Digital Commons Network^™

Synchronous Deep Reinforcement Learning For Optimized Storage Assignment Of Ship Blocks, Gawon Lee, Jaehyeon Heo, Misung Kim, Hyerim Bae

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning (RL) framework for optimizing block storage allocation in shipbuilding yards. During the shipbuilding process, vessels are constructed in block units to maximize the operational efficiency. Following assembly, these blocks must be stored in limited yard spaces, creating a complex variant of the binary packing problem. This storage allocation problem is further complicated by operational constraints, including the barge capacity and transportation time restrictions. Moreover, poor storage decisions can lead to redundant block movements, which can adversely affect downstream processes and increase operational costs. To resolve this problem, a policy-gradient-based synchronous RL model was …

A Resilience Early Warning Assessment Of The Maritime Supply Chain: A Case Study Of China’S New Energy Vehicle Exports, Xiuqian Chen, Liangyong Chu, Mengyao Wang, Jiayin Du, Yiming Zhang, Xiyao Xu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Enhancing resilience through early warning is a critical strategy for mitigating disruption risks in the maritime supply chain (MSC). This study proposes a novel early warning assessment framework to determine the resilience of the MSC. It is referred to as a resilience early warning system. An evaluation index system for shipping enterprises is developed based on four dimensions: withstand capacity, adaptive capacity, learning capability, and the external environment. A resilience assessment model that uses the Bayesian best-worst method (BBWM) and the extension cloud model (ECM) is established to quantify MSC resilience. An early warning evaluation model based on a Bayesian …

Public-Port Throughput As An Activity Proxy For Near-Port Air Quality And Health: A Transferable Two-Scale Framework (Kaohsiung, 2017–2024), Ping-Jen Wang, Ying-Lin Hsu, Shih-Hao Chang, Bao-Tzung Wu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

We developed a two-scale time series framework using monthly container throughput (20-foot equivalent units, TEU) as a port activity indicator. Applied to Kaohsiung, Taiwan (2017–2024), we related TEU to near-port NO₂ and PM₂.₅ (monthly) and air quality to outpatient respiratory diagnoses (weekly) across the 2019–2020 sulfur rules and the COVID-19 pandemic. Transfer-function models indicate TEU tends to lead near-port NO₂ by 6–9 months. Structural break tests at policy dates indicate nonsignificant changes in levels and slopes, suggesting gradual rather than abrupt shifts in the activity–pollution linkage. Weekly two-pollutant distributed-lag Poisson models estimated relative risks (lags 0–8) per interquartile range (IQR) …

Joy To The Rehabilitation World: A Call To Incorporate Enjoyment Into Clinical Practice, Cristina Colón-Semenza, Raymond Jones, Winston Kennedy

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Although multiple academic disciplines recognize the motivational power of joy, rehabilitation professionals have, historically, underemphasized this construct in clinical practice. In addition, many clinicians report persistent challenges in motivating patients to adhere to prescribed exercise regimens. In response, there is growing advocacy for integrating affective-based interventions into practice. This overview aims to 1) raise awareness among rehabilitation professionals about the role of joy in physical rehabilitation, 2) illustrate how joy influences physical activity engagement and recovery outcomes, 3) outline evidence-based strategies for enhancing joy in clinical settings, and 4) introduce validated measures of joy suitable for use in practice. By …

Scaling Learning Health Systems: Highlights From The 2026 Health Care Systems Research Network Annual Conference, Deborah Hamlin

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The Health Care Systems Research Network convened for its 2026 Annual Conference on April 21– 23 in Dallas, Texas, at the Sheraton Dallas Hotel. The conference centered on the theme, “Scaling Learning Health Systems: Data-Driven Pathways to Better Outcomes,” featuring 99 peer-reviewed abstract and panel presentations, along with 21 poster presentations, and emphasized the growing role of collaborative, data-enabled research in transforming care delivery and improving patient outcomes.

Abstracts From The 2026 Health Care Systems Research Network (Hcsrn) Annual Conference, Dallas, Texas, Health Care Systems Research Network

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN) comprises 18 learning health systems with integrated care delivery and embedded research units. The network’s annual conference serves as a forum for research teams from member institutions to disseminate project findings, explore scientific collaborations, and share insights about population-based research practices that can measurably improve health and health care for all. The theme of this year’s conference was “Scaling Learning Health Systems: Data-Driven Pathways to Better Outcomes.” Abstracts presented at HCSRN 2026 are published in this issue supplement of the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews, the journal of record for HCSRN’s annual …

From The Archives: Rediscovering The John Preston Papers, Isabella Sumner

TMC Library Newsletter (2015-)

The John Preston, MD Papers, the newest collection at the McGovern Historical Center, contain letters and institutional records documenting life at the Austin State Lunatic Asylum—now Austin State Hospital—during Dr. Preston's 36 years as superintendent. Materials include correspondence from patient's families, physicians, judges, sheriffs, and attorneys, along with budgets, patient records, and even menus for staff and patients. Together, they offer a window into mental health care in Texas during the early 20th century.

Read the full story and explore highlights from the collection on the McGovern Historical Center blog. 

Guardians In Orbit: Legal Justifications And Limits Of Defensive Satellite Operations, Yurika Ishii

International Law Studies

The deployment of “bodyguard satellites”—spacecraft designed to autonomously detect and counter hostile space objects—has moved from classified capability development to explicit national security policy across a growing number of States. This article examines the circumstances under which interference with another State’s satellite may be legally justified under international law, analyzing several possible grounds: self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter, forcible countermeasures, non-forcible countermeasures, and necessity. Drawing on a survey of national space defense policies, jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, and the law of State responsibility, the article reaches two principal conclusions. First, across all justificatory frameworks, …

Prevalence Of Pathology Associated With Impacted Mandibular Third Molars In A Northern Nigerian Sub-Population: A Cross-Sectional Study, Bernard E. Ogbozor, Abdulmanan Yahaya, Sabir Iya, George O. Ewansiha, Mohammad K. Abubakar, Ismail Anas, Irfan Sugianto, Babatunde O. Bamgbose

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and pattern of impacted mandibular third molars and their associated pathology among adult patients attending a tertiary hospital in North-western Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a two-year period and analyzed digital panoramic radiographs of 576 adult patients (297 males, 279 females) aged 18–65 years with IMTM. Impaction angulations were classified, using Winter's classification system, into mesioangular, distoangular, horizontal, and vertical impactions. Associated pathology, including caries, root resorption, periodontitis, bone resorption, apical pathosis, and cysts, were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Pearson's Chi-square (χ²) statistical …

Enhanced Biocompatibility Of An Orthodontic Adhesive Modified With Hydroxyapatite Derived From Asian Moon Scallop (Amusium Pleuronectes) Shells, Gufa B. Pamungkas, Eddy H. Habar, Maria Tanumihardja, Rasmidar Samad, Stang Stang, Eka Erwansyah, Nurlindah Hamrun

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Objective: This study aimed to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from Asian moon scallop (Amusium pleuronectes) shells, characterize its physicochemical properties, and evaluate its biocompatibility when incorporated into an orthodontic adhesive.
Materials and Methods: Calcium oxide was obtained by calcining Amusium pleuronectes shells and used as a precursor for hydroxyapatite synthesis via a wet chemical precipitation method. The resulting powder was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The synthesized hydroxyapatite was incorporated into an orthodontic adhesive at 2 wt% as the experimental group, whereas the unmodified adhesive …

Analysis Of Nasopalatine Canal Shape And Dimensions At Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Dian Handayani, Fadhlil U.A. Rahman, Kezia R. Mustakim, Dwi P. Wulansari, Barunawaty Yunus

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Objectives: Variations in the shape and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal (NPC) may influence clinical planning and increase the risk of complications such as neurovascular injury, hemorrhage, and implant failure. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) enables accurate three-dimensional visualization of NPC morphology. The present study aimed to analyze differences in NPC shape and size according to age and gender using CBCT.
Material and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study included 259 CBCT scans of patients aged 18–60 years obtained from Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital between 2022 and 2025. NPC morphology was evaluated in sagittal, coronal, and axial planes, while dimensional measurements included …

Evaluation Of The Clinical Success Of Cad/Cam Dental Prostheses: A Systematic Review In Digital Prosthodontics, Yunita F. Ramadhany, Lenni Indriani, Ike D. Habar, Acing H. Mude, Taufiqqurrahman Zulkifli

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical success of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental prostheses in terms of biological outcomes, marginal adaptation, patient satisfaction, and comfort.
Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered on January 11, 2026, in PROSPERO (CRD420261282946). Electronic searches for English-language publications from January 2014 to December 2025 were performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, supplemented by searches in PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library. Two independent reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts based on predefined eligibility …

Leakage-Safe Boosting Ensembles With Shap Explainability For Alzheimer's Disease Risk Prediction: A Rigorous Multi-Classifier Benchmark On Global Structured Clinical Data, Hadeer Mahmoud, Fady Salama

Sustainable Machine Intelligence Journal

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health challenge, and scalable non-invasive risk-stratification tools are needed. We benchmarked 11 machine-learning classifiers on a publicly available global structured Alzheimer's prediction dataset (N = 74,283; 24 predictors) using leakage-safe sklearn/imblearn pipelines. Four resampling strategies were assessed with stratified cross-validation; preprocessing included imputation, IQR-based outlier capping, feature engineering, one-hot encoding, and standardization. The leading models underwent HalvingRandomSearchCV optimization, followed by soft-voting and stacking ensembles. Performance was evaluated on a held-out 20% test set and interpreted with SHAP, permutation importance, and built-in feature importance. No resampling was selected in Stage A (composite score = …

Explainable Deep Learning For Forensic Wound Analysis: A Survey Of Injury Classification, Gunshot Wound Interpretation, And Toward Court-Admissible Ai, Zakaria Ahmed, Zeshan Aslam Khan

Sustainable Machine Intelligence Journal

Wound analyses conducted in forensics continue to be based on visual interpretation of pathologists and therefore exhibit variations among observers, especially when dealing with unusual injuries. Recent research using deep learning algorithms has proven that automated identification of wounds and interpreting gunshot wounds has achieved success with high levels of accuracy, ranging between 88% on large human datasets in distinguishing exit/entrance wounds and 94% to 98% in shooting distance and shotgun patterns. Nonetheless, most of these models still operate as black boxes. In this systematic review of deep learning methods in forensic wound assessment, there is emphasis placed on three …

Swarm-Calibrated Ordinal Forests For Risk-Aware Forecasting In Non-Stationary Intraday Financial Time Series, Ahmed S. Salama, Ahmad M. Nagm

Sustainable Machine Intelligence Journal

Intraday non-stationary financial time series are difficult to model because of regime switching, volatility clustering, nonlinear price responses, and rapidly changing liquidity. Although machine-learning models can detect nonlinear dependencies, their direct use for intraday trading decisions can be unstable because of transaction costs, drawdown, and exposure risk. This study develops Swarm-Calibrated Ordinal Forests (SC-OF), a hybrid soft-computing architecture for risk-aware forecasting and execution control in non-stationary intraday markets. Continuous OHLCV streams are transformed into a technical-ordinal feature space in which ordinal symbolic patterns preserve local temporal ordering while reducing sensitivity to amplitude distortions. A validation-weighted ordinal forest combines random-forest and …

Anti-Fuzzy Hypergraphs And Superhypergraphs: Max-Oriented Uncertainty Models For Higher-Order And Hierarchical Networks, Takaaki Fujita, Ajoy Kanti Das, Suman Das, Sankar Prasad Mondal

Sustainable Machine Intelligence Journal

Hypergraphs extend classical graphs by allowing hyperedges to connect more than two vertices, while superhypergraphs further generalize this framework through iterated powerset constructions that capture hierarchical and nested incidence structures. Within fuzzy graph theory, anti-fuzzy graphs provide max-oriented uncertainty models in which each edge grade is at least the maximum grade of its incident vertices. However, corresponding max-oriented frameworks for hypergraphs and superhypergraphs have not been systematically developed. To address this gap, we introduce anti-fuzzy hypergraphs and anti-fuzzy superhypergraphs, formulate their mathematical definitions, and establish basic well-definedness and canonical representation results. These models provide a unified foundation for max-based …

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Due To Post-Traumatic Osseous Tunnel Formation: A Rare Case And Surgical Management, Dev Y. Patel, Eshan Doshi, Fiona Zimmerman, Jamal Revolus, Michael Kimball, Michael Franco

Cooper Rowan Medical Journal

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is classically a compressive neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve beneath the flexor retinaculum, presenting with plantar foot pain and paresthesias. Standard surgical management of TTS involves release of the flexor retinaculum to decompress the nerve. We report a rare and unusual case of TTS in which the posterior tibial nerve was encased within a post-traumatic osseous tunnel accompanied by dense fibrotic tissue, representing an atypical and previously undescribed etiology of nerve entrapment. In this case, surgical decompression required a modified approach involving meticulous dissection of the tibial nerve from its encasement by heterotopic ossification and …

Evaluating Medical Student Geriatric Competency Using A 5ms-Based Assessment Tool, Lauren R. Hersh Md, Amy Cunningham Phd, Mph, Xiya Wu Md

Cooper Rowan Medical Journal

INTRODUCTION

Driven by an aging Baby Boomer generation, the United States is navigating a demographic transformation with far-reaching implications that include increased demand for chronic disease management and long-term care as well as increased stress on both healthcare costs and infrastructure. Generating a workforce competent in the delivery of care to older patients with complex, multimorbid conditions is fundamental to addressing this shift. Recognizing that the development of primary and specialty care physicians skilled in geriatric care begins in medical school, the American Geriatric Society developed minimum competencies grounded in the Geriatric 5Ms (Mind, Mobility, Medication, Multicomplexity, and …

Physical Modeling To Represent Molten-Slag Entrapment Behavior Into Molten-Steel Under Simultaneous Similitude Condition Of Multiple Dimensionless Numbers, Yuichi Tsukaguchi, Sho Nakano

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

Physical model construction and experiment are essential for scientific investigations of flow phenomena such as high temperature two phase flow of molten metal and inert gas. It has been a common method to construct a physical model with a convenient scale then proceed experiments under similitude condition of one or two dimensionless number(s) of dominant forces to represent. It is an ideal experimental method to satisfy the simultaneous similitude condition of multiple dimensionless numbers concerned with the objective flow phenomena but has been considered difficult or impossible to realize for many years. Contrarily, the concept of the simultaneous similitude of …

Finding The Numinous: An Ecocritical Look At “Dune” And “The Lord Of The Rings” (2025), By Willow Wilson Dipasquale, Douglas Charles Kane

Journal of Tolkien Research

Book review, by Douglas Charles Kane, of Finding the Numinous: An Ecocritical Look at “Dune” and “The Lord of the Rings” (2025), by Willow Wilson DiPasquale

Effects Of A Filial Therapy Program On Gifted Children’S Self-Regulation And Academic Perseverance, Helin Yarcel, Fuat Tanhan

Journal of Educational Research and Practice

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 10-session filial therapy program delivered to mothers on gifted children’s self-regulation and academic perseverance. Participants were 45 gifted students attending a Science and Art Center (Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi [BİLSEM]) in Eastern Türkiye and their mothers, who were randomly assigned to an experimental, placebo, or control group. Self-regulation and academic perseverance scales were administered as pre-test, post-test, and 6-week follow-up measures. Given the sample size, data were analyzed with non-parametric tests, including the Kruskal–Wallis H, Friedman, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results showed improvements in self-regulation …

Leveraging A Model Of Intergroup Competencies: A Reflexive Tool For Developing Diversity Leadership In Higher Education, Arig Al Shaibah

Journal of Educational Research and Practice

Despite, or perhaps precisely because of, the current partisan pushback against equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) efforts in Western higher education institutions, universities may be well served to renovate their approaches to leadership diversity development to build greater capacity for advancing mission-critical inclusion excellence priorities. This article describes a promising educational intervention that has broad applicability to more meaningfully develop leadership proficiencies that better enable the advancement of EDI goals in higher education. While individual diversity leadership development programming is a micro-level intervention, it could prove beneficial—though insufficient on its own—as a prerequisite for macro-level equity and inclusion policymaking and …

Plasma Vgf As A Predictive Biomarker For Early Acute Kidney Injury In Critically Ill Elderly Patients: A Combined Clinical And Mendelian Randomization Study, Xianyang Guo, Yu Hao, Rujie Chenn, Benji Wang, Shengwei Jin

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To assess whether VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) can serve as a reliable predictor of acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients requiring intensive care.
Methods: We first conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the potential causal link between plasma VGF levels and AKI risk. Subsequently, 128 critically ill individuals admitted to our intensive care unit were prospectively enrolled. Within 24 hours of either hospital admission or clinical decline, both blood and urine specimens were obtained. We measured VGF concentrations in plasma and urine, along with plasma cystatin C (pCysC), plasma and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), …

Knowledge, Practice And Perceived Barriers Of Healthcare Provider Adherence To The Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (Ndss) In Government Hospitals And Primary Healthcare Centers In Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Moatasem F. Hakmi, Alaa Mathkour, Yousef Zahrani, Rayan I. Binduhayyim, Saad S. Alqahtani, Muhammad Z. Iqbal

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: To assess and compare healthcare providers' understanding of the Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NDSS), alongside reported and perceived challenges, across public hospitals and primary healthcare centers in Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 10 January 2025 and 30 December 2025 among health care providers at Jazan hospitals and primary healthcare centers (PHCs) (n = 420). Data were collected via structured self-administered questionnaire that included the following sections: demographic data, knowledge of the NDSS, reporting practices, competency of the Health Electronic Surveillance Network (HESN) and perceived barriers. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to …

Cranial Mri In Girls With Central Precocious Puberty: Clinical Characteristics And Predictors Of Abnormal Findings, Fahad N. Al Juraibah, Mashael M. Alharbi, Reem D. Alharbi, Joud S. Albaraki, Sarah S. Aldharman, Hala A. Alghamdi, Nagarajkumar Yenugadhati, Abdullah I. Alhammad, Angham N. Almutair, Ibrahim A. Al Alwan

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To describe the clinical profile of girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) and determine the factors associated with abnormal cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
Methods: This retrospective study included girls aged 8 years or younger with a diagnosis of CPP who received care at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between 2015 and 2023. Data on clinical presentation, biochemical results, imaging findings, and treatment were obtained from medical records. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine variables associated with MRI utilization and the occurrence of abnormal MRI findings.
Results: The cohort comprised 70 …

Thrombosis Rate And Risk Factors In Pediatric Patients With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters, Ahmed A. Alabdulkarim, Abdullah I. Almojali, Tharaa S. Alhowaish, Dena S. Alsuhaibani, Norah I. Alshafi, Amin I. Alzahrani, Mohammed O. Alotaibi, Yousef A. Alghamdi, Hamad A. Alkhalaf

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: To determine symptomatic thrombosis incidence in pediatric patients with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and identify associated patient and procedure-related risk factors in a tertiary pediatric center in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, including patients aged 0–14 years who underwent PICC insertion in the Interventional Radiology department between January 2019 and June 2023. Data on demographics, comorbidities, procedural details, and outcomes were extracted from the electronic medical record system (BestCare). Symptomatic thrombosis was defined as Doppler-confirmed thrombosis with clinical signs. Associations were tested using …

Advancing Impact: A National Approach To Knowledge Translation In Saudi Arabia-The Saudi National Institute Of Health Experience, Maha M. Aleid, Manar A. Alharbi, Amal N. Almadouj, Ahmad I. Alrawaji, Lamia A. Alhaqbani, Fars K. Alanazi

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To present a reproducible national model for translating research findings into evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.
Methods: The Saudi National Institute of Health launched the initiative titled ``Transforming the Outcomes of Published Health Research into Medical Guidelines that Enhance Medical Practices to Improve the Quality of Human Health'' on February 3, 2025. The initiative aimed to identify and assess research outcomes published between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2024 across 6 predefined thematic tracks relevant to the Saudi population. Eligible publications were collected within one month after the submission portal opened. Following closure of portal, all submissions were evaluated …

Estimating Radiation Dose And Proposing Institutional Diagnostic Reference Levels For Paediatric Fluoroscopy Of Micturating Cystourethrogram: Age- And Weight - Specific Comparisons, Khalid M. Aloufi

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: To compare age- and weight-specific methods used to estimate radiation doses and to propose institutional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for paediatric fluoroscopy of micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG).
Methods: In this retrospective study, MCUG fluoroscopy parameters were gathered for 100 paediatric patients from July 2025 to January 2026. The data included the MCUG paediatric procedures for patients aged 0–15 years. The data were categorized into paediatric weight- and age-specific groups. Paediatric weight-specific groups were ≤ 5, 5 < – 10, 10 < – 20, and >20 kg, and paediatric age-specific groups were ≤ 1, 1 < – 5, 5 < – 10, and < 10 – 15 years old.
Results: Differences were observed in dose area product (DAP) and DRL results for age- …

Potential Drug–Drug Interactions In Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Retrospective Observational Study, Buthainah B. Al-Ammash, Fawaz A. Alharbi, Omar D. Al-Hejaili, Mansour A. Mahmoud, Mazin A. A. Abdelaziz, Alaa I. Alrais, Shahad A. Albakri, Ibrahim F. Alharbi, Sara A. Felemban, Abdullah H. Almatrafi, Salman A. Alabdali, Yaser M. Alahmadi

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence, characteristics, and determinants of potential drug–drug interactions (pDDIs) among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) at a tertiary care hospital in Al-Madinah Al-Monawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: Data for this retrospective observational study were extracted from the electronic medical records of adult patients (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with ESRD and receiving hemodialysis (HD) between October 2022 and March 2023. The pDDIs were identified and classified using Lexicomp® (Wolters Kluwer, Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands). Descriptive statistics summarized patient characteristics and pDDIs, and univariate logistic regression was implemented to investigate the determinants …

Drooling In Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Narrative Review Of The Current Management Landscape, Kamel A. Alenazi

Saudi Medical Journal

Children with developmental or neurological disorders, such as cerebral palsy, present with impaired motor function, resulting in impaired swallowing, feeding, and drooling. The prevalence of chronic drooling radically changes from 0.5% in children >4 years to 60% in children with neurological ailments. Drooling can have a serious impact on the quality of life of affected children, which can create a sense of isolation and refusal by peers. In addition, drooling results in not only financial but also considerable emotional turmoil for caregivers of affected children, who are frequently confronted with difficulty managing the underlying neurological impairment of their child. In …