Digital Commons Network^™

Paper Session I-C - The International Threat To U.S. Commercial Launch Services, Lee R. Schere

Space Congress® Proceedings

The U.S. commercial launch industry is just getting underway with its initial launches. A fair backlog of future launches has been developed. In head-to-head competition with Ariane, U.S. companies have been winning a fair ©hare of the contracts.

However, it appears that this industry is in danger of becoming a convenient instrument of foreign policy in dealing with the non-market economy countries, China and USSR. In early 1989, the U.S. signed an agreement with the People's Republic of China to allow export of a limited number of U.S. satellites for launch on the Long March vehicle. Thus far, the Chinese …

Paper Session I-A - Magnetic Shielding For Interplanetary Spacecraft, Stephen Herring, Brad J. Merrill

Space Congress® Proceedings

The protection of spacecraft crews from the radiation produced by high energy electrons, protons and heavier ions in the space environment is a major health concern on long duration missions.

Conventional approaches to radiation shielding in space have relied on thicker spacecraft walls to stop the high energy charged particles and to absorb the resulting gamma and bremsstrahlung photons. The shielding concept described here uses superconducting magnets to deflect charged particles before they collide with the spacecraft, thus avoiding the production of secondary particles. A number of spacecraft configurations and sizes have been analyzed, ranging from a small 'storm cellar' …

Paper Session I-B - The Space Exploration Initiative And The Aero-Space Plane Launcher, Russel J. Hannigan, David C. Webb

Space Congress® Proceedings

Consideration is given to the critical operational issues associated with large-scale space programs, like the proposed Space Exploration Initiative (SEl), in order to demonstrate their intimate relationship with the Earth-toorbit launch systems being used. These operational issues include failure resilience and continuous access. It is shown that scenarios using expendable, vertically launched Heavy-Lift Launch Vehicles (HLLVs) as the primary space launch means, may be difficult to accomplish. This is because the performance characteristics of such vehicles - most notably reliability and availability - contradict the identified critical operational requirements of SEI. An alternative strategy is outlined for the Lunar Base …

Paper Session I-C - Delta Ii Development And Flight Results, Sam K. Mihara

Space Congress® Proceedings

This paper describes the design changes to the latest Delta Launch vehicle. Delta II Model 7925, The results of developments on five main subsystems are described. The paper includes the flight results of Delta II launches to date.

Paper Session I-A - Interstellar Initiatives, Allan Drysdale, Jerome H. Vick

Space Congress® Proceedings

The limits of space exploration are moving outwards with time; from sounding rockets, to Earth orbit, to the Moon, to the nearer planets, and to the outer planets. With the first steps, as far as the Moon, unmanned probes have been followed by manned spacecraft. We expect both unmanned and manned spaceflight to continue outwards for the foreseeable future.

Paper Session I-A - Human Factors Issues For Interstellar Spacecraft, Marc Cohen, Adam R. Brody

Space Congress® Proceedings

The prospect of interstellar travel challenges many of the common assumptions about long duration manned space/light, raising significant issues about how human factors requirements may change for the multigenerational space flight required for interstellar travel. Mission duration is the driving cause for most human factors issues involving isolation, confinement and exposure to weightlessness and radiation. The notion of a self-sustaining, interstellar spacecraft derives largely from the scenario of travelling O'Neillian space settlements. This article reviews this scenario in light of current developments in space human factors research and technology. The discussion concerns mission duration, spacecraft and crew size, human accommodations …

Paper Session I-A - An Interstellar Exploration Initiative For Future Flight, H. D. Froning

Space Congress® Proceedings

An example is presented of a Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) that would maintain the rapid rate of aerospace progress we accomplished in the past and culminate in journeys to the stars. Such an SEI would embody extremely long-term goals that: challenge the human spirit, meet human needs and set forth our intention to embark upon a manned interstellar journey within 100 years after the first human exploration of another celestial body (the moon). Near term goals would be the same as current SEI ones (establishment of Space Station "Freedom", return to the moon, and manned exploration of Mars) because they …

Paper Session I-B - Autonomous Robotic Systems For Sei Tasks, Davoud Manouchehri, C. M. Wu, Margaret M. Clarke, A. J. Mauceri

Space Congress® Proceedings

On the 20th anniversary, in 1989, of our country's triumphant first landing on the surface of our moon, the President of the United States once again challenged the nation to excel in space. Since that time, a series of outreach efforts was initiated by NASA to the aerospace industry, federal agencies, and the public. In addition, the Vice President of the United States chartered an Advisory Committee on the Future of the U.S. Space Program. At this writing, the AIAA has submitted a report on their canvass of the aerospace community, and the Advisory Committee report has been published. The …

Paper Session I-C - The Role Of The University In Commercial Launch Activities, James M. Ragusa, Gerard G. Ventre

Space Congress® Proceedings

Success of the U.S. in the international space arena depends largely on our ability to reduce the cost-to-orbit of payloads. To reduce costs, significant effort must be expended to upgrade commercial launch vehicles, processing facilities and operational procedures.

The universities have much to contribute to such an effort. This paper discusses the positive role that universities can play in helping industry and government be more successful in commercial space. Activities include needs assessments* problem definition, research, test and evaluation, business assistance, and education. Emphasis is placed on establishing a permanent capability to continuously advance launch systems technology, and on developing …

Paper Session I-B - Maximization Of Benefits From The Space Exploration Initiative, W. H. Siegfried, J. W. Alred

Space Congress® Proceedings

On the 20th anniversary, in 1989, of our country's triumphant first landing on the surface of our moon, the President of the United States once again challenged the nation to excel in space. Since that time, a series of outreach efforts was initiated by NASA to the aerospace industry, federal agencies, and the public. In addition, the Vice President of the United States chartered an Advisory Committee on the Future of the U.S. Space Program. At this writing, the AIAA has submitted a report on their canvass of the aerospace community, and the Advisory Committee report has been published. The …

Paper Session I-C - Commercial Infrastructure Participation In The Space Station Freedom Program, Allison Watkins, Kevin Barquinero

Space Congress® Proceedings

The evolution phases of Space Station Freedom offer the private sector the opportunity to provide commercial infrastructure to NASA and other users of the Space Station. This paper discusses the opportunities for infrastructure beyond the baseline Space Station and describes several approaches to initiating the provision of commercial infrastructure. These approaches include unsolicited proposals from the private sector, commercial development of infrastructure, and commercial operation of infrastructure.

Paper Session I-B - Launch Site Comparison Between The Earth, The Moon And Mars, Suzanne Hodge, Ronald Caldwell

Space Congress® Proceedings

Space flight will need to evolve rapidly in sophistication and accomplishment. The need to develop affordable long term operations increases accordingly. As the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) Program moves forward, human exploration of the Moon and Mars will require vehicles with improved capabilities. The payloads envisioned require launch vehicles, support equipment, facilities and fuels which mandate a quantum leap in our launch operations capabilities. Our knowledge of Earth based launch site processing, mission support and integrated logistics will drive vehicle designs for lunar and martian surface operations. Low cost and mission success for the program can be achieved through the …

Paper Session I-C - Towards The Off-The-Shelf Launch, Chuck Molyneaux

Space Congress® Proceedings

As the Space Age began in the '50's and '60's, new technologies were required to create a successful launch capability from scratch. As soon as it was possible to do so reliably, innovation became less important. As a result, commercial launches today may utilize 30 year old technology, but the price tag remains high. As long as the Cape remained the only launch site, no significant changes were required regarding launch methods and equipment. With the advent of Arianne, however, the cost of a launch became more open to price influenced competition. Today, the challenge is to create a costeffective …

Paper Session I-B - Nuclear Thermal Rocket Propulsion Application To Mars Missions, W. J. Emrich, A. C. Young, J. A. Mauceri

Space Congress® Proceedings

This paper discusses vehicle configuration options using nuclear thermal rocket (NTR) propulsion application to Mars missions. A reference mission in 2016 using an opposition-class Mars transfer trajectory is assumed. The total mission duration is 435 days. A single 75,000-lb-thrust nuclear engine is used for all major propulsive maneuvers. The studies indicate that three perigee "kick" burns upon leaving Earth result in the lowest stage weights required in low Earth orbit (LEO). The stay time on Mars is assumed to be 30 days. On the interplanetary return leg en route to Earth, a gravity assist by Venus is employed.

The reference …

Paper Session I-C - Spacehab A Commercial Approach To Space, Dino Brondolo

Space Congress® Proceedings

The Spacehab industrial team has in-depth experience and a proven record with past manned systems (Spacelab and Space Shuttles), as well as, key roles in the systems design and development of Space Station Freedom and its European contribution, Columbus. Alenia Spazio was responsible for the primary structure and thermal control of Spacelab and is Element Prime Contractor for the Columbus Pressurized Modules.

Paper Session I-A - The Characteristics Of Extraterrestrial Civilizations And The Interstellar Imperative, Joseph A. Angelo

Space Congress® Proceedings

The three major types of extraterrestrial civilizations that might evolve in the Galaxy are described, with speculative emphasis on each type of technical civilization's response to the interstellar imperative. A Type I civilization, represents' a planetary civilization; a Type II civilization involves a solar system society; while a Type III civilization is an interstellar community - ranging from a group of several star systems ("clustered" Type III) to a galaxy-wide community (fully-developed Type III). The important role of robotic interstellar probes in both Type II and Type III civilizations is also discussed.

Paper Session I-C - Commercial Space Infrastructure: Giving Industry A Lift, Barbara A. Stone, Peter W. Wood

Space Congress® Proceedings

Historically, the private sector's involvement in space-related commercial activities has been primarily in the fields of communications and, to a lesser degree, remote sensing and launch systems. But today there are other opportunities for space-oriented, profit-making activities. The provision of commercial infrastructure -- hardware and related integration services to support industrial research and product development activities -- is a potential revenue-producing industry.

The National Space Council defines five principal areas of commercial space activity satellite communications, space transportation, remote sensing, materials processing, and commercial infrastructure. This paper, in discussing commercial infrastructure, also addresses commercial space transportation (launch services). Discussed are …

Calculations Re: Funding To Replace Part-Time With Full-Time Faculty, Wku University Senate

Faculty Senate

Thirteen points used in the calculation of replacing part-time faculty with full-time faculty.

Meeting Minutes, Wku University Senate

Faculty Senate

Discussion of salaries, Western XXI, part-time faculty and budget analysis.

Meeting Minutes, Wku Student Government Association

Student Government Association

Meeting regarding resolutions.

Meeting Minutes, Wku Student Government Association

Student Government Association

Meeting to discuss Dozeball Tournament, awards, Earth Week, elections and ATM machine.

Survey Of Faculty Opinion, Wku University Senate

Faculty Senate

Thirteen question opinion poll regarding faculty morale, working conditions, salaries and administration.

Newsletter Vol. Xiv, No. 4, Wku University Senate

Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate newsletter. This issue includes articles:

• White, Bart. Brief Reflections . . . from the Chair
• Faculty Senate Minutes, 4/11/1991
• Faculty Senate Minutes, 2/14/1991
• Faculty Senate Minutes, 1/17/1991
• Faculty Senate Minutes, 3/14/1991
• Survey of Faculty Opinion - April 1991
• Redman, Arnold. Allocation of Funds: A Report of the Fiscal Affairs Committee
• Thomas, John. Chancellor Says Students Lose When Comprehensive Universities Can't Balance Research, Teaching

Newsletter Vol. Xv, No. 1, Wku University Senate

Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate newsletter. This issue includes articles:

• Garrett, Jan. Editor's Note
• Vos, Arvin. From the Chair
• Krenzin, Joan. Are Faculty Serviing as IDI Role Models
• Garrett, Jan. Another Angle on a Current Concern: The Credit Union Termination & Academic Freedom
• Kupchella, Charles. An Environmental Leadership Role for WKU
• Garrett, Jan. Out of State Garbage Incineration & Styrofoam at WKU
• Jefferson, Thomas. On Banks & Democracy
• Fayette County Schools Ban Smoking
• Faculty Senate XV Minutes, Apr. 23, 1991

Special Meeting, Wku Board Of Regents

Board of Regents Documents

Minutes of special meeting of the WKU Board of Regents regarding operating budget process.

Meeting Minutes, Wku University Senate

Faculty Senate

Meeting to discuss minority student issues, salaries, athletic budget, tobacco-free workplace and faculty opinion survey.

Memo - Faculty Salaries 1991-1992, Wku University Senate

Faculty Senate

Memo and resolution regarding 1991-1992 salaries sent to the faculty regent and WKU president by the Executive Committee.

Memo - Resolution Concerning Part-Time Faculty, Wku University Senate

Faculty Senate

Resolution requesting a task force to study part-time faculty issues.

Resolution R1991.3.14 - Tobacco-Free Workplace, Wku University Senate

Faculty Senate

Resolution requesting that WKU buildings become tobacco free zones.

New Technology: Traffic Engineering Applications, Jonathan Upchurch

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.