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Biotic Filtering In Endophytic Fungal Communities, Kevin Daniel Ricks Jun 2018

Biotic Filtering In Endophytic Fungal Communities, Kevin Daniel Ricks

Theses and Dissertations

Plants can be colonized by complex communities of endophytic fungi. This thesis presents two studies, both of which investigate biotic filtering in endophytic fungal communities. Chapter 1. Endophytic fungi can be acquired horizontally via propagules produced in the environment such as in plant litters of various species. Given that litters from different plant species harbor distinct endophytic fungal communities and that endophytic fungi may be dispersal-limited, the structure of the endophytic fungal community of a given plant may be determined by proximity to particular inoculum sources. Community assembly may also be affected by biotic filtering by the plant. Therefore, a …

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Network Specializations, Symmetries, And Spectral Properties, Dallas C. Smith Jun 2018

Network Specializations, Symmetries, And Spectral Properties, Dallas C. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, we introduce three techniques for network sciences. The first of these techniques is a series of new models for describing network growth. These models, called network specialization models, are built with the idea that networks grow by specializing the function of subnetworks. Using these models we create theoretical networks which exhibit well-known properties of real networks. We also demonstrate how the spectral properties are preserved as the models grow. The second technique we describe is a method for decomposing networks that contain automorphisms in a way that preserves the spectrum of the original graph. This method …

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Howwa Wheyya: Performance And Gendered Style In The Egyptian Caricature "The Piece Of Paper", Hasnaa Essam Jun 2018

Howwa Wheyya: Performance And Gendered Style In The Egyptian Caricature "The Piece Of Paper", Hasnaa Essam

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative study explores linguistic styles and mis/communication as they relate to gendered performance in the context of Egyptian caricature. Within this context, seventy-four illustrations from The Piece of Paper by Gawish (2015) are subjected to discourse analysis. This type of caricature, as an example of performed speech, represents the perceptions of a group of Egyptian men, the cartoonist and his team, in depicting gendered daily-life interactions. The study investigates styles to examine the linguistic choices based on social groups such as women and men (Eckert and Rickford 2002: 26), and it explores gendered similarities as well as differences. The …

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On The Automation Of Cyber Experimentation, Dhanish Mehta Jun 2018

On The Automation Of Cyber Experimentation, Dhanish Mehta

Theses and Dissertations

There are a variety of tools available to users to perform cyber experimentation, and many of them automate some aspects of the experimentation lifecycle. However, they either support a minimal subset of the tools across various experimentation environments, or solve a particular problem in the cyber experiment lifecycle. In pursuit of making cyber experimentation easier and more efficient, we introduce a new framework that can design, create, execute and analyze experiments and is agnostic of the underlying environments. We show the effectiveness of our framework by presenting a prototype implementation and perform two case studies using the prototype implementation. We …

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Flooring Systems From Locally Grown Casuarina Wood: Performance Evaluation Based On Simulated In-Service Testing, Tariq Mohamed Almahallawi Jun 2018

Flooring Systems From Locally Grown Casuarina Wood: Performance Evaluation Based On Simulated In-Service Testing, Tariq Mohamed Almahallawi

Theses and Dissertations

In Egypt there is a lack of forestry regions and it depends totally on imported wood from several areas as Europe and Australia. Casuarina Glauca Sieber ex Spreng is an evergreen tree with very hard, heavy and a dark-brown structured wood that is grown extensively in Egypt with very little water consumption (often irrigated using waste water), fast growth rate and a relatively low cost. Almost all of the wide range of wood flooring products are imported including hardwood floors, engineered flooring systems and medium density fiber boards. The main objective of this research is to develop a wood flooring …

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Application Of The Entropy Concept To Thermodynamics And Life Sciences: Evolution Parallels Thermodynamics, Cellulose Hydrolysis Thermodynamics, And Ordered And Disordered Vacancies Thermodynamics, Marko Popovic Jun 2018

Application Of The Entropy Concept To Thermodynamics And Life Sciences: Evolution Parallels Thermodynamics, Cellulose Hydrolysis Thermodynamics, And Ordered And Disordered Vacancies Thermodynamics, Marko Popovic

Theses and Dissertations

Entropy, first introduced in thermodynamics, is used in a wide range of fields. Chapter 1 discusses some important theoretical and practical aspects of entropy: what is entropy, is it subjective or objective, and how to properly apply it to living organisms. Chapter 2 presents applications of entropy to evolution. Chapter 3 shows how cellulosic biofuel production can be improved. Chapter 4 shows how lattice vacancies influence the thermodynamic properties of materials. To determine the nature of thermodynamic entropy, Chapters 1 and 2 describe the roots, the conceptual history of entropy, as well as its path of development and application. From …

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Exploration Of The Gossypium Raimondii Genome Using Bionano Genomics Physical Mapping Technology, Christopher Jon Hanson Jun 2018

Exploration Of The Gossypium Raimondii Genome Using Bionano Genomics Physical Mapping Technology, Christopher Jon Hanson

Theses and Dissertations

Cotton is a crop with a large global economic impact as well as a large, complex genome. Most industrial cotton production is from two tetraploid species (Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L.) which contain two subgenomes, specifically the AT and DT subgenomes. The DT subgenome is nearly half the size of the AT subgenome in tetraploid cotton and is closely related to an extant D-genome Gossypium species, G. raimondii Ulbr. Characterization of the structural variants present in diploid D-genome should provide greater insight into the evolution of the DT subgenome in the tetraploid cotton. Bionano (BNG) optical mapping uses …

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Characterizing The Spatial Variation Of Crop Water Productivity For Variable-Rate Irrigation Management, Jeffrey David Svedin Jun 2018

Characterizing The Spatial Variation Of Crop Water Productivity For Variable-Rate Irrigation Management, Jeffrey David Svedin

Theses and Dissertations

Irrigated agriculture is the primary consumer of limited worldwide freshwater resources. Drought, growing world populations, and environmental demands compete with irrigation for freshwater resources"”threatening sustainable global food, fuel, and fiber production. This escalating global crisis demands that agriculture produce more food using less water. Traditional irrigation management has used technology to apply uniform irrigation rates across landscapes"”ignoring natural environmental variation. This provides inherent inefficiencies of over- or under- irrigation within individual fields. Variable-rate irrigation (VRI) is modern technology that employs global positioning systems and geographic information systems to match irrigation to spatially variable crop water demands within a field. Although …

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Photochromic Thermochromic Nanocomposite, Syed M. Mustafa Akailvi Jun 2018

Photochromic Thermochromic Nanocomposite, Syed M. Mustafa Akailvi

Theses and Dissertations

We have proposed a new nanocomposite consisting of F-127 polymer, AuNR and thermochromic dyes (TCD) which change color when they are heated above a tunable transition temperature. This nanocomposite has been demonstrated to show rapid, reversible and easily detectable color change at the timescales of ~60ms without degradation of any of its constituents which makes it a good candidate for in-vitro and in-vivo studies of thermal ablation treatment for cancer. This nanocomposite makes it possible to overcome one of the major shortcomings of photothermal therapy (PTT) and plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) by allowing the detection of heating occurring during PPTT …

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Evaluation Of Pigments From A Purple Variety Of Atriplex Hortensis L. For Use In Food Applications, Eva Graciela Vila Roa Jun 2018

Evaluation Of Pigments From A Purple Variety Of Atriplex Hortensis L. For Use In Food Applications, Eva Graciela Vila Roa

Theses and Dissertations

Atriplex hortensis L., also known as orach, is a leafy vegetable from the Amaranthaceae family, which has historically been consumed as a potherb, like spinach. The brightly colored leaves are a source of high quality protein, but may also be of interest as a potential source of natural food pigments. An aqueous extraction was obtained from the freshly harvested leaves of the'Triple Purple' variety of A. hortensis. The extract was spray-dried into a powder, and individual pigments were analyzed using HPLC and LC-MS. The powder was also included as a color additive in a typical stabilizer/sweetener preparation and mixed into …

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Development Of Affinity Monoliths In 3d Printed Microfluidic Devices For Extraction Of Preterm Birth Biomarkers, Ellen Kelsey Parker Jun 2018

Development Of Affinity Monoliths In 3d Printed Microfluidic Devices For Extraction Of Preterm Birth Biomarkers, Ellen Kelsey Parker

Theses and Dissertations

Preterm birth (PTB) is defined as birth before the 37th week of pregnancy and affects 15 million infants per year. Presently, there is no clinical test to determine PTB risk. A 3D printed microfluidic device is being developed as a clinical test for PTB risk via detection of a panel of biomarkers. A significant step is extraction of the PTB biomarkers from blood serum. In this work, I developed 3D printed microfluidic devices in which monoliths can be polymerized. Using the monolith as a solid support to attach antibody, I show that ferritin, one of the PTB biomarkers, can be …

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Mercury And Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics During Snowmelt In A Montane Watershed, Provo River, Utah., Brian Noel Packer Jun 2018

Mercury And Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics During Snowmelt In A Montane Watershed, Provo River, Utah., Brian Noel Packer

Theses and Dissertations

Mercury (Hg) transport in streams is typically facilitated by dissolved organic matter (DOM), however, the dynamics of Hg and DOM during snowmelt in montane watersheds are poorly understood. Hg transport during snowmelt is widely recognized as a significant source of Hg to downstream lakes and reservoirs, such as Jordanelle Reservoir where fish consumption advisories are in effect due to elevated Hg concentrations in certain species of fish. For this study, total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), and DOM samples were collected at three sites in the upper Provo River, northern Utah, during the 2016 and 2017 water years. To evaluate Hg …

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Diversity In Tiller Suppression Of Domesticated Cereals: Morphologicalvariance Observed In Maize, Sorghum, And Setaria, Muriel Tahiameiani Longstaff Jun 2018

Diversity In Tiller Suppression Of Domesticated Cereals: Morphologicalvariance Observed In Maize, Sorghum, And Setaria, Muriel Tahiameiani Longstaff

Theses and Dissertations

Tillers are vegetative branches found in grasses, which develop in early stages of plant life. Located at the base of the central stalk, tillers have agronomical importance by increasing seed production with fewer tillers, or providing alternative forms of biofuel with more tillers. As grains have typically decreased tiller number while undergoing domestication, we explored wild and domesticated strains of varying grains by doing a morphological analysis on tiller development. This thesis shows how the decrease of tillers through in domestication cereals shows diversity not only across maize, Sorghum, and Setaria, but also between lines of maize and Setaria species. …

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Genomics And Transcriptomics Of Antarctic Nematodes Reveal Drivers Of Life History Evolution And Genome Evolution, Xia Xue Jun 2018

Genomics And Transcriptomics Of Antarctic Nematodes Reveal Drivers Of Life History Evolution And Genome Evolution, Xia Xue

Theses and Dissertations

Elemental stoichiometry defines a critical understanding of the relationship between nutrient availability and usage throughout different levels of the biological community. We found there is a link between available phosphorus (P), cellular phosphorus, and nematode development as postulated by the growth rate hypothesis (GRH). I predicted that in a P-poor environment, cellular RNA concentrations would be lower than they are in P-rich environment, and thus the 18s rRNA expression level will have reduced. To most efficiently regulate the uptake of limited P, I predicted that nematodes in P-poor environments would decrease the number of copies of the 18s rRNA gene …

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Mining The Red Sea Metagenomics Libraries For Betaine Pathways, Sherouk Allam Jun 2018

Mining The Red Sea Metagenomics Libraries For Betaine Pathways, Sherouk Allam

Theses and Dissertations

Glycine Betaine (GB) is a fundamental solute for salinity tolerance in many organisms. Our aim in this study was to identify the GB pathway in highly complex natural community inhabiting brine pool and Red Sea column in Atlantis II Red Sea. Environmental genomics is a powerful tool for collecting information on microbial communities. Knowledge can be collected about highly complex natural communities. Microbial community living in extreme conditions evolved divers molecular mechanisms to withstand these conditions. Metagenomic libraries from Atlantic II samples were used to study betaine biosynthetic pathway that is more abundant. Betaine is synthesized independently from two different …

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Imprisonment For Insolvent Debtors In Egypt With Specific Reference To Al-Gharemoun Cases, Nivert Elsherif Jun 2018

Imprisonment For Insolvent Debtors In Egypt With Specific Reference To Al-Gharemoun Cases, Nivert Elsherif

Theses and Dissertations

Historically, handling debts was a major issue described in the Islamic legal realm and handling insolvent debtors is a category thereof. Recently, in the 21st century in Egypt, the numbers of incarcerated insolvent debtors has increased dramatically constituting one third of the Egyptian prison population. This paper addresses the legal developments relating to adjudication and imprisonment of debtors since the time of the prophet throughout the development of the Islamic legal jurists’ literature that supported practical solutions to debtors’ insolvencies. Investigation of middle age Egyptian and Ottoman court cases are incorporated to prove the success of the Islamic legal system …

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Evaluating The Efficacy Of Liposomal Delivery Of Nedaplatin In Enhancing Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity And Dna Damage In Lung, Breast, And Osteosarcoma Cancer Cell Lines, Salma Abdelnaser Jun 2018

Evaluating The Efficacy Of Liposomal Delivery Of Nedaplatin In Enhancing Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity And Dna Damage In Lung, Breast, And Osteosarcoma Cancer Cell Lines, Salma Abdelnaser

Theses and Dissertations

Today, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide where chemotherapy is one of the common strategies to control it. Platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs (PBDs) are a mainstay in chemotherapy due to their high effectiveness in a wide spectrum of cancer types. Severe toxicity and innate or acquired drug resistance are the two main problems limiting PBD clinical use. One approach to overcome both problems is by employing cancer-targeting drug delivery systems where liposomes, in particular, are gaining much attention in oncology application and have established superior potency compared to the corresponding free drugs in clinical application already. This study …

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Earth-Abundant Nanostructured Catalysts For Solar Fuel Production At Room Temperature, Ahmed Khalifa Said Jun 2018

Earth-Abundant Nanostructured Catalysts For Solar Fuel Production At Room Temperature, Ahmed Khalifa Said

Theses and Dissertations

Improving the performance of solar energy harvesting martials is a challenge facing the renewable energy industry. Over the past few decades, metal oxides have been extensively explored as photoelectrodes for solar-driven production of fuel due to their exceptional stability, semiconducting properties, abundance, and low cost. However, most metal oxides have absorption activity that is limited to the ultraviolet spectral region because of their wide band gap (> 3.0 eV). This is inconvenient because the ultraviolet spectral region contains only 3-5% of all incident solar energy. The current semiconductor technologies resort to either (i) doping as a means of narrowing the …

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Synthesis Of Polysulfone/Polyamide Thin Film Nanocomposite Membranes For Forward Osmosis Applications, Ahmed Omaia Abdelfattah Mohamed Rashed Jun 2018

Synthesis Of Polysulfone/Polyamide Thin Film Nanocomposite Membranes For Forward Osmosis Applications, Ahmed Omaia Abdelfattah Mohamed Rashed

Theses and Dissertations

Forward osmosis (FO) has attracted significant interest as a promising alternative to reverse osmosis (RO) in membrane-based water desalination applications. FO water flux, salt rejection and reverse solute flux are three critical parameters affecting membrane performance. Thin film composite (TFC) membranes have been widely used in FO processes. A typical TFC membrane consists of a rejection polyamide (PA) layer on top of a highly porous support layer. In the current study, carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) were used as nano-fillers in the membrane rejection layer to enhance the FO membrane performance. Polyamide (PA) thin film nano-composite (TFNC) membranes were …

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Climate Change And Its Impact On Coastal Cities: A Case Study From Alexandria, Hend Ismail Jun 2018

Climate Change And Its Impact On Coastal Cities: A Case Study From Alexandria, Hend Ismail

Theses and Dissertations

Throughout history, coastal cities have been influential cities and attracted large population due to their rich resources, trade opportunities as well as eco-social and cultural transfer. Today, such a privilege has been put to question as coastal cities are facing high risk to be significantly damages if not swiped away as a result of Sea Level Rise (SLR) and floods resulting from the drastic climate change. As such, hundreds of millions of urban inhabitants in low and middleincome nations are at risk from direct and indirect negative impacts of climate change. Moreover, climate change when left undealt with may contribute …

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Hela Cell Line, A Model To Study The Role Of Cofactor Of Brca1 In Cervical Cancer, Noha Saad Abd Elhamied Jun 2018

Hela Cell Line, A Model To Study The Role Of Cofactor Of Brca1 In Cervical Cancer, Noha Saad Abd Elhamied

Theses and Dissertations

Being one of the four subunits that makes up the Negative Elongation Factor Complex (NELF), Cofactor of BRCA1 (COBRA1); also known as NELF-B, is able to regulate a number of genes involved in cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell cycle progression and DNA repair. In addition, COBRA1 was shown to interact with other transcription factors such as BRCA1, AP-1 complex and several nuclear receptors. Despite the evidences that suggest COBRA1 as a potential player involved in the progression of a number of cancers, its role in cervical cancer has not been previously investigated. To date, it has been studied in breast, upper …

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Immobilized Titanium Dioxide For Emerging Contaminant Removal In Wastewater, Abdel-Maksoud Yasmine Jun 2018

Immobilized Titanium Dioxide For Emerging Contaminant Removal In Wastewater, Abdel-Maksoud Yasmine

Theses and Dissertations

There have been rising concerns about emerging contaminants that are not efficiently removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants. TiO2 photocatalysis is one of the promising routes for sustainable wastewater treatment. Research on the use of TiO2 photocatalysis for water/wastewater treatment for the removal of persistent non-biodegradable emerging water pollutant is active worldwide. Since the mid-1970s the viability of photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds in water using TiO2 was demonstrated. More than 1,000 substances have been degraded using TiO2. Despite the extensive research on photocatalytic oxidation using TiO2, pilot and demonstration plants through the last four decades are still countable. Widespread …

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The Role Of Online And Social Media In Combating Sexual Harassment In Egypt, Mariam Saleh Jun 2018

The Role Of Online And Social Media In Combating Sexual Harassment In Egypt, Mariam Saleh

Theses and Dissertations

Violence against women - particularly sexual harassment is a widespread problem faced by women around the world. In Egypt, research shows that a large number of women have been harassed at least once in their lifetime. The Egyptian Government, international organizations and non-governmental organizations have been working for several years on interventions and activities to combat sexual harassment. With the widespread use of online and social media in Egypt, this new media became a better and easily accessible form of conveying combating sexual harassment messages. This study, thus, aims to identify ways through which online and social media could be …

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Cofactor Of Brca1 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition And Cell Proliferation In Intermediate Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line, Mennatallah Ghouraba Jun 2018

Cofactor Of Brca1 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition And Cell Proliferation In Intermediate Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line, Mennatallah Ghouraba

Theses and Dissertations

Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks as one of the most lethal types of cancer worldwide and in Egypt. Being complex and heterogenous clinically and molecularly, HCC has a very poor prognosis, and it lacks adequate diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers. Cofactor of BRCA1 (COBRA1); also known as NELF-B, is one of the NELF complex components that stalls RNA polymerase II during transcription elongation and regulates several processes in the cell. Previous studies have shown the upregulation of COBRA1 in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to healthy liver tissue. It was also shown to support cell proliferation and migration in early stages of HCC. …

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The Association Between Personality, Coping And Depressive Symptoms In Adult Patients With Chronic Pain, Reem Mohamed Ahmed Deif Jun 2018

The Association Between Personality, Coping And Depressive Symptoms In Adult Patients With Chronic Pain, Reem Mohamed Ahmed Deif

Theses and Dissertations

As a rising concern in the medical and mental health fields, this study aims to examine predictors of depressive symptoms in a sample of Egyptian chronic pain patients in terms of coping styles and personality traits. Patients with chronic pain are believed to experience different stressors which include, but are not limited to, pain, disability, reduced productivity and financial difficulties. Such factors, in addition to various psychosocial factors, constitute the disease burden of chronic pain. This study examines the degree to which coping styles and personality traits can influence the disease outcome in terms of comorbid depressive symptoms. A total …

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Cooperative Transport In Swarm Robotics. Multi Object Transportation, Aalaa Ibrahim Hamouda Jun 2018

Cooperative Transport In Swarm Robotics. Multi Object Transportation, Aalaa Ibrahim Hamouda

Theses and Dissertations

Swarm robotics is a research field inspired from the natural behavior of ants, bees or fish in their natural habitat. Each group display swarm behavior in different ways. For example, ants use pheromones to trace one another in order to find a nest, reach a food source or do any operation, while bees use dance moves to attract one another to the desired place. In swarm robotics, small robots attempt to mimic insect behavior. The robotic swarm group collaborate to perform a task and collectively solve a given problem. In the process, the robots use the sensors they are equipped …

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Water Scarcity And Population Displacement In Southern Iraq: Perceptions And Reality, Tiba Fatli Jun 2018

Water Scarcity And Population Displacement In Southern Iraq: Perceptions And Reality, Tiba Fatli

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis argues that water scarcity causes significant displacement in Iraq’s southern region. It makes two related sub-points. First, in addition to local factors, international and transnational factors contribute to water scarcity and attendant displacement in Southern Iraq. Second, the stakeholders – whether displaced populations, local government officials, federal policy makers, non-governmental organizations or international development organizations – focus on particular factors of water scarcity rather than addressing the causes holistically. In general, researchers and policy-makers underestimate or neglect water-related causes of displacement, not only in Iraq but globally. Even when addressed, emphasis is placed on local and national causes, …

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Perceptions Of Education For Sustainable Development In Egypt: Prospective Changes In Teaching Practices, Hanan Salah Yusuf Abozaied Jun 2018

Perceptions Of Education For Sustainable Development In Egypt: Prospective Changes In Teaching Practices, Hanan Salah Yusuf Abozaied

Theses and Dissertations

This study explores the perceptions of university faculty members about the concept of Sustainable Development (SD) and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). It focuses on how their different perceptions influenced their teaching practices while addressing sustainability issues with students. The participants are 18 academics in the English department under the faculty of Arts and Humanities in a private university in Egypt. They teach two academic language courses in the advanced level for undergraduates in different disciplines. The study adopts a sociocultural theoretical framework. It uses a qualitative research design. A preliminary survey was conducted at the beginning of the semester …

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Cytotoxic Activity Of The Red Sea Anemone Entacmaea Quadricolor On Liver Cancer Cells, Noha Moataz El Salakawy Jun 2018

Cytotoxic Activity Of The Red Sea Anemone Entacmaea Quadricolor On Liver Cancer Cells, Noha Moataz El Salakawy

Theses and Dissertations

Entacmaea quadricolor (Phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa) is a marine anemone found in Coral Reefs in the Red Sea. Its venom is reported to be a potential anticancer agent when tested on several cancer cell lines; such as skin cancer, and lung cancer cell lines. Yet, none of the earlier studies have characterized the extracted venom, nor tested its activity on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to determine for the first time the potential cytotoxic activity of the Red Sea anemone E. quadricolor on HCC cell line. In addition to the effects of bleaching, seasonality and light …

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A New Approach To Explain Applicant Faking Behaviors: A Model Based On Trait Contract Classification Theory, Yadi Yang Jun 2018

A New Approach To Explain Applicant Faking Behaviors: A Model Based On Trait Contract Classification Theory, Yadi Yang

Theses and Dissertations

Applicant faking behavior (AFB) on personality measures is a problematic phenomenon in selection context. It is important to address applicant faking behaviors because it will result in hiring unqualified people and lead to fairness issues. Researchers have developed many theoretical frameworks to understand applicant faking behaviors, and it is commonly accepted that applicant faking behaviors is an interaction effect of the both situational factors and individual factors. In this study, we examined applicant faking behaviors based on one of the interactional framework, the Trait Contract Classification (TCC) theory (Griffith, Lee, Peterson & Zickar, 2011) which took one step further to …

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