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The United States Growth Over 16 Years Of Student Correct Responses On The Timss: Are We Really That Far Behind?, Jacob Michael Zonts
The United States Growth Over 16 Years Of Student Correct Responses On The Timss: Are We Really That Far Behind?, Jacob Michael Zonts
Theses and Dissertations
National rank on international assessments, as measured in Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), gives a limited view of the data presented. This study used average scale score data from the TIMSS (1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011) that were then disaggregated based on content domains (i.e., number, algebra, measurement, geometry, data, earth science, life science, physical science, biology, physics, and chemistry). These data were graphed to show the growth of the U.S. national average scale scores in comparison to three top scoring countries (i.e., Hong Kong, Japan, and Singapore), and three other post-industrial countries similar to the U.S. …
Improvements In Diffusion Weighted Imaging Through A Composite Body And Insert Gradient Coil System, Peter Austin Jepsen
Improvements In Diffusion Weighted Imaging Through A Composite Body And Insert Gradient Coil System, Peter Austin Jepsen
Theses and Dissertations
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DMRI) is a class of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques with broad medical applications ranging from characterization of tumors and brain damage to potential prediction of stroke. Gradient coil and signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) constraints limit spatial resolution, accuracy, and scan time in DMRI. Achieving high b-values (measures of a scan's sensitivity to diffusion) often require scans with long diffusion gradient pulses, leading to significant magnetic resonance (MR) signal decay before the signal can be sampled. This signal loss reduces the accuracy of diffusion parameter estimation. The ability to sample the MR signal sooner while maintaining …
European Emerging Adults In The Context Of Free Time And Leisure, Eric K. Layland
European Emerging Adults In The Context Of Free Time And Leisure, Eric K. Layland
Theses and Dissertations
Research on emerging adulthood has increased over the past decade, including further investigation of the five features of emerging adulthood: (a) exploring identity, (b) instability, (c) focus on self, (d) feeling in-between, and (e) possibilities (Arnett, 2004). Despite an increased focus on this age period (i.e., 18 -- 29 year olds), research has not addressed the context of free time and leisure. Trends among European emerging adults include increased delay of marriage, decreased childbirth, and general postponement of adult markers. Both the high cultural valuation of leisure and the apparent change in patterns of external markers (i.e., sustained low fertility …
Memory As Ecology In The Poetry Of Tomas Tranströmer, Richelle Jolene Wilson
Memory As Ecology In The Poetry Of Tomas Tranströmer, Richelle Jolene Wilson
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to explore how memory functions ecologically in the poetry of Tomas Tranströmer. The term ecology is useful because of its connotative associations with the natural world as well as its broader definition of being a network of relationships as they function within and relate to their environment. Throughout his oeuvre, Tranströmer positions memory as being an external presence with which he interacts primarily because he honors it as a living being and he feels a poetic responsibility to it. As such, he grapples with the challenges of representation, particularly the limitations of language. Ultimately, …
Visual Attention Bias And Body Dissatisfaction In Eating Disorders, Janet Lydecker
Visual Attention Bias And Body Dissatisfaction In Eating Disorders, Janet Lydecker
Theses and Dissertations
Eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa, have profound negative effects on the quality of life of both affected individuals and their families. Behavioral approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are commonly used for the treatment of these disorders. CBT teaches skills to restructure maladaptive thought patterns as a method of altering feelings and behaviors. However, even after CBT, 50-70% of women with bulimia and 67-87% of women with anorexia report continued eating disordered thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Measuring underlying cognitive processes such as orienting, maintaining, and executive attention in individuals with eating disorder symptomatology might be an important …
Genetic Analysis Of Ethanol Sensitivity And Tolerance In Drosophila, Robin Chan
Genetic Analysis Of Ethanol Sensitivity And Tolerance In Drosophila, Robin Chan
Theses and Dissertations
The genetic pathways influencing alcohol abuse and dependence are poorly characterized. Many critical discoveries about the interactions between ethanol-related behaviors and genetics have been made in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Coupling the statistical power of model organism studies to human association studies bolsters the analytical efficacy of these genomic approaches. A variety of behavioral assays are available for assessing behavioral responses to ethanol in Drosophila. However, we find our previously described eRING assay is influenced by the commonly used transgenic marker mini-white. We developed a Simple Sedation Assay (SSA) that is insensitive to the effects of white and mini-white. …
The Physical Theatre Of War: Language, Memory, And Gender In Black Watch And War Horse, Andrea M. Gunoe
The Physical Theatre Of War: Language, Memory, And Gender In Black Watch And War Horse, Andrea M. Gunoe
Theses and Dissertations
The public's perception of war is influenced by every media story they see, every account they read, and every story they hear. News telecasts and newspapers tend to lean towards a focus of the grand narratives of war such as political involvement and overarching strategy. Media such as books and film can tell a more personal narrative of the events of war and attempt to display how war "really is" through the use of written and visual language that focuses more on how things happened as opposed to simply what happened. Theatre provides a unique perspective on war as the …
Undecided Students: A Study Of Decision-Making Styles And Choosing A College Major At Rowan University, Kathleen Pasquarella
Undecided Students: A Study Of Decision-Making Styles And Choosing A College Major At Rowan University, Kathleen Pasquarella
Theses and Dissertations
The purposes of this study were (a) to investigate the decision-making styles of undecided students who are in the process of choosing a major at Rowan University, (b) to investigate students' reactions to making a real-life decision such as choosing a major, and (c) to determine if there is a significant relationship between students' decision-making styles and the characteristics of gender, ethnicity, and class level. The subjects in this study were undecided, full-time, freshman and sophomore students in the Exploratory Studies Program (ESP) at Rowan University in Glassboro, NJ, during the 2012-2013 academic year. A survey consisting of 59 Likert …
Adam10 Overexpression Dysregulates Notch Signaling In Favor Of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell (Mdsc) Accumulation That Deferentially Modulates The Host Response Depending On Immune Stimuli And Interaction With Mast Cells., Sheinei Saleem
Theses and Dissertations
Although the physiological consequences of Notch signaling in hematopoiesis have been extensively studied, the differential effects of individual notch cleavage products remain to be elucidated. Given that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is a critical regulator of Notch and that its deletion is embryonically lethal, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress ADAM10 at early stages of lymphoid and myeloid development (A10Tg). ADAM10 transgene expression alters hematopoiesis post-hematopoietic Lineage-Sca-1+c-kit+ (LSK) subset differentiation but prior to lineage commitment of progenitor populations. This results in delayed T cell development, abrogated B2 cell development, and dramatic expansion of functionally active myeloid derived suppressor …
Nuclear Bmp2 And The Immune Response, Daniel S. Olsen
Nuclear Bmp2 And The Immune Response, Daniel S. Olsen
Theses and Dissertations
Nuclear bone morphogenetic protein 2 (nBMP2) is a nuclear variant of the secreted growth factor BMP2. Experiments in nBmp2NLStm mutant mice, which lack nBMP2 in the nucleus, have shown that nBMP2 affects intracellular calcium transport in skeletal muscle and hippocampal neurons. The objective of this study was to determine whether nBMP2 affects the immune system, since activation of lymphocytes and other immune cells depends on intracellular calcium transport. We found that spleens in nBmp2NLStm mutant mice were 24% smaller than in wild type mice. The white pulp of the spleen contains many immune cells, particularly B and T lymphocytes and …
Factors Underlying Invasive Grass Fire Regimes In The Mojave Desert And Its Consequences On Plant And Animal Communities, Kevin J. Horn
Factors Underlying Invasive Grass Fire Regimes In The Mojave Desert And Its Consequences On Plant And Animal Communities, Kevin J. Horn
Theses and Dissertations
Climate change and exotic plant invasions are significant anthropogenic threats to desert community structure and resilience . In the Mojave Desert, the invasive grass red brome (Bromusrubens L) is increasing fire frequency and extent in response to climatic factors. The resilience of this ecosystem will be affected by how plant and animal communities respond to fire. To better understand these dynamics, we studied the environmental factors underlying changes in invasive grass fire regimes in the Mojave Desert and its structural and functional effects on plant and animal communities. Following fire, reestablishment of native vegetation can be preempted by repeated burning …
Alignment Between Secondary Biology Textbooks And Standards For Teaching English Learners: A Content Analysis, Joseph H. Hanks
Alignment Between Secondary Biology Textbooks And Standards For Teaching English Learners: A Content Analysis, Joseph H. Hanks
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of the most recent science education reform movement in the U.S. is science literacy for all Americans. Science literacy among U.S. students remains low, however, as compared with students in other industrialized countries, and is lowest among English Language Learner (ELL) students. Although there are barriers to developing science literacy for all adolescent students, ELL students often experience additional barriers that make developing science literacy even more challenging without support. Because textbooks are often heavily relied upon by secondary science teachers, the opportunity for many ELLs to develop science literacy may depend upon the support for these students …
An Investigation Of The Effects Of Integrating Science And Engineering Content And Pedagogy In An Elementary School Classroom, Katie Nicole Barth
An Investigation Of The Effects Of Integrating Science And Engineering Content And Pedagogy In An Elementary School Classroom, Katie Nicole Barth
Theses and Dissertations
Fewer students in the United States are choosing to study and enter careers in the STEM disciplines-Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. This problem is being addressed through current educational reforms focusing on Integrated STEM curriculum and instructional design. This mixed-method quasi-experimental study researched the effects of science-engineering integration on student learning, student attitudes, and student interests in science within an elementary setting through the creation and implementation of an integrated science and engineering unit of instruction focused on the water cycle. Comparisons of student performance on end-of-unit science assessments revealed no significant differences in student learning between students who experienced …
Biogeography And Evolution Of Neotropical Small Mammals, With Emphasis On Hystricognath Spiny Rats Of The Genus Proechimys (Family Echimyidae), Rafael Do Nascimento Leite
Biogeography And Evolution Of Neotropical Small Mammals, With Emphasis On Hystricognath Spiny Rats Of The Genus Proechimys (Family Echimyidae), Rafael Do Nascimento Leite
Theses and Dissertations
The Neotropical region is the most biologically diverse region on the planet. The region encompasses a variety of ecosystems and has long been the target of researchers interested in patterns of species diversity and distribution. More recently, molecular data have been incorporated into methods for reconstructing the historical relationships among geographical areas and their biotas. Molecular phylogenetics has provided insights into diversification patterns and the influence of Late Cenozoic events on the evolutionary history of the region. Nevertheless, considering the vast extent and complexity of the region, more studies are needed to fully appreciate the patterns of biogeography and the …
Parowan Valley Potting Communities: Examining Technological Style In Fremont Snake Valley Corrugated Pottery, Scott M. Ure
Parowan Valley Potting Communities: Examining Technological Style In Fremont Snake Valley Corrugated Pottery, Scott M. Ure
Theses and Dissertations
Defining the Fremont archaeological culture has challenged archaeologists for decades. There is still considerable debate about the origins of the Fremont, their eventual demise, their genetic relationship to modern Native American tribes, and myriad other issues. In nearly a century of Fremont research, socio-political, economic, and religious complexity remain elusive subjects. Examining technological style, the manifestation of socially influenced choices during each step of production as a means of passive communication, is one useful avenue to examine Fremont material culture to uncover the social patterns they may, or may not contain. I examine whether or not technological style in Fremont …
Developmental Signaling Requires Inwardly Rectifying K+ Channels In Drosophila Melanogaster, Giri Raj Dahal
Developmental Signaling Requires Inwardly Rectifying K+ Channels In Drosophila Melanogaster, Giri Raj Dahal
Theses and Dissertations
Inwardly rectifying potassium (IRK/Kir) channels regulate intracellular K+ concentrations and membrane potential. Disruption of Kir2.1 causes dominantly inherited Andersen Tawil Syndrome (ATS). ATS patients suffer from cardiac arrhythmias, periodic paralysis, and cognitive impairment. These symptoms are consistent with current understanding of the role of ion channels in muscle cells and neurons. However, ATS symptoms also include craniofacial and digital deformities such as cleft palate, dental defects, wide set eyes, low set ears, and crooked or fused digits. These developmental defects were not consistent with current understanding of developmental signaling or previously described roles for ion channels. We found that phenotypes …
Susceptibility Of Apoptotic Cells To Hydrolysis By Spla2: Molecular Basis And Mechanisms Defined, Elizabeth Gibbons
Susceptibility Of Apoptotic Cells To Hydrolysis By Spla2: Molecular Basis And Mechanisms Defined, Elizabeth Gibbons
Theses and Dissertations
Secretory phospholipase A2 hydrolyzes phospholipids at a lipid-water interface, resulting in pro-inflammatory products being released from cell membranes. Healthy cells are resistant to cleavage by this enzyme, but apoptotic cells become susceptible to its activity. Only bilayers with certain characteristics are able to be hydrolyzed. Most recently, studies in this lab have emphasized the idea that the biophysical state of the bilayer (in terms of lipid order, spacing, and fluidity) is relevant in determining the probability of one phospholipid escaping the membrane to be hydrolyzed. Prior to this study, it had been shown that apoptotic cells undergo biophysical alterations that …
Personhood And Cloning: Modern Applications And Ethics Of Stem Cell And Cloning Technology, Sariah Cottrell Mccarrey
Personhood And Cloning: Modern Applications And Ethics Of Stem Cell And Cloning Technology, Sariah Cottrell Mccarrey
Theses and Dissertations
Within many communities and religions, including the LDS community, there is some controversy surrounding the use of stem cells – particularly embryonic stem cells (ESC). Much of this controversy arises from confusion and misconceptions about what stem cells actually are, where they come from , and when life begins. The theology of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has interesting implications for the last of these considerations, and it becomes less a question of “when does life begin” and more an exploration of “when does personhood begin” or “when does the spirit enter the body.” With no official …
Aqueous Henry's Law Constants, Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients, And Water Solubility: Critically Evaluated Database, Experimental Analysis, And Prediction Methods, Sarah Ann Brockbank
Aqueous Henry's Law Constants, Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients, And Water Solubility: Critically Evaluated Database, Experimental Analysis, And Prediction Methods, Sarah Ann Brockbank
Theses and Dissertations
A database containing Henry's law constants, infinite dilution activity coefficients and solubility data of industrially important chemicals in aqueous systems has been compiled. These properties are important in predicting the fate and transport of chemicals in the environment. The structure of this database is compatible with the existing DIPPR® 801 database and DIADEM interface, and the compounds included are a subset of the compounds found in the DIPPR® 801 database. Thermodynamic relationships, chemical family trends, and predicted values were carefully considered when designating recommended values. Henry's law constants and infinite dilution activity coefficients were measured for toluene, 1-butanol, anisole, 1,2-difluorobenzene, …
Synthesis, Testing And Crystallographic Studies Of Allosteric Modifiers Of Hemoglobin, Tanvi Deshpande
Synthesis, Testing And Crystallographic Studies Of Allosteric Modifiers Of Hemoglobin, Tanvi Deshpande
Theses and Dissertations
The major physiological function of hemoglobin (Hb) is to bind, transport and deliver oxygen to tissues; made efficient by endogenous effectors, such as protons and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Synthetic allosteric effectors of Hb (AEHs) are also known to modulate Hb oxygen affinity, showing potential for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) and ischemic-related diseases. In this project, AEHs which increase Hb affinity for oxygen, including derivatives of the anti-sickling compounds, 5HMF and benzaldehydes, as well as an AEH that decreases Hb affinity for oxygen, RSR-13, were synthesized for their effects on Hb oxygen binding property and their capability to release NO …
The Role Of Nuclear Bmp2 In The Cell Cycle And Tumorigenesis, Brandt Alan Nichols
The Role Of Nuclear Bmp2 In The Cell Cycle And Tumorigenesis, Brandt Alan Nichols
Theses and Dissertations
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is a secreted growth factor that is essential for proper embryonic development and proliferation. Our laboratory discovered a nuclear variant of BMP2 (nBMP2) which is produced when translation is initiated at an alternative start codon within the BMP2 gene. When translation occurs at the downstream start codon, the resulting protein lacks the ER signal peptide, thereby allowing cytoplasmic translation and nuclear localization. Our aim is to distinguish the role of this nuclear localized variant from secreted BMP2. Overexpression of nBMP2 in HEK293 and HT29 cell lines resulted in a higher percentage of cells in proliferative …
Development And Validation Of The Abstinence Motivation Scale, Natalie Johnson
Development And Validation Of The Abstinence Motivation Scale, Natalie Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to design the Abstinence Motivation Scale-Sex (AMS-Sex), a scale to assess adolescent motivations for sexual abstinence using the self-determination theory (SDT) motivation continuum as a framework. Previous sexual abstinence research, SDT measurement studies, pilot study data, and expert panel feedback were used to develop the initial 77-item AMS-Sex. The sample consisted of 695 adolescents (aged 15 to 18; M age = 16.49, SD = 1.08; 50.8% male) recruited online from the across the U.S. Participants completed an online survey. The sample was randomly split into two samples. Independent samples t-tests indicated that sample 1 …
The Role Of Smpb In Licensing Tmrna Entry Into Stalled Ribosomes, Mickey R. Miller
The Role Of Smpb In Licensing Tmrna Entry Into Stalled Ribosomes, Mickey R. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
Ribosomes translate the genetic information contained in mRNAs into protein by linking together amino acids with the help of aminoacyl-tRNAs. In bacteria, protein synthesis stalls when the ribosome reaches the 3'-end of truncated mRNA transcripts lacking a stop codon. Trans-translation is a conserved bacterial quality control process that rescues stalled ribosomes. Transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) and its protein partner SmpB mimic a tRNA by entering the A site of the ribosome and accepting the growing peptide chain. The ribosome releases the truncated mRNA and resumes translation on the tmRNA template. The open reading frame found on tmRNA encodes a peptide tag …
S3-S4 Linker Modulation Of Voltage Sensor Relaxation In Voltage Gated Potassium Channels, W. Everett Fox
S3-S4 Linker Modulation Of Voltage Sensor Relaxation In Voltage Gated Potassium Channels, W. Everett Fox
Theses and Dissertations
It is commonly assumed that the voltage dependence for activation of voltage-gated channels is an intrinsic characteristic of the protein that remains unchanged during electrical activity. However, sporadic reports have suggested otherwise by showing that voltage dependence changes in a use-dependent manner resulting in a voltage dependence shift towards negative potentials (Bezanilla et al., 1982; Bruening-Wright and Larsson, 2007; Kuzmenkin et al., 2004; Labro et al., 2012; Larsson and Elinder, 2000; Olcese et al., 1997; Piper et al., 2003; Shirokov et al., 1992). Although the mechanism underlying the shift in voltage dependence remains unclear, this process seems to have two …
Perceptions Of English Proficiency Levels: The Unspoken Expectations Of Native English Speakers, Alison Divett Roberts
Perceptions Of English Proficiency Levels: The Unspoken Expectations Of Native English Speakers, Alison Divett Roberts
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigates the relationship between nonnative English speaker (NNES) proficiency level and native English speaker (NES) level of comfort interacting with NNES. The purpose of this study was to discover at what proficiency level NESs feel comfortable interacting with NNES. This study also looked at how communicative task and NES demographic variables affected the proficiency expectations NNESs have for NESs. Participants included 120 NESs and 7 NNESs. The NESs listened to sound clips from the 7 NNESs and rated how comfortable they would feel (on a scale of 0-10, 10 indicating very comfortable) interacting with the speaker in a …
Mindfulness Meditation: Effects Of A Brief Intervention On Cardiovascular Reactivity During Acute Stress, Dustin Lamar Jones
Mindfulness Meditation: Effects Of A Brief Intervention On Cardiovascular Reactivity During Acute Stress, Dustin Lamar Jones
Theses and Dissertations
Mindfulness has historically been cultivated via formal meditation practice and the majority of meditation research examines individuals with extensive training or participants in Mindfulness based stress reduction programs that require considerable expense, a trained facilitator, and take approximately 8 weeks to complete. However, current literature does not speak directly to those who do not have the time or ability for such commitments. Formal mindfulness meditation practice and interventions reduce stress in various populations; however, the outcomes of a one-time intervention are relatively unknown. This study aims to examine whether a one-time (20-min) mindfulness meditation intervention would improve cardiovascular variables during …
The Relief Society And President Spencer W. Kimball's Administration, Carrie L. Taylor
The Relief Society And President Spencer W. Kimball's Administration, Carrie L. Taylor
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the relationship between ideology generated by advocates of the Women's Liberation Movement and President Kimball's purposes of using Relief Society to strengthen Latter-day Saint (LDS) women. Navigating women through the societal attack on womanhood, President Kimball, and other general Church leaders during his administration (1973-1985), taught LDS women of their privilege and duty to the organization and the importance of generating strength through a sisterhood focused on service. Relief Society programs, procedures, and curriculum were evaluated, adjusted, and reinforced to deepen women's commitment to divinely established roles, to enhance women's doctrinal confidence, and expand the influence of …
The Effects Of Gain Of Function Mutant P53 And P63 On Eps8 And Cxcl5 Expression In Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Rubana Masood
The Effects Of Gain Of Function Mutant P53 And P63 On Eps8 And Cxcl5 Expression In Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Rubana Masood
Theses and Dissertations
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the ten most common cancers worldwide, with a survival rate of less than 50%. A class of mutant p53, known as gain of function (GOF) mutant p53, has been found to be expressed in tumors in these patients. GOF mutant p53 not only loses the wild type tumor suppressor functions, but also gains aberrant functions that have been linked to tumorigenesis. In this current study, we utilized a model system consisting of cells derived from HNSCC tumors in order to investigate our hypothesis that GOF mutant p53 enhances, and p63 …
Analysis Of Synephrine Content In Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium L.) Dietary Supplements, Martha L. Newell
Analysis Of Synephrine Content In Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium L.) Dietary Supplements, Martha L. Newell
Theses and Dissertations
Many Americans are either currently taking, or have recently taken, non-prescription dietary supplements. These supplements claim to help prevent or relieve any number of ailments, but are not regulated by any governing body. One common use of dietary supplements is to aid in weight loss. Synephrine, the most abundant active component in bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) extracts, became a regular ingredient in weight loss supplements after the 2004 ephedra ban. The initial goal of this research was to use reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the synephrine content of five dietary supplements and compare …
Intrinsic Religiosity And Adolescent Depression And Anxiety: The Mediating Role Of Components Of Self-Regulation, Brent Charles Black
Intrinsic Religiosity And Adolescent Depression And Anxiety: The Mediating Role Of Components Of Self-Regulation, Brent Charles Black
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the possible mediating role of the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive components of self-regulation as they relate to adolescent intrinsic religiosity and the internalizing problems of teen depression and anxiety. The sample included 459 adolescent respondents from one wave of the Flourishing Families Project, an ongoing longitudinal study. Through the use of Structural Equation Modeling, results showed that cognitive self-regulation partially mediated the relationship between intrinsic religiosity and adolescent depression. Additionally, emotional self-regulation, but not behavioral self-regulation was found to be negatively linked with both depression and anxiety. These findings provide clinicians with greater direction when working with …