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Navigating Transition: Lived Experiences Of Discharged Foster Care Youth (18–24) In Accessing Community Resources, Joi Junetta Miller
Navigating Transition: Lived Experiences Of Discharged Foster Care Youth (18–24) In Accessing Community Resources, Joi Junetta Miller
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The transition from foster care to independent living represents a critical life stage for youth, especially those aged 18–24, who face numerous challenges in accessing and utilizing community resources. In the United States, nearly 391,000 children are in foster care, with many experiencing negative outcomes upon exiting the system, such as homelessness, unemployment, and incarceration. This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of discharged foster care youth, focusing on their ability to access and utilize available resources, including education, employment, healthcare, and mental health services. The study was grounded in social adjustment theory and resiliency theory, which framed youth …
Special Education Teachers’ Perceptions Of Teaching Effectiveness When Working With Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders, Ernest J. Fruge
Special Education Teachers’ Perceptions Of Teaching Effectiveness When Working With Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders, Ernest J. Fruge
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This qualitative study examined how special education teachers perceived their teaching effectiveness in supporting students identified with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). The study addressed a gap in the literature by examining the factors that influence special educators’ sense of self-efficacy when working with this population. Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy served as the conceptual framework. A generic qualitative research design was employed, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight participants from two central Texas school districts. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis guided the coding and interpretation process, supported by MAXQDA software. Analysis of the data revealed seven key …
A Quantitative Analysis Of Postmarketing Safety Events Of Breakthrough Medicines, Richard Judson Davis
A Quantitative Analysis Of Postmarketing Safety Events Of Breakthrough Medicines, Richard Judson Davis
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Adverse events to medicines pose a risk to the public health of patients. Breakthrough therapy medicines are designed to address unmet medical needs and are often approved on an expedited timeline; however they are also criticized for lacking an adequate understanding of their risk profile at the time of approval. This study examined the relationship between the number of concomitant medicines, as well as the approved therapeutic indication, and the outcomes of reported adverse events associated with medicines approved under the breakthrough therapy designation. The conceptual framework applied in this retrospective, cross-sectional, quantitative study is the process of pharmacovigilance, which …
Dieticians’ Perceptions Of Pediatric Obesity Education In Children’S Hospitals Located In Northeast Maryland, Constance Bartu
Dieticians’ Perceptions Of Pediatric Obesity Education In Children’S Hospitals Located In Northeast Maryland, Constance Bartu
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Dieticians play a vital role in the fight against pediatric obesity in the United States. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore dieticians’ perceptions of internal and external reinforcements and barriers to childhood obesity interventions in children’s hospitals within Northeast Maryland. The study was framed by the social cognitive theory described by Bandura. As applied to this study, the theory focuses on prevention and intervention strategies used by dieticians working in children’s hospitals while offering educational interventions and other health care services. Interviews were conducted with eight dieticians with a minimum of 4 years working in children’s hospitals …
Strategies To Improve Access To Clinical Informatics Specialist Consultations In An Acute Care Hospital System, Holli Miller
Strategies To Improve Access To Clinical Informatics Specialist Consultations In An Acute Care Hospital System, Holli Miller
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Access to clinical informatics specialist (CIS) consultations is essential for optimizing electronic health record (EHR) use in acute care hospital systems. Limited availability of CIS support contributes to clinician burnout, workflow inefficiencies, and patient safety risks. The purpose of this integrative review was to identify strategies to improve access to CIS consultations in acute care settings. A comprehensive literature search across multiple databases yielded 656 articles, with 24 meeting inclusion criteria based on relevance and methodological rigor, evaluated using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice appraisal tools. These studies, published between 2019 and 2024, underwent thematic analysis guided by the …
Perceptions Of Whole Plant-Based Diets And Weight Among Hispanics In Miami, Florida, Zoraida Powell
Perceptions Of Whole Plant-Based Diets And Weight Among Hispanics In Miami, Florida, Zoraida Powell
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Being overweight or obese poses major public health concerns and contributes to the development of chronic illnesses. While researchers have explored how a total plant-based diet impacts excess body weight or obesity, there is still a lack of clarity about how Hispanics living in Miami, FL, perceive or understand this diet concerning overweight and obesity. Using a generic qualitative approach, this study was conducted on how Hispanics in Miami, FL, understand and view a whole plant-based diet (WPBD) for preventing and reducing overweight and obesity. Through interviews with 14 diverse Hispanic participants, the study revealed that they see WPBD as …
Rurality’S Impact On Alaska Native Elders’ Levels Of Physical Activity And Obesity, Jessie Doherty
Rurality’S Impact On Alaska Native Elders’ Levels Of Physical Activity And Obesity, Jessie Doherty
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
While there have been studies on obesity levels and physical activity levels across many populations and age groups, few studies have focused on Alaska Native Elders. The purpose of this study was to examine rurality (urban vs. rural counties), physical activity, and obesity level while controlling for sex, self-reported loneliness, and self-reported stress. The theoretical foundation for this study was based on the socio-ecological model (SEM), and the research questions in this study explored how rurality impacted obesity levels and how rurality impacted physical activity levels in Alaska Native Elders. The methodology of this study was a quantitative cross-sectional design …
Fema Public Policy Impacts On Emergency Preparedness In Florida, Sara Sambolin
Fema Public Policy Impacts On Emergency Preparedness In Florida, Sara Sambolin
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Older adults are at an increased risk of mortality during hazardous emergencies; therefore, it is crucial to comprehend how current emergency preparedness policies are related to preparedness perceptions of older adults. Findings in recent literature identified the underrepresentation of older adults in Emergency Preparedness studies across all areas and Counties of the state of Florida as a gap that needs to be addressed. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between the 2023 FEMA policy on emergency preparedness and the self-reported degree of preparedness among Florida’s older adult residents in urban and rural areas across …
Alternative And Traditional Schooling On Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Alaska Native Youth In The Lower Kuskokwim, Nathaniel Hebert
Alternative And Traditional Schooling On Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Alaska Native Youth In The Lower Kuskokwim, Nathaniel Hebert
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Alaska Native youth experience disproportionately high rates of sexual risk, yet disaggregated data and school-contextual analyses remain limited. Understanding how school type (alternative vs. traditional) and individual factors influence sexual risk among Alaska Native youth is essential for informing targeted, culturally responsive health interventions and addressing ongoing health disparities. This quantitative study aimed to examine the association between three behaviors (condom use, multiple sexual partners, and substance use) by school type, controlling for gender, grade level, body mass index, and afterschool activity. Guided by the social-ecological model, this cross-sectional study provided new insights into the relationship between school type and …
Lived Experiences Of Obese Women In Mississippi Concerning The Role Of Psychosocial Factors In The Development Of Obesity, Temitope Olabode
Lived Experiences Of Obese Women In Mississippi Concerning The Role Of Psychosocial Factors In The Development Of Obesity, Temitope Olabode
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
One of the highest rates of obesity in the United States is in Mississippi, where middle- aged obese women deal with a variety of social, cultural, and personal issues, including shame, discrimination, and stigma based on weight, mental anguish, cultural norms, financial limitations, and restricted access to healthcare. This study investigated the psychosocial factors that contribute to obesity in women aged 40- 60 years, and the effects of obesity on body image, self-esteem, health behaviors, and quality of life. A qualitative phenomenological study using the social ecological model (SEM) framework looked at the individual, interpersonal, and policy levels of the …
The Lived Experiences Of Mothers Facing Phubbing From Their Adolescent Children, Mye Alexis
The Lived Experiences Of Mothers Facing Phubbing From Their Adolescent Children, Mye Alexis
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Widespread use of technology, particularly smartphones, introduced new challenges involving parent–adolescent attachment. Although existing literature primarily examines parental phubbing of adolescents, there is a significant gap in research exploring the experiences of mothers who are phubbed by their adolescent children. To address this gap, the central research question guiding this study was: What are the lived experiences of mothers who have been phubbed by their adolescent (ages 14-18) children? Grounded in Bowlby’s attachment theory, this phenomenological qualitative study aimed to deepen understanding of the emotional impacts of phubbing on mothers’ emotional wellbeing, emotional bonding, and mother–adolescent attachment. A homogeneous convenience …
Caregiver Perspectives About Implementing Educational Goals For Children Of Incarcerated Parents In A Head Start Program, Alissa Jane Stark
Caregiver Perspectives About Implementing Educational Goals For Children Of Incarcerated Parents In A Head Start Program, Alissa Jane Stark
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The problem addressed in this study is that caregivers of children with incarcerated parents inconsistently implement the mandated educational goals developed through the Head Start program. Grounded in Bowen’s family systems theory, the purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore caregiver’s perspectives on implementing Head Start Educational goals for children of incarcerated parents and their views on the resources or training needed to support these goals. For this case study, 12 former caregivers from a Head Start program in a women’s correctional facility in Oregon were interviewed. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed thematically with the …
The Level Of Awareness Of County Services In Maryland Offered By A Local Care Team To Youth With Developmental Disabilities And Mental Illness, Wanna Nedgie Dare
The Level Of Awareness Of County Services In Maryland Offered By A Local Care Team To Youth With Developmental Disabilities And Mental Illness, Wanna Nedgie Dare
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Mental and developmental health challenges remained a significant concern in one Maryland county. The Maryland Governor’s Office for Children (GOC) funds and supports the Local Care Team (LCT). Participation remains low, indicating a lack of community awareness. The purpose of this study was to explore the awareness of LCT services and strategies to improve outreach, interagency coordination, and communication to increase service use. The research question was: What is the Level of Awareness of County Services in Maryland Offered by a Local Care Team to Youth with Developmental Disabilities and Mental Illness? Guided by the person-centered care (PCC) model, evidence …
Exploring Lived Experiences And Perceptions Of Individuals With Substance-Use Disorder Recovery Management From A Biopsychosocial Perspective, Robin Carter Priest
Exploring Lived Experiences And Perceptions Of Individuals With Substance-Use Disorder Recovery Management From A Biopsychosocial Perspective, Robin Carter Priest
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Substance-use disorder (SUD) poses significant biological, psychological, and sociological impacts that negatively affect areas of employment, health, family systems, and interactions with social welfare and legal agencies. Although there has been research on SUD treatment, relapse rates remain high at approximately 40%–75%, demonstrating a gap in the literature involving individuals who completed SUD treatment and continuation or management of recovery. Grounded in phenomenological theory and through a biopsychosocial lens, this qualitative study explored the lived experiences and perceptions of individuals with substance-use disorder managing their recovery. Data were collected from 8 individuals who completed partial hospitalization or intensive-outpatient levels of …
Fathers’ Lived Experiences After Their Children Experienced Child Sexual Abuse, Joan Michelle Lucien
Fathers’ Lived Experiences After Their Children Experienced Child Sexual Abuse, Joan Michelle Lucien
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a global health crisis with deleterious consequences that violates children’s safety worldwide. Exact rates of CSA prevalence vary, as most cases of CSA are not disclosed. Survivors delayed or nondisclosure impedes early interventions to alleviate documented adverse effects of CSA. CSA survivors have an increased risk of suicidal ideation. This phenomenological study involved examining the lived experiences of adult fathers after their children experienced CSA. Finkelhor and Browne’s traumagenic dynamics framework guided this study. Traumagenic dynamics influence children’s cognitive and emotional functioning and distort their self-esteem, identity, worldview, and affective capacities. Stigmatization has been associated …
Young Adults’ Self-Perceptions Of Parenting Styles And Attachments Influencing Juvenile Criminality, Keristin Zanda Scott
Young Adults’ Self-Perceptions Of Parenting Styles And Attachments Influencing Juvenile Criminality, Keristin Zanda Scott
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Parenting styles, parent-to-child attachments, and parental involvements are contributing factors leading to juvenile delinquency. Adolescents are committing offending acts at a younger age, recidivating, and perpetrating with peers or parents. However, there is a lack of empirical research on juvenile perceptions of parenting, juvenile criminality, and desistance implications. The purpose of this interpretive phenomenological study was to explore past juvenile criminal offenders’ lived experiences and the corresponding influence parenting styles had on their deviant behaviors. Ainsworth and Bowlby’s attachment theory, Baumrind’s parenting style theory, and Bandura’s social learning theory provided a lens for examining young adults’ perceptions of parenting related …
Reducing Stigma And Enhancing Outcomes: An Antistigma Education Program For Mental Healthcare Professionals, Chidi Oriaku
Reducing Stigma And Enhancing Outcomes: An Antistigma Education Program For Mental Healthcare Professionals, Chidi Oriaku
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was a staff education project that addressed the stigmatization of patients with mental illness (PMI) within psychiatric contexts. The project site healthcare organization’s mental health professionals had a high rate of stigmatization of PMI. Stigma is linked to poor medication adherence rates, delays in accessing healthcare, lower healthcare utilization among PMI, psychiatric morbidity and mortality, and poor quality of life. Despite recognizing this problem, the healthcare organization had no targeted antistigma interventions. I developed an antistigma education to improve outcomes. The practice-focused question was: In mental health staff, will an educational program on …
Staff Education To Improve Knowledge On Facilitation Of Psychoeducational Groups, Kenyett Moody
Staff Education To Improve Knowledge On Facilitation Of Psychoeducational Groups, Kenyett Moody
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Walden University College of Nursing This is to certify that the doctoral study by Kenyett Moody has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Margaret Harvey, Committee Chairperson, Nursing Faculty Dr. Robert McWhirt, Committee Member, Nursing Faculty Chief Academic Officer and Provost Sue Subocz, Ph.D. Walden University 2025 Background and Purpose: Nurse-led psychoeducation groups are essential for improving patient outcomes by educating individuals about health conditions and coping strategies. In a dual-diagnosed inpatient psychiatric unit, a quality improvement (QI) project …
Postpartum Conversion Type 2 Diabetes In African American Women With Gestational Diabetes, Guerino Tondreau
Postpartum Conversion Type 2 Diabetes In African American Women With Gestational Diabetes, Guerino Tondreau
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a significant public health concern in the United States, with non-Hispanic Black women bearing a disproportionately high burden of the disease. Although this group has a lower overall prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), those who develop GDM face an increased risk of progressing to T2DM. The purpose of this quantitative, correlational study was to explore the relationship between GDM, physical activity, weight status, and T2DM development among non-Hispanic Black women. Secondary data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, collected from 2017 through March 2020, were analyzed. The health belief model served …
The Progressive Changes In Posttraumatic Symptoms And Posttraumatic Growth Associated With Traumatic Incident Reduction, Joseph L. Mcclory
The Progressive Changes In Posttraumatic Symptoms And Posttraumatic Growth Associated With Traumatic Incident Reduction, Joseph L. Mcclory
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Many millions of people are suffering from symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Just in the United States, 13 million Americans had a PTSD diagnosis as of 2020. Through the theoretical lens of catharsis, analysis of variance was used to examine whether traumatic incident reduction (TIR) is associated with changes in posttraumatic symptoms and posttraumatic growth by comparing pre, mid, and post-TIR PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) scores. Regression was also used to test whether post-PCL-5 scores accounted for variance in the post-PTGI scores. Ninety-seven TIR cases from the mental health agency between 2017 and …
Counselors With A History Of Sexual Abuse Who Work With Sexually Violent Offenders, Chandra L. Goodwin
Counselors With A History Of Sexual Abuse Who Work With Sexually Violent Offenders, Chandra L. Goodwin
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Research on counselors who treat sexually violent offenders has emphasized professional challenges, ethical dilemmas, and vicarious trauma, while less attention has been given to clinicians with personal histories of sexual abuse who may face added strain yet also bring unique empathy and resilience to their work. Addressing this gap is critical for the counseling profession, as it informs how training, supervision, and wellness practices can be structured to better support clinicians with lived trauma histories. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of counselors with personal histories of sexual abuse who work with sexually violent offenders. Grounded in interpretative phenomenological …
Strategies To Increase The Number Of Black, Indigenous, And People Of Color (Bipoc) Employees In Senior-Level Positions, Renée Michele Collins
Strategies To Increase The Number Of Black, Indigenous, And People Of Color (Bipoc) Employees In Senior-Level Positions, Renée Michele Collins
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Ineffective strategies to increase the number of Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) employees in senior-level positions can negatively impact financial performance. Some business leaders lack strategies to increase the number of BIPOC employees in senior-level positions and positively impact financial performance, which could increase risk of business instability. Grounded in multidimensional cultural competency framework; equity, diversity, and inclusion theory; and change management theory, this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was conducted to identify and explore effective strategies business leaders use to increase the number of BIPOC employees in senior-level positions and positively impact financial performance. The participants were eight business …
Coping Self-Efficacy, Acculturation, Gender, Socioeconomic Status, And Perceived Discrimination As Predictors Of Depression Among Nigerian Immigrants In The United States, Olatunde O. Osibote
Coping Self-Efficacy, Acculturation, Gender, Socioeconomic Status, And Perceived Discrimination As Predictors Of Depression Among Nigerian Immigrants In The United States, Olatunde O. Osibote
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Nigerian immigrants represent one of the fastest-growing immigrant populations in the United States. Relocating to a new country can be a major source of stress, often increasing individuals’ vulnerability to mental health challenges. While considerable research has examined predictors of depression in the general population and among certain immigrant groups, limited attention has been given to these factors in the context of Nigerian immigrants in the U.S. This study aimed to address that gap by applying Berry’s acculturation theory to investigate predictors of depression within this population. A quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational survey design was used to examine whether acculturation, socioeconomic …
Understanding White-Collar Worker Experiences In Using Worksite Wellness Programs To Achieve Weight Loss, Anna Nicole Hermanson Hartwig
Understanding White-Collar Worker Experiences In Using Worksite Wellness Programs To Achieve Weight Loss, Anna Nicole Hermanson Hartwig
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Adult obesity rates have increased from approximately 15% in 1980 to more than 40% of adults in 2018, and the rates continue to increase. White-collar workers are disproportionately impacted as a result of the sedentary work performed in a white-collar work environment. Increased levels of obesity result in elevated levels of psychological stress, chronic health conditions, and increased organizational costs. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to understand the lived experiences of the obese white-collar worker who has used a worksite wellness program to lose weight and to understand what additional support was needed to achieve weight loss. …
Access Barriers To Early Childhood Development Surveillance And Screenings: Insights From Pediatric Office Providers, Pamela Russell Ledesma
Access Barriers To Early Childhood Development Surveillance And Screenings: Insights From Pediatric Office Providers, Pamela Russell Ledesma
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Scholarly literature review found a gap in the identification of barriers experienced by pediatric office providers (POPs) for the provision of early childhood development (ECD) surveillance among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) children under the age of three years. The barriers may inhibit access to recommended screenings at defined milestones during the state of neurogenesis, whereby a child’s life trajectory may be negatively impacted and further handicap society at large. This qualitative study aimed to explore the access barriers and remedial strategies identified in the reconstructed narratives of southeast Florida POPs. The research design was premised on the behavioral model …
The Force Of Resilience: Exploration Of Correlations Between Generational Differences In Occupational Resilience And Turnover Intentions Among Active United States Law Enforcement Personnel, Kaylin Elizabeth Switzer
The Force Of Resilience: Exploration Of Correlations Between Generational Differences In Occupational Resilience And Turnover Intentions Among Active United States Law Enforcement Personnel, Kaylin Elizabeth Switzer
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Law enforcement agencies across the United States are facing critical challenges with the recruitment and retention of officers. This study examined whether differences existed in occupational resilience and turnover intentions across generations of active law enforcement personnel, and whether resilience levels were correlated with turnover intentions. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used to collect data via an online survey that included the Predictive 6-Factor Resilience Scale and the Expanded Multidimensional Turnover Intentions Scale. The sample consisted of 241 active members of law enforcement. There were two one-way ANOVA tests conducted to assess generational differences in resilience and turnover intention scores, …
What Are The Lived Experiences Of Policing Professionals With Self-Reported Alterations To Biological Instinct Alongside Operational Demands?, Madyson Wier
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Operational demands and training of policing professionals may be a source of conflict leading to a potential increase in risk for both the officer and the general public. Training in a law enforcement academy does not adequately prepare officers for the impacts the career may have on mental health, changes to the biological system, or societal criticism of modern-day policing. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how policing professionals experience changes in the autonomic nervous system with exposure to trauma in the field, and how self-reported alterations are further impacted due to operational expectations of their department. …
Lived Experiences Of Transgender And Non-Conforming Individuals Related To Gender Separation Bathroom Policies, Patricia Ojea
Lived Experiences Of Transgender And Non-Conforming Individuals Related To Gender Separation Bathroom Policies, Patricia Ojea
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The transgender and gender non-conforming population experiences discrimination when using public restrooms, but scholarly researchers do not know how the varying degrees of acceptance or rejection impact their daily lives. The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand the lived experiences of transgender and non-conforming (TGNC) adults to determine if bathroom legislation helps alleviate adversity experienced by this group. Kingdon's multiple-streams framework and Meyer's minority stress theory were the theoretical frameworks that served as this study's foundation. The research questions for this study focused on how the lack of enabling restroom policies in New Jersey impacts TGNC adults …
Racial Moderation Of Infant Mortality Risk And Protective Factors In The United States, Temitope Oluwaseun Akinsola
Racial Moderation Of Infant Mortality Risk And Protective Factors In The United States, Temitope Oluwaseun Akinsola
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The rate of infant mortality is a pressing health issue in the United States, as ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected. This study addressed how race controls the predictive power of demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic factors on infant mortality. Using a quantitative correlational design, secondary data from 181 individuals listed in the CDC-National Vital Statistics System database were used, which contains nationally aggregated data related to infant mortality rates. Bronfenbrenner’s social ecological model guided the study, and multiple regression and moderation models were used to examine socioeconomic status and access to healthcare on infant mortality outcomes. Results indicated that race significantly …
Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Former Lagos State Male Public High School Teachers About Their Onboarding Process., Agboola Clement Ikuyinminu
Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Former Lagos State Male Public High School Teachers About Their Onboarding Process., Agboola Clement Ikuyinminu
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Lagos State, Nigeria, faces male teacher retention challenges in public high schools, including destabilizing the educational environment, reducing the availability of experienced mentors, and negatively impacting student performance and outcomes. School leaders need to understand the challenges leading to male teacher turnover. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Lagos State male public high school teachers who left the profession, focusing particularly on their perceptions of onboarding and reasons for leaving the profession. This study was grounded in Herzberg’s two-factor theory, Bauer and Erdogan’s onboarding theory, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and Bandura’s social …