe that five year olds and fifteen year olds think, act or make decisions in the same way. The question is whether and how the law should respond to developmental differences. Traditionally, childhood and adulthood have been two dichotomous legal categories, demarcated by the age of majority. This conception has been contested in recent years, as has the premise that all minors are incompetent to make decisions and function as legal actors. Fueled by the controversy over adolescent access to abortion, an advocacy movement has emerged that challenges the authority of parents and the state over the lives …

Pluralism, Parental Preference, And Child Custody, Elizabeth S. Scott

Faculty Scholarship

Modern child custody law faces an important challenge in responding to pluralistic and evolving gender and parenting roles. Professor Scott finds rules favoring maternal custody, joint custody, and the best interests of the child wanting; she argues that the optimal response to the current pluralism in family structure is a rule that seeks to replicate past parental roles. This "approximation" standard promotes continuity and stability for children. It encourages cooperative rather than conflictual resolution of custody, thereby ameliorating the destructive effects of bargaining at divorce. It also recognizes and reinforces role change in individual families, encouraging both parents to invest …

Privacy In The Information Economy: A Fortress Or Frontier For Individual Rights?, Joel R. Reidenberg

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Individualized-Consideration Principle And The Death Penalty As Cruel And Unusual Punishment, Ronald J. Mann

Faculty Scholarship

The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits infliction of "cruel and unusual punishments." The Supreme Court established the basic principles applying this amendment to the death penalty during a six-year period in the 1970's. First, in 1972, in Furman v. Georgia, the Court invalidated all then-existing death penalty statutes. Second, in 1976, in Gregg v. Georgia and its companions, the Court upheld some of the statutes promulgated in response to Furman but invalidated others. Finally, in 1978, in Lockett v. Ohio, the Court invalidated an Ohio statute because it failed to give the sentencer a sufficient …

The Ethics Of Criminal Defense, William H. Simon

Faculty Scholarship

A large literature has emerged in recent years challenging the standard conception of adversary advocacy that justifies the lawyer in doing anything arguably legal to advance the client's ends. This literature has proposed variations on an ethic that would increase the lawyer's responsibilities to third parties, the public, and substantive ideals of legal merit and justice.

With striking consistency, this literature exempts criminal defense from its critique and concedes that the standard adversary ethic may be viable there. This paper criticizes that concession. I argue that the reasons most commonly given to distinguish the criminal from the civil do not …

Judicial Deference To Executive Precedent, Thomas W. Merrill

Faculty Scholarship

In 1984, the Supreme Court adopted a new framework for determining when courts should defer to interpretations of statutes by administrative agencies. Previous decisions had looked to multiple contextual factors in answering this question. Chevron U.S., Inc. v. National Resources Defense Council, Inc. appeared to reject this approach and require that federal courts defer to any reasonable interpretation by an agency charged with administration of a statute, provided Congress has not clearly specified a contrary answer. The Court justified this new general rule of deference by positing that Congress has implicitly delegated interpretative authority to all agencies charged with enforcing …

The Rulemaking Continuum, Peter L. Strauss

Faculty Scholarship

The two papers we have before us tell both descriptive and normative stories about current issues of rulemaking. Each suggests, in its field of attention, pressures that operate to increase proceduralization and agency responses to those pressures, as well as an attitude toward these developments. In rulemaking, as in other activities, discretion and order are in constant tension; one might find in that tension the very engine that makes the processes of public law go. Like the studies that assisted the move away from formal rulemaking, and the perceptions underlying the Supreme Court's Vermont Yankee decision, which quieted the judicial …

Front Matter

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

No abstract provided.

Are The Visual Acuity Requirements For Pilots In The Airline Industry Justifiable?, William C. Gladish

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

The purpose of this review is to investigate and determine whether the airline industry is justified or unjustified in requiring a more stringent vision criterion than the Federal Aviation Administration. The new law established by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is applicable to this issue. This Act requires airlines to show that the selection criteria are job-related and consistent with a business necessity. This paper assumes that all such vision criteria would fall into three areas: safety, performance, and investment risk. The data indicate that pilots in the distant visual acuity range from 20/20 to 20/200 have nearly …

The Airline Career And Interview Manual

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

No abstract provided.

Learning Takes Flight: Award-Winning Educators Use Aviation To Spark Student Achievement, Frank G. Mitchell

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Eleven teachers from eight different states were chosen as 1991 winners of the General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA) annual Award for Excellence in Aviation Education. The award honors grade school and high school teachers who bring general aviation into the classroom, either as a specific topic of discussion or as a teaching tool. Most of the winning projects included activities spread over an entire semester or school year. From each winning entry, two or three of the most original or vivid ideas were selected for this article. Enough detail was included so that another teacher can take the ideas and …

Transition From Laminar To Turbulent Flow Around An Airfoil, Chang-Ren Chen

Doctoral Dissertations

"A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code has been developed for two-dimensional incompressible turbulent flows and employed to solve the Navier Stokes equations around an airfoil of arbitrary shape. A low-Reynolds-number k — e turbulence model including curvature effect was used to consider the gain and loss of turbulent kinetic energy. To include laminar sublayer into the computational domain, a multi-layer grid and a cubic-slpine grid were introduced through a conservative form of coordinate transformation. The flow structure varies with the Reynolds numbers. For an airfoil at low Reynolds numbers (below ten thousand), distinct vortex shedding patterns can be found in …

Latinas And The Massachusetts Employment And Training (Et) Choices Program: Factors Associated With Participation And Outcomes For Boston Latinas In Et, Miren Uriarte

Gastón Institute Publications

This report presents the results of an assessment of the participation and outcomes of Latinos in the Massachusetts Employment and Training (ET) Choices Program. From the start of the ET program, there has been evidence that Latinos participate at rates comparable to that of other groups, but that their outcomes in terms of job placements and wages fall well below the outcome rates of any other group of participants. The main goal of this report is to ascertain the experience of Latino participants in ET and the individual and program factors that present barriers to their successful participation in this …

Computer Improvisation Of Jazz Solos, Daniel Chen

Theses

This thesis discusses the possibilities of using a computer to create Jazz solos. Various implementations using stochastic and rule based approaches were created and applied to analyze the original melody as well as the chord progressions. Based on the melodies generated, a rule-based approach that considered the original melody and the chord progression was found to produce the most "musical"

Molecular And Physiological Responses Of Diatoms To Variable Levels Of Irradiance And Nitrogen Availability: Growth Of Skeletonema Costatum In Simulated Upwelling Conditions, G. Jason Smith, Richard C. Zimmerman, Randall S. Alberte

OES Faculty Publications

Molecular mechanisms that drive metabolic acclimation to environmental shifts have been poorly characterized in phytoplankton. In this laboratory study. the response of light- and N-limited Skeletonema costatum cells to an increase in light and NO₃ availability was examined. C assimilation was depressed relative to N assimilation early in enrichment, and the photosynthetic quotient (O₂: CO₂) increased, consistent with the shunting of reducing equivalents from CO₂ fixation to NO₃- reduction. The concomitant increase in dark respiration was consistent with the increased energetic demand associated with macromolecular synthesis. The accelerations of N-specific rates of …

The Role Of Benthic Fluxes Of Dissolved Organic Carbon In Oceanic And Sedimentary Carbon Cycling, Davd J. Burdige, Marc J. Alperin, Juliana Homstead, Christopher S. Martens

OES Faculty Publications

Benthic fluxes (sediment-water exchange) of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) represent a poorly quantified component of sedimentary and oceanic carbon cycling. In this paper we use pore water DOC data and direct DOC benthic flux measurements to begin to quantitatively examine this problem. These results suggest that marine sediments represent a significant source of DOC to the oceans, as a lower limit of the globally-integrated benthic DOC flux is comparable in magnitude to riverine inputs of organic carbon to the oceans. Benthic fluxes of DOC also appear to be similar in magnitude to other sedimentary processes such as organic carbon oxidation …

The Impact Of Desktop Color Imaging On Prepress Personnel Skills, Iva Elaine Fowke

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

No abstract provided.

Dental Patients' Knowledge, Beliefs, And Perceptions About Dentistry And Aids, Sara S. Plaspohl

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

The majority of Americans view AIDS as the most important health problem faced today. Despite efforts to educate the public, the literature suggests that misperceptions exist concerning HIV transmission. The documented case of a Florida dentist who transmitted the HIV virus to five dental patients focused the public's attention on its perceived vulnerability to contracting HIV during a dental visit. The purpose' of this descriptive study was to identify the dental patient's perceived risk of acquiring the AIDS virus during a dental visit and to then determine whether the perceived risk was related to the patient's level of oral hygiene. …

Foreword, Chandran Kukathas

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Hayek's essay 'Why I am not a Concervative' first appeared in 1960 as the final chapter of his treatise, The Constitution of Liberty. Strictly speaking, it was not really a concluding chapter; it was presented as a 'postscript' to the main text-a text whose concern was to articulate and elaborate upon the fundamental principles of classical liberalism. In this postscript Hayek attempted a task which the main treatise did not take up: to explain how the principles of classical liberalism set it apart from the conservatism with which it seemed to have so much in common.

Calliope, Armstrong State College

Calliope Magazine

Volume 9

Empathy, Gender, Victimization And Altruistic Helping, Christopher J. Tillitski

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

C. Daniel Batson (1987, 1990) and associates (1983, 1988, 1989) have presented and experimentally tested the empathy-altruism hypothesis of altruistic helping. However, uncontrolled variables could have been associated with the results supporting the empathy-altruism hypothesis. The present study has generally replicated Batson and associates' standard experimental design and extended experimental control across the variables of gender and levels of victimization. Victim scenarios used for stimulus were created and calibrated to embody catastrophic, moderate and mild levels on the DSM III-R Psychosocial Stressors Scale using Cantor and Michel's (1979) procedures for investigating prototypes. The participants were 72 undergraduatePsychology students at The …

Approaches To Control Of The Large Angle Magnetic Suspension Test Fixture, Mehran Ghofrani

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The Large Angle Magnetic Suspension Test Fixture is a five degree-of-freedom system, developed and built at NASA Langley Research Center. It is intended for study of control techniques in magnetic suspension systems with large angular capabilities. In this study, steps have been taken to prove the system in practice, using the existing hardware. A classical control approach, using dual phase advance compensators, is applied in simulation and hardware. A single decoupled degree-of-freedom of the system is stabilized and controlled in simulation. The procedure is then employed for all five degrees-of-freedom. The design and implementation of an analog and a digital …

The Relative Effectiveness Of Programmed Instruction Versus The Lecture And Discussion Method On The Assessment Skills And Reporting Patterns Of Child Abuse And Neglect Among Undergraduate Nursing Students, Pamela Valleria Wilson Hammond

Theses and Dissertations in Urban Services - Urban Education

The problem studied in this investigation was whether different instructional methods could increase the assessment skills and affect reporting patterns of child abuse and neglect among undergraduate students majoring in nursing.

Two hundred and nineteen nursing students were selected for inclusion in the study from two urban universities located in Hampton Roads, Virginia. The sample was predominantly female (91.3%), African-American (79.9%) and mostly under 25 years of age (67.1%).

A programmed instruction manual, Child Abuse and Neglect, a pretest booklet, and a posttest booklet were developed specifically for this research. The pretest booklets and posttest booklets contained vignettes and questions …

Distribution Of Foraminifera And Pollen In Coastal Depositional Environments Of The Southern Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, U.S.A., Han Jun Woo

OES Theses and Dissertations

The coastal zone of the southern Delmarva Peninsula exhibits a wide variety of barrier island system subenvironments. This study investigates whether 20 a priori subenvironments can be distinguished from each other on the basis of abiotic environmental variables, pollen assemblages, living foraminiferal populations, and total (living plus dead) foraminiferal assemblages.

The physical data collected from the coastal zone were subjected to canonical variate analysis which discriminated 83% of the stations in 19 groups. These groups were clustered into two internally overlapping sets which represented the inside and outside of the inlet.

Twenty-two pollen types were found in low-energy marsh and …

A Genetic And Physiological Study Of The Role Of Extracellular Copper-Binding Proteins In Copper Detoxification By The Marine Bacterium Vibrio Alginolyticus, Valerie J. Harwood

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Supernatant proteins in Vibrio alginolyticus batch cultures were analyzed by SDS-PAGE before copper was added, 24 and 48 hours after the addition of copper, and in 24 hour control (no Cu) cultures. Two proteins, one 21 kilodalton (kDa) and one 19 kDa, were found to be copper-induced, and were designated copper-binding protein 1 (CuBP1) and CuBP2. CuBP1 and CuBP2 became detectable in supernatants during the Cu-induced lag phase, and increased in concentration over the following 48 hours. Chloramphenicol inhibited production of these proteins. Gel-to-gel variability was implicated as the dominant factor determining whether one or two Cu-induced proteins were detected …

A Comparison Of Alphanumeric, Direct Manipulation Graphic, And Equivalent Interface Design For A Production Scheduling Task, Ann C. Fulop

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Scheduling is an essential factor influencing the efficiency of any production system. The effectiveness of the scheduling system depends upon the interaction of the human and machine. Thus, to effectively design the interface between the human and the machine, the human factors professional must understand scheduling behavior and the information requirements of the scheduling task. The present study modeled human scheduling behavior and determined the information requirements of the scheduling task. The study also compared alphanumeric, direct manipulation graphic, and equivalent interfaces to determine which interface best supports scheduling. The results of the study show that schedulers monitor the current …

Seismic Response Of Pipeline Systems In A Soil Liquefaction Environment, Hongzhi Zhang

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This research is a study of the general seismic response behavior of buried pipeline systems during a soil liquefaction process. To aid the design of buried pipelines in a soil liquefaction environment, the purpose of this research is to provide the basic dynamic seismic response of different pipeline systems. Several important parameters such as pipe diameter, buried depth, additional mass and the size of the liquefiable soil zone have been introduced. The pipeline systems under study are cross-types, T-types and straight pipelines, with or without a manhole, buried in a soil liquefiable zone.

Time-varying soil spring constants are used for …

A Paleoenvironmental Analysis Based On Ostracode Assemblages From The Late Pliocene Tuapaktushak And Middle Pleistocene Karmuk Members Of The Gubik Formation Of The Arctic Coastal Plain, Western Alaska, D. E. Loehrke

OES Theses and Dissertations

This study records and analyzes ostracode assemblages recovered from sediments assigned to the Late Pliocene Tuapaktushak and Middle Pleistocene Karmuk members of the Gubik Formation in the Skull Cliff area of the Arctic Coastal Plain in western Alaska. Forty-three species were identified from 47 samples (25 from the Tuapaktushak Member and 23 from the Karmuk Member). Samples were grouped by Q-mode cluster analysis and by member assignment for the purpose of analysis.

Paleoenvironmental analyses of ostracode assemblages representative of each cluster suggest all samples, regardless of cluster membership, were deposited in similar marine environments where water depths were in the …

U.S.S. New Ironsides: The Seagoing Ironclad In The Union Navy, William Howard Roberts

History Theses & Dissertations

Of the ironclads completed by the Union during the Civil War, only the U.S.S. New Ironsides was a seagoing, high-freeboard design. Her seagoing qualities and heavy battery made her uniquely valuable to the Union in combat. Although New Ironsides was highly successful and her high-freeboard design squarely in the European mainstream, she represented the last of her direct line in the U.S. Navy. The lessons learned from her construction and wartime service, which should have provided invaluable instruction for U.S. designers, were not followed up. By failing to develop the seagoing ironclad the United States forfeited the advantages it might …