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Spiritual And Character Development In Online Education At Brigham Young University, Frederick Roger Hyatt
Spiritual And Character Development In Online Education At Brigham Young University, Frederick Roger Hyatt
Theses and Dissertations
With the increasingly widespread adoption of online learning, education is at an important crossroads. Spirituality and character building were once an important part of formal education. In the more secular modern era, many institutions of higher learning have neglected the spiritual aspects of teaching and learning. There is increasing academic interest in the relationship between spirituality and education. At the same time, relatively little attention has been paid to how spiritual and character development can be facilitated in online courses. This study seeks to better understand the how to develop spirituality and character building more effectively in online education through …
Developing Listening Comprehension In Esl Students At The Intermediate Level By Reading Transcripts While Listening: A Cognitive Load Perspective, Sydney Sohler
Theses and Dissertations
Listening is one of the key skills needed to be proficient in a second language (L2). Some L2 teachers support the development of L2 learners' listening skills by providing input in a different sensory mode (e.g., reading). Nevertheless, developing L2 listening skills using more than one sensory mode, may lead to cognitive overload. In order to provide effective L2 listening instruction, teachers need to know what learning strategies will help students improve their listening skills. This quasi-experimental study examined the benefits of reading a text while listening to it and the effect that reading-while-listening (RWL) has on an L2 learner's …
Effects Of Positive And Negative Emotional Valence On Response Timeduring A Confrontational Naming Task: Findings From People With Aphasia And Young Adults, Corinne Jones Loveridge
Effects Of Positive And Negative Emotional Valence On Response Timeduring A Confrontational Naming Task: Findings From People With Aphasia And Young Adults, Corinne Jones Loveridge
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of emotional arousal and valence on linguistic processing of adults with aphasia and neurotypical young adults. Nine people with aphasia (at least 6 months left hemisphere stroke and presenting with word retrieval deficits) and 20 young adults (reporting no evidence of neurological injury) participated. All participants completed a confrontational naming task during three conditions that were manipulated according to emotional arousal and valence: positive (high arousal, positive valence), negative (high arousal, negative valence), and neutral (low arousal, neutral valence). Average response time was measured for pictures named accurately within …
The Effects Of Distracting Background Audio On Speech Production, Camille Margaret Cowley
The Effects Of Distracting Background Audio On Speech Production, Camille Margaret Cowley
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined changes in speech production when distracting background audio is present. Forty typically speaking adults completed a repetitive sentence reading task in the presence of 5 different audio conditions (pink noise, movie dialogue, heated debate, classical music, and contemporary music) and a silent condition. Acoustic parameters measured during the study included vowel space area (VSA), vowel articulation index (VAI), formant transition extent, formant transition rate, and diphthong duration for /ɑɪ/ and /ɑʊ/. It was hypothesized that there would be significant increases in vowel space area and vowel articulation index as well as an increase in formant transition measures …
A Corpus-Based Study Of The Gender Assignment Of Nominal Anglicisms In Brazilian Portuguese, Taryn Marie Skahill
A Corpus-Based Study Of The Gender Assignment Of Nominal Anglicisms In Brazilian Portuguese, Taryn Marie Skahill
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to analyze the variability of gender assignment to nominal anglicisms in Brazilian Portuguese and to identify how the orthography of English loanwords and their establishment in the language influences such variation. This study also seeks to identify the most important factors that govern such gender assignment. The data were gathered from two Portuguese corpora, one consisting of more formal and edited language (Corpus do Português, News on the Web) and the other consisting of less formal and unaltered language, such as blog posts (Corpus do Português, Web/Dialects). Forty anglicisms were analyzed in order to …
Identifying Language Needs In Community-Based Adult Ells: Findings From An Ethnography Of Four Salvadoran Immigrants In The Western United States, Kathryn Anne Watkins
Identifying Language Needs In Community-Based Adult Ells: Findings From An Ethnography Of Four Salvadoran Immigrants In The Western United States, Kathryn Anne Watkins
Theses and Dissertations
The United States is home to hundreds of thousands of refugees and immigrants who desire to learn English. In contrast to academically-focused English language learners (ELLs), or international students, refugee and immigrant ELLs are often dealing with the stresses of poverty and/or a precarious immigration status, giving them a diverse and complex set of needs that are often not adequately met by ESL programs. Building off a foundation of Activity Theory, Sociocultural Theory, and Language Ecology, which emphasizes an approach to language learning and teaching that does not separate language from the authentic contexts from which it arises (Van Lier, …
Mathematical Identities Of Students With Mathematics Learning Dis/Abilities, Emma Lynn Holdaway
Mathematical Identities Of Students With Mathematics Learning Dis/Abilities, Emma Lynn Holdaway
Theses and Dissertations
The majority of research on the mathematics teaching and learning of students with mathematics learning dis/abilities is not performed in the field of mathematics education, but in the field of special education. Due to this theoretical divide, students with mathematics learning dis/abilities are far more likely to be in classes that emphasize memorization, direct instruction, and the explicit teaching of rules and procedures. Additionally, students with mathematics learning dis/abilities are often seen as "unable" to succeed in school mathematics and are characterized by their academic difficulties and deficits. The negative assumptions, beliefs, and expectations resulting from ableistic practices in the …
The Effect Of Dynamic Written Corrective Feedback For Learners Of Korean, Subin Oh
The Effect Of Dynamic Written Corrective Feedback For Learners Of Korean, Subin Oh
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigates the effectiveness of dynamic written corrective feedback (DWCF) for intermediate learners of Korean as a foreign language (KFL) compared to traditional types of written corrective feedback. DWCF is an innovative method of providing written corrective feedback on students' writing that has primarily been used in English as a second language (ESL) settings. It aims to improve learners' linguistic accuracy and requires multilayered interaction between teachers and students. Although DWCF has been effectively used to increase linguistic accuracy in various ESL settings, it has not yet been widely applied to other language learning settings. This study demonstrates the …
Praise In Written Feedback: How L2 Writers Perceive And Value Praise, Karla Coca
Praise In Written Feedback: How L2 Writers Perceive And Value Praise, Karla Coca
Theses and Dissertations
ESL writing teachers face the challenge of providing written feedback that is both effective and motivating to students. Thus, many end up making use of praise (or positive feedback) before offering criticism. Past research, however, has not put enough emphasis in how students receive praise. In fact, Hyland and Hyland’s (2001) article is one of the few and most recent works to focus on praise above other types of feedback. Yet, they have not accounted for the possibility of different types of praise as Kamins and Dweck (1999) have suggested. In our study, two types of praise (person and performance) …
Teacher Lore Concerning Teaching English Language Learners In Urban Schools: A Reciprocal Determinist Analysis, Helen Clare Colby
Teacher Lore Concerning Teaching English Language Learners In Urban Schools: A Reciprocal Determinist Analysis, Helen Clare Colby
Theses and Dissertations
Changing patterns of immigration have caused schools in the U.S., which previously encountered few to no English Language Learners (ELLs), to see classrooms filled with many ELLs (Massey & Capoferro, 2008; Walker et al., 2004). Existing research on teaching ELLs focused heavily on the work of pre-service or early years educators’ teaching in secondary or post-secondary settings (de Courcy, 2011; Flynt, 2018; Rahman et al., 2018). This study uncovered the teacher lore of four veteran teachers of ELLs employed at a Title I, urban elementary school in the Rocky Mountain region. Data collection and analysis utilized techniques of narrative research, …
Language-Mediated Eye Behaviors During Storybook Reading As Afunction Of Preschool Language Ability, Emily Joy Nicholls
Language-Mediated Eye Behaviors During Storybook Reading As Afunction Of Preschool Language Ability, Emily Joy Nicholls
Theses and Dissertations
Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) are at risk for reading disability and academic failure, and there remains a lack of scientific consensus about the underlying deficits that may explain their language difficulties. This study examined how language ability predicts preschoolers' eye movements during a naturalistic storybook reading task, a possible indicator of comprehension processes in real-time. We used eye-tracking measures to examine comprehension processes in 49 preschoolers with wide-ranging language abilities, using language skill as a continuous predictor variable. Participants viewed and listened to a storybook presented on an eye-tracking computer. Portions of each illustration that corresponded with a …
The Development And Preliminary Evidence Of Validity And Reliability Of A Spanish Static And Dynamic Assessment Of Decoding, Kayla Brooke Ditty
The Development And Preliminary Evidence Of Validity And Reliability Of A Spanish Static And Dynamic Assessment Of Decoding, Kayla Brooke Ditty
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the current study was to develop and administer a Spanish static and dynamic assessment of decoding and other important reading measures. Using the best available resources regarding Spanish literacy acquisition and Spanish language development, a preliminary Spanish dynamic and static screener was developed. The resulting test was named the Spanish Dynamic Decoding Measure (S-DDM) and is a counterpart to the original DDM available in English. This test contains three subtests: decoding, phonemic awareness, and word identification. The S-DDM was administered to eight bilingual Spanish-English speaking students with varying levels of Spanish language ability and reading proficiency in …
Mystic Identifications: Reading Kenneth Burke And “Non-Identification” Through Asian American Rhetoric, Nathan D. Wood
Mystic Identifications: Reading Kenneth Burke And “Non-Identification” Through Asian American Rhetoric, Nathan D. Wood
Theses and Dissertations
Krista Ratcliffe’s term “non-identification” offers a version of identification that assumes identity is not always identifiable. As an attitude that fosters cross-cultural listening, non-identification asks us to listen to others from a place of “neutrality,” with “hesitancy,” “humility,” and “pause” in order to consider identity’s fluid nature (73). This thesis first argues that this term might also describe speaking strategies premised on non-identifiability. As I’ll show, an inventive non-identification would articulate some rhetorical strategies that neither “identification” nor “disidentification” currently articulate. However, rhetorical scholars need more theoretical and practical guidance for what this kind of speech looks like. So, this …
Effect Of Positive And Negative Emotion On Naming Accuracy In Adults With Aphasia, Courtney Paige Nielsen
Effect Of Positive And Negative Emotion On Naming Accuracy In Adults With Aphasia, Courtney Paige Nielsen
Theses and Dissertations
This is a preliminary study investigating the effects of emotion on a confrontational naming task in people with aphasia (PWA). Previous research investigating the effects of emotion on various language tasks in PWA has produced mixed findings with some suggesting a facilitative effect and others an inhibitory effect. Participants included 9 adults with aphasia as the result of a stroke, resulting in the presence of word-finding deficits (i.e., anomia). Participants named images in positive, negative, and neutral conditions. Responses were scored as either correct or incorrect; incorrect responses were coded further to illustrate individual error patterns. The majority of participants …
Instructor Perceptions Of Effective Teaching In Lmoocs And Strategies Utilized To Enhance Learner Engagement, Sara Matlack
Instructor Perceptions Of Effective Teaching In Lmoocs And Strategies Utilized To Enhance Learner Engagement, Sara Matlack
Theses and Dissertations
The present study aims to investigate key strategies LMOOC instructors use to enhance learner engagement, their perceptions of effective LMOOC teaching, and the major challenges they face. A sequential mixed methods approach using quantitative and qualitative methods was used. A sample of ten LMOOC instructors participated in the online questionnaire and four interviews were conducted. Content analysis on four top rated LMOOCs was conducted to further validate engagement strategies used. Quantitative results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data was divided into themes. The results concluded that the top three engagement strategy themes were interaction, participation, and content. Overall, LMOOC …
Adverbial Clauses Introduced With ‘ Cuando’, Julen Carrasco Oteo
Adverbial Clauses Introduced With ‘ Cuando’, Julen Carrasco Oteo
Theses and Dissertations
The meaning differences that the temporal-aspectual system and the indicative and subjunctive versions of sentences trigger in the Spanish language are the cornerstone of its semantic and syntactic possibilities. These possibilities increase if we take into account not only all the types of subordinate clauses that exist in Spanish, but also the number of Spanish- speaking communities spread around the globe. This synchronic corpus-based study of Spanish major varieties focuses on dependent adverbial clauses introduced with ‘cuando’ (‘when’) in order to examine indicative and subjunctive mood distribution. Prescriptive standards tend to be too broad if they are applied to explain …
Gender Vs. Sex: Defining Meaning In A Modern World Through Use Of Corpora And Semantic Surveys, Mary Elizabeth Garceau
Gender Vs. Sex: Defining Meaning In A Modern World Through Use Of Corpora And Semantic Surveys, Mary Elizabeth Garceau
Theses and Dissertations
Considerable resources in U.S. legal studies are devoted to determining the precise meaning of contested terms specifically in statutory interpretation. Traditional judicial approaches have defined meaning using dictionaries. This reliance has led to Mouritsen’s (2010) observation that "the judicial conception of lexical meaning—i.e., what judges think about what words mean … is often [subjectively] outcome determinative." Beginning with Mouritsen’s (2010) article, a movement in U.S. legal scholarship offers corpus linguistics as a more objective method to resolving contested meaning (Lee and Mouritsen, 2018). However, I assert that weaknesses still exist in contemporary applications of corpus linguistics to legal interpretation. I …
The Attributive Suffix In Pastaza Kichwa, Barrett Wilson Hamp
The Attributive Suffix In Pastaza Kichwa, Barrett Wilson Hamp
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis is a corpus-based description of the attributive suffix -k in Pastaza Kichwa, a Quechuan language spoken in lowland Amazonian Ecuador. The goal of this work is, first, to describe the behaviors, characteristics, and functions of the suffix using data from the Corpus of Pastaza Kichwa (Rice 2018a), and second, to offer a typological analysis of these behaviors in order to identify the most appropriate classification for the suffix. The suffix has previously been described as a nominalizer (Nuckolls & Swanson, forthcoming), and the equivalent suffix in other Quechuan varieties has been described as an agentive nominal relativizer (Weber …
Mental Contrasting As A Technique To Lower Learners' Levels Of Anxiety When Completing Communicative Tasks In A Chinese Beginning Classroom, Tzu-Hsiang Chien
Mental Contrasting As A Technique To Lower Learners' Levels Of Anxiety When Completing Communicative Tasks In A Chinese Beginning Classroom, Tzu-Hsiang Chien
Theses and Dissertations
Learning a foreign language is stressful. If learners are anxious, they might be less confident and less willing to communicate (MacIntyre, Dörnyei, Clément, & Noels, 1998). Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) are widely used in the field of personal health, career pursuit among others. I introduce mental contrasting techniques to Chinese teaching and learning to see if MCII help learners lower their anxiety level. Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale is implemented to test participants’ self-perceived anxiety. Participants’ cortisol in saliva serve as a manifestation of participants’ anxiety (i.e., stress) levels and as a measure of the changes of their …
Retaining School Psychologists: The Role Of District Level Administrative Supervisors, Rachel Ruth Butler
Retaining School Psychologists: The Role Of District Level Administrative Supervisors, Rachel Ruth Butler
Theses and Dissertations
The school psychologist shortage has been a persistent problem in education, and there is a lack of research on what current administrative supervisors are doing to address shortages. This study examined the perceptions of district leaders regarding the recruitment and retention of school psychologists. Participants included 19 administrative supervisors in public school districts in Colorado (CO), Utah (UT), Nevada (NV), and Wyoming (WY). Data for this qualitative study were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with administrative supervisors of school psychologists. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for common themes. A total of 10 themes were identified, and the first theme reflected …
Understanding Attraction, Behavior, And Identity In The Asexual Community, Corey Doremus
Understanding Attraction, Behavior, And Identity In The Asexual Community, Corey Doremus
Theses and Dissertations
Models of sexuality have evolved substantially in the past several decades through the inclusion of new aspects which were previously overlooked. Components such as romantic attraction and behavior have also traditionally been included in models of sexuality. However, romantic and sexual orientations do not coincide for all individuals. A population for which this is true and one that has developed a robust language for discussing romantic orientation is the asexual community. The current study aims to examine romantic and sexual orientation through patterns found within the factors of attraction, behavior, and identity in the asexual community. Within this sample, aspects …
A Quest To Understand The Literacy Practices Of Homeless Children Who Are Living In Extended-Stay Motels, Suzanne Curry Thomason
A Quest To Understand The Literacy Practices Of Homeless Children Who Are Living In Extended-Stay Motels, Suzanne Curry Thomason
Theses and Dissertations
This qualitative ethnographic study was conducted to explore the literacy practices of children who are homeless. Participants included six emergent readers from four families living in extended-stay motels. The participants were observed during interactive writing and shared reading lessons during a summer program hosted at a cooperating nonprofit agency. Three research questions were used to explain the phenomenon: 1) What literacy activities are a part of families who are homeless? 2) How does a child who is homeless respond to the structure and availability of a summer literacy program as a writer? 3) How will a homeless child’s attitudes towards …
Evidentiality, Epistemic Modality And Mirativity: The Case Of Cantonese Utterance Particles Ge3, Laak3, And Lo1, Ka Fai Law
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines a set of three utterance particles—ge3, laak3, and lo1—in Hong Kong Cantonese in terms of evidentiality, epistemic modality, and mirativity. Cantonese utterance particles have long been studied; however, close investigation of evidentiality and mirativity on a small set of particles is relatively rare. Previous accounts claim that ge3 and laak3 convey certainty. On the other hand, linguists also claim that the use of the utterance particle lo1 assumes a high level of knowledge from a hearer. This thesis has two main purposes: to untangle the differences between the utterance particles ge3 and laak3 in terms of epistemic …
"The World Without A Self": Non-Being And Ontological Leveling In Virginia Woolf's The Waves, Morgan Ashley Lewis
"The World Without A Self": Non-Being And Ontological Leveling In Virginia Woolf's The Waves, Morgan Ashley Lewis
Theses and Dissertations
Virginia Woolf is perhaps best known for her explorations and depictions of human consciousness. However, more contemporary science reveals that consciousness is only a small part of what constitutes our brain function. Rather, there are a dual functions within the human brain: consciousness and cognition. This nonconscious cognition is what allows us to see patterns, to make judgements, and to act reflexively, while consciousness is the function that shapes our individual identity and the story we tell about ourselves. Though previous studies have focused primarily on Woolf's representations of consciousness in her short stories and novels, there is much left …
Dyslexia Beyond The Word: An Ecological Study Of Specific Reading Disorder, Benjamin T. Carter
Dyslexia Beyond The Word: An Ecological Study Of Specific Reading Disorder, Benjamin T. Carter
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation discusses the effects of dyslexia on reading behavior and cognition. It does so by first outlining the overall incidence of dyslexia, providing current definitions, giving a history of scientific inquiry and discussing relevant contemporary research. Thirteen different analyses are then discussed (ten a priori and three post-hoc). Individuals with dyslexia were found to have increased fixation duration, first run dwell time, total dwell time, and refixation probability. The dyslexia group was also highly sensitive to lexical predictability. Within the reading network, the BOLD response was depressed in dyslexia during reading in the following regions: the left medial and …
How Can Sense-Data Processing Generate Perception?, Marian Reda Asaad Ghattas
How Can Sense-Data Processing Generate Perception?, Marian Reda Asaad Ghattas
Theses and Dissertations
Sensory perception is an experience that we get on a continuous basis. We live through the experience, we get introduced to things that we consider completely different from ourselves, we get through the event and sometimes recall the features of the entities that we encounter but at other times, we don’t. The study of sensory perception interests diverse disciplines and is a concern of epistemology, or the theory of knowledge. The question of if and how sense perception yields reliable knowledge has been a main subject matter in the study of knowledge throughout the history of philosophy. Different epistemological traditions …
Analyzing Stance In Online Threat Discourse By Anti-Immigration Attackers: An Integrated Approach, Marwa Mustafa
Analyzing Stance In Online Threat Discourse By Anti-Immigration Attackers: An Integrated Approach, Marwa Mustafa
Theses and Dissertations
The present study examines the construct of stance in two subsequent threat manifestos recently published by anti-immigrant attackers in the year 2019. The first one, The Great Replacement, was published online by Brenton Tarrant before shooting and “murdering 51 people in two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand” (Roy, 2020) in March 2019. The second manifesto, The Inconvenient Truth, was published online as well by Patrick Crusius before “killing 22 people and injuring dozens of others at an El Paso Walmart” in Texas, USA (Moore & Berman, 2020) in August 2019. For this purpose, a ‘synergy’ of critical discourse analysis (CDA) …
The Effects Of Handwriting And Typing Practice On Transcriptional Fluency And Written Product Outcomes, Brian Klein
The Effects Of Handwriting And Typing Practice On Transcriptional Fluency And Written Product Outcomes, Brian Klein
Theses and Dissertations
A child’s handwriting fluency may have implications on his or her quality of writing. The same may be true of typing fluency. The current study examines the effects of handwriting and typing practice on early elementary school children’s transcriptional fluency and written product outcomes. Three classrooms of second-grade students were assessed in both domains before and after a 40-day intervention. Measures were taken in both handwriting and typing modes. One classroom practiced handwriting, one practiced typing, and a third served as a control group. Data were analyzed to determine differences in transcriptional fluency and written product outcomes across time and …
An Investigation Into The Optimal Use Of Frequency-Based Weights To Improve The Performance Of Entity Resolution, Bingyi Zhong
An Investigation Into The Optimal Use Of Frequency-Based Weights To Improve The Performance Of Entity Resolution, Bingyi Zhong
Theses and Dissertations
Using a weight-based match score has been studied as a way to improve the accuracy of record linking (entity resolution) since Fellegi and Sunter first described the idea of probabilistic agreement and disagreement weights in their seminal work “A Theory of Record Linking.” However, the original work only described weight associated with an entity attribute. Later researchers such as Herzog et al suggested the weighting scheme could be extended to apply to frequently-occurring attribute values (frequency-based weights) instead of just the attribute as in the Fellegi-Sunter scheme. However, there has been little definitive research as to how frequency-based weights should …
On The Racialized Self-Production Of The Egyptian State: Hierarchical Structures Of Refugee Exclusion, Hend Ahmed Mohamed
On The Racialized Self-Production Of The Egyptian State: Hierarchical Structures Of Refugee Exclusion, Hend Ahmed Mohamed
Theses and Dissertations
This study aims to examine the ‘racialized self-production’ of the Egyptian state through the lens of its practices of exclusion against the Sudanese, Ethiopian, and Syrian refugee communities. The study provides an understanding of the Egyptian state’s practices of racialization and its production of a hierarchy of ‘whiteness’. This study argues that the Egyptian racialized self-production and hierarchy of ‘whiteness’ shape the extent and types of practices of exclusion exhibited against the aforementioned refugee communities. This thesis looks at how practices of statehood in Egypt are entrenched in racial hierarchies and ‘structures of whiteness’ and relatedly, the extent to which …