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Citizen Journalism And Digital Voices: Instituting A Collaborative Process Between Global Youth, Technology And Media For Positive Social Change, Robin Worley
Theses and Dissertations
Millions of youths in developing countries are described by UNICEF as "invisible and excluded." They live at the margins of society, facing challenges to their daily existence, powerless to make positive changes. But the emergence of citizen journalism and digital storytelling may offer these youths a chance to share their voices and positively impact their lives. The Internet and mobile devices have allowed ordinary citizens to become citizen journalists by sharing news when and where it happens with a global audience. Digital storytelling is also growing as a means of sharing one's personal story with a larger audience than ever …
Genetic Manipulation Of The Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia Hermsii Permits Novel Investigation Into The Role Of Factor H Binding In Borrelial Virulence, Lindy Fine
Theses and Dissertations
Borrelia hermsii, an etiologic agent of tick-borne relapsing fever, binds negative complement regulator factor H (FH) via its FhbA protein. Direct demonstration of the role of FhbA in the disease process has been hindered by the lack of genetic manipulation systems for the relapsing fever Borrelia. Here, we demonstrate successful generation of a B. hermsii strain YOR fhbA deletion mutant (Bh YORΔfhbA) that constitutively produces green fluorescent protein (GFP). Genetic manipulation did not affect growth rate or plasmid composition. Bh YORΔfhbA lost factor H-binding and C3b-inactivation capabilities, but retained resistance to killing in human serum and infectivity in mice. Stable …
Strategies To Resolve The Three-Dimensional Structure Of The Genome Of Small Single-Stranded Icosahedral Viruses, Eduardo Sanz Garcia
Strategies To Resolve The Three-Dimensional Structure Of The Genome Of Small Single-Stranded Icosahedral Viruses, Eduardo Sanz Garcia
Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this study is the three-dimensional structural characterization of the genome packaging inside viral capsids via cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction. The genome of some single-stranded viruses can be densely packaged within their capsid shells. Several stretches of the genome are known to adopt stable secondary structures, however, to date, little is known about the three-dimensional organization of the genome inside their capsid shells. Two techniques have been developed to facilitate the structural elucidation of genome packaging: the asymmetric random-model method, and the symmetry-mismatch, random model method. Both techniques were successfully tested with model and experimental data. The …
Inferential Methods For High-Throughput Methylation Data, Maria Capparuccini
Inferential Methods For High-Throughput Methylation Data, Maria Capparuccini
Theses and Dissertations
The role of abnormal DNA methylation in the progression of disease is a growing area of research that relies upon the establishment of sound statistical methods. The common method for declaring there is differential methylation between two groups at a given CpG site, as summarized by the difference between proportions methylated db=b1-b2, has been through use of a Filtered Two Sample t-test, using the recommended filter of 0.17 (Bibikova et al., 2006b). In this dissertation, we performed a re-analysis of the data used in recommending the threshold by fitting a mixed-effects ANOVA model. It was determined that the 0.17 filter …
Effects Of Diabetic State And Gender On Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion By Human Macrophages Infected With Burkholderia Pseudomallei, Annette J. Blam
Effects Of Diabetic State And Gender On Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion By Human Macrophages Infected With Burkholderia Pseudomallei, Annette J. Blam
Theses and Dissertations
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative opportunistic soil pathogen that causes the life-threatening disease melioidosis. It is endemic in Northern Australia and Southeast Asia but can be found throughout many other regions in the world. Diabetes mellitus is a predisposing risk factor for infection with this organism and it has been demonstrated that diabetic males are particularly susceptible to severe infection. Previous research suggested that monocytes isolated from the whole blood of diabetic males demonstrated a decreased ability to produce the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8. We hypothesized that monocyte-derived macrophages from diabetic males would also secrete lower levels of pro-inflammatory …
Do General, Community Hospitals Compete By Specializing In High Volume, High Revenue-Generating Service Lines?, Nancy J. Muller
Do General, Community Hospitals Compete By Specializing In High Volume, High Revenue-Generating Service Lines?, Nancy J. Muller
Theses and Dissertations
To determine if general, community hospitals show evidence of specializing in the nation's six highest volume, highest revenue-generating service lines, 2003-2007 data of hospitals throughout Florida, Virginia, and Nevada were analyzed using backward deletion, stepwise regression. Service lines selected for study were cardiac surgery, cardiology, invasive cardiology, orthopedics, labor and delivery, and pulmonary services. Results do show evidence of specialization, but characteristics of hospitals vary by service line. Findings suggest that the general, community hospital, traditionally a full-service provider, may be undergoing transformation including specialization. The study demonstrates the usefulness of studying specialization at the service line level.
Handling External Events Efficiently In Gillespie's Stochastic Simulation Algorithm, Brad Geltz
Handling External Events Efficiently In Gillespie's Stochastic Simulation Algorithm, Brad Geltz
Theses and Dissertations
Gillespie's Stochastic Simulation Algorithm (SSA) provides an elegant simulation approach for simulating models composed of coupled chemical reactions. Although this approach can be used to describe a wide variety biological, chemical, and ecological systems, often systems have external behaviors that are difficult or impossible to characterize using chemical reactions alone. This work extends the applicability of the SSA by adding mechanisms for the inclusion of external events and external triggers. We define events as changes that occur in the system at a specified time while triggers are defined as changes that occur to the system when a particular condition is …
The Expression Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 And -2 In Olfactory Injury And Recovery, Stephen Bakos
The Expression Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 And -2 In Olfactory Injury And Recovery, Stephen Bakos
Theses and Dissertations
The olfactory system has the remarkable capacity for neurogenesis following injury. However, the molecular mechanisms important for reinnervation of the olfactory bulb (OB) remain unknown. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important components in many central nervous system (CNS) injury paradigms, yet remain unexplored in olfactory injury and recovery. To address the role of MMPs, the temporal expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-2 were examined in 3 olfactory injury models: nerve transection (NTx), methyl bromide gas (MeBr) exposure, and nerve transection with Teflon barrier (NTx-TB). Each injury model represents a different degree of olfactory injury and neuronal recovery. In NTx, sensory axons …
B Cell Adam10 Activity Is Increased By Kainate Receptor Activation: Potential Role Of This Pathway In Th2 Immunity And Cancer, Jamie Sturgill
B Cell Adam10 Activity Is Increased By Kainate Receptor Activation: Potential Role Of This Pathway In Th2 Immunity And Cancer, Jamie Sturgill
Theses and Dissertations
CD23 has long been appreciated to be a natural, negative regulator of IgE synthesis. This understanding is due in part to animal models in which CD23 deficient or CD23 transgenic animals display exacerbated or reduced IgE levels respectively. Interestingly, CD23 is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage from the cell surface. When this occurs, CD23 loses its regulatory capability and the solubilized form can lead to pro-inflammatory events through its cytokinergic activity on macrophages. Thus, targeting this specific cleavage would be beneficial to the control of allergic disease by stabilizing CD23 at the cell surface. Inhibitor studies performed by our group as …
Dielectrophoretic Characterization Of Particles And Erythrocytes, Soumya Keshavamurthy Srivastava
Dielectrophoretic Characterization Of Particles And Erythrocytes, Soumya Keshavamurthy Srivastava
Theses and Dissertations
Medical lab work, such as blood testing, will one day be near instantaneous and inexpensive via capabilities enabled by the fast growing world of microtechnology. In this research study, sorting and separation of different ABO blood types have been investigated by applying alternating and direct electric fields using class=SpellE>dielectrophoresis in microdevices. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microdevices, fabricated by standard photolithography techniques have been used. Embedded perpendicular platinum (Pt) electrodes to generate forces in AC dielectrophoresis were used to successfully distinguish positive ABO blood types, with O+ distinguishable from other blood types at >95% confidence. This is an important foundation for exploring …
Prevalence Of Campylobacter Jejuni In Newly Constructed Broiler Houses, Krista Nicole Eberle
Prevalence Of Campylobacter Jejuni In Newly Constructed Broiler Houses, Krista Nicole Eberle
Theses and Dissertations
Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter in newly constructed broiler houses and compare three microaerophilic gas delivery methods used to culture Campylobacter in the laboratory. Of 2,300 litter, 900 fecal, and 45 water samples, only 5, 6 and 1 of the samples, respectively, were confirmed positive. style='mso-spacerun:yes'> Results indicated litter moisture content was different across day, location and house. An interaction was detected for litter pH between day, location and flock. Temperatures averaged 26.8°C inside and 27.6°C outside. style='mso-spacerun:yes'> No difference in …
Tissue Engineering Cartilage For Focal Defects, Scott Chi Tran
Tissue Engineering Cartilage For Focal Defects, Scott Chi Tran
Theses and Dissertations
Articular cartilage provides a near frictionless surface for the articulating ends of bones. Cartilage functions to lubricate and transmit compressive forces resulting from joint loading and impact. If damaged, whether by traumatic injury or disease, cartilage lacks the ability for self-repair. This study explores the production of scaffoldree cartilage and investigates the effect of Tissue Growth Technologies’ CartiGen Bioreactor on the cartilage. Chondrocyte and bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) attachment to chitosan is also investigated in hopes of producing a bilayered construct for osteochondral repair. Results demonstrate that culturing of scaffoldree cartilage in the CartiGen bioreactor resulted in an enhancement …
Understanding Molecular Aspects Of Catfish-Pathogen Interactions, Pradeepkumar Reddy Dumpala
Understanding Molecular Aspects Of Catfish-Pathogen Interactions, Pradeepkumar Reddy Dumpala
Theses and Dissertations
The catfish industry suffers losses primarily due to enteric septicemia of catfish and columnaris disease caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare, respectively. Understanding the host-pathogen interactions is vital for prevention and eradication of these diseases. Hence, the overall objective of this study was to analyze whole cell proteomes of these two bacteria, and to determine the changes in E. ictaluri protein expression against in vitro iron-restriction and host serum treatment. High-throughput proteomic analysis of these bacteria was conducted using two-dimensional liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2-D LC ESI MS/MS) and two-dimentional gel electrophoresis coupled with …
Mode Of Action And Characterization Of A Novel Biological Response Modifier Isolated From Fractionated Caprine Serum, Charles Joseph Matyi
Mode Of Action And Characterization Of A Novel Biological Response Modifier Isolated From Fractionated Caprine Serum, Charles Joseph Matyi
Theses and Dissertations
Immune Cell Potentiating Factor (ICPF) represents a class of biological response modifiers initially only found within active caprine serum fractions. Controlled studies have since demonstrated active ICPF derived from several non-caprine mammalian sources; including equine and human. ICPF is able to increase survivability in murine gram negative induced sepsis (60%) as well as secondary infection and subsequent sepsis in canines infected within canine parvo virus 2 (36%) despite showing no innate antiviral properties. ICPF is able to initiate systemic proteomic changes within several organ systems; including serum, liver, brain, lung, and spleen. ICPF initiated an early acute phase response, specifically …
Characterization And Crystallization Of The Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Trmd, Zohal Hamidi
Characterization And Crystallization Of The Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Trmd, Zohal Hamidi
Theses and Dissertations
One third of the world’s population is affected by Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtB). The emergence of multidrug-resistant MtB makes this disease a major public health concern. New agents are needed to treat TB infections in a manner that circumvents existing pathways of resistance. One strategy is to target the organism at the translational level by inhibiting vital modifications of RNA. One gene responsible for these modifications is the tRNA (guanosine-1)-methyltransferase, trmD, which has been shown to be essential in several bacteria. The eukaryotic and bacterial m1G methyltransferases are structurally dissimilar, making this enzyme …
Interactions Of Burkholderia Pseudomallei And Acanthamoeba Castellanii And Their Effects On Virulence In Human Monocytes, Emily Ann Moore
Interactions Of Burkholderia Pseudomallei And Acanthamoeba Castellanii And Their Effects On Virulence In Human Monocytes, Emily Ann Moore
Theses and Dissertations
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis, is a saprophytic bacterium existing endemically in the water and soil of SE Asia and Northern Australia. This organism has shown the ability to remain dormant in its host for decades. B. thailandensis is a closely related non-pathogenic near neighbor that is also found in these soils. It has been suggested that free-living amoeba could be natural reservoirs for these organisms. The interactions of Burkholderia species and Acanthamoeba castellanii, a species of free-living amoeba, were studied to better understand the natural ecology of these organisms and to determine the effects amoeba …
Molecular Mechanisms Involved Involved In The Interaction Effects Of Hcv And Ethanol On Liver Cirrhosis, Ryan Fassnacht
Molecular Mechanisms Involved Involved In The Interaction Effects Of Hcv And Ethanol On Liver Cirrhosis, Ryan Fassnacht
Theses and Dissertations
The leading causes of liver disease are Hepatitis C virus infection and chronic alcohol abuse. Alcohol accelerates liver disease in HCV but the mechanisms are poorly understood. The identification of molecular gene expression profiles on human liver tissue was performed using microarrays. Samples were obtained from alcoholic-cirrhotic, HCV-cirrhotic, HCV/alcohol-cirrhotic and control non-cirrhotic liver tissue. Probe set expression summaries were calculated using RMA. Probe set level linear models were fit where probe set expression was modeled by HCV status, alcohol status, and the interaction between HCV and Alcohol. HCV cirrhosis was associated with up-regulation of genes related to viral and immune …
Humor As A Moderating Variable Of The Relationship Between Family Conflict And Self-Regulation In Children: A Two-Year Panel Study, Kristiane Madsen
Humor As A Moderating Variable Of The Relationship Between Family Conflict And Self-Regulation In Children: A Two-Year Panel Study, Kristiane Madsen
Theses and Dissertations
Conflict is a common problem among families, and children may be negatively affected by this family dynamic. Some family characteristics may protect children from negative effects, even in the midst of conflict. Though little research has been conducted addressing familial effects of humor, the current longitudinal study examined the moderating effect of humor on the relationship between family conflict and child self regulation. Two hundred ninety six two-parent families from the Seattle area were surveyed and observed as a party of Brigham Young University's Flourishing Family Project. Family conflict and coded humor from an observation task were assessed at time …
Children Adopted Internationally Examining Developmental Status At Arrival And Six Month Follow Up, Ann Mccormick
Children Adopted Internationally Examining Developmental Status At Arrival And Six Month Follow Up, Ann Mccormick
Theses and Dissertations
In the past 5 years, almost 100,000 children have been internationally adopted. Research suggests that many of these children have growth and developmental delays, but few large scale studies have been completed. In the current study data obtained from a restrospective chart review of 534 children followed in the International Adoption Clinic at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center between 1999 and 2007 was analyzed. Prevalence of developmental delays and sensory processing issues initially and after 6 months in country, the relationship of delays/issues with previously identified risk factors, and the frequency of recommendations for early intervention (EI) and therapy services …
Ex Vivo Expansion Of Tumor-Specific T Cells With Sequential Common Gamma Chain Cytokines Render Them Refractory To Mdsc Upon Adoptive Immunotherapy., Debasmita Basu
Theses and Dissertations
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous population of immature cells at various stages of differentiation, characterized by the presence of CD11b and Gr1 in mice. They are major contributors of the tumor-induced immune suppression against the tumors. So far, various strategies have been introduced to overcome the endogenous MDSCs. Most of these approaches rely on the elimination of MDSCs and it is not clear whether tumor-reactive T cells may be differentiated towards phenotypes that are refractory to MDSCc. Our laboratory has previously shown that high affinity T cells derived from tumor-sensitized wild-type FVB mice and expanded ex vivo with …
Strategies For Deriving A Single Measure Of The Overall Burden Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Hospitals, Alessandro Orlando
Strategies For Deriving A Single Measure Of The Overall Burden Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Hospitals, Alessandro Orlando
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Antimicrobial-resistant infections result in hospital stays costing between $18,000 and $29,000. As of 2009, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services no longer upgrade payments for hospital-acquired infections. Hospital epidemiologists monitor and document rates of individual resistant microbes in antibiogram reports. Overall summary measures capturing resistance within a hospital may be useful. Objectives: We applied four techniques (L1- and L2-principal component analysis (PCA), desirability functions, and simple summary) to create summary measures of resistance and described the four summary measures with respect to reliability, proportion of variance explained, and clinical utility. Methods: We requested antibiograms from hospitals participating in the …
When Volunteering Doesn’T Cut It: A Critical Examination Of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Surveillance And Trends In The United States., Erica E. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Background. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, are newly emerging pathogens of public health importance. Currently no nationally representative or mandatory surveillance or reporting system exists to examine trends of these important pathogens. Objective. The purpose of the current study was to estimate trends in overall microbial burden and carbapenem resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae and to understand the extent to which hospitals which report to voluntary surveillance systems represent all hospitals in the United States. Design. We conducted a descriptive study to compare the hospitals participating in voluntary reporting systems of the University HealthSystem Consortium …
Biobehavioral Mechanisms Of Emotion And Hiv Disease: Exploring Potential Mediators Of The Relation Between Trait Positive And Negative Affect And Hiv Health Status, Karen Stewart
Theses and Dissertations
Considerable research supports an association between negative psychosocial functioning and adverse health outcomes. The biobehavioral model is well supported and posits that these effects occur via alterations in physiological response and health damaging behaviors. Evidence is accumulating about potential benefits of positive psychosocial functioning; however, less is known about the mechanisms of these effects. The broaden-and-build model of positive emotions holds that positive emotions can undo the physiological and behavioral restrictions associated with negative emotions and promote resource development. The present correlational study sought to explore whether cortisol, medication adherence, and health behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and nutrition) …
Immunizations And Autism: Educating The Public, Lori L. Slaubaugh
Immunizations And Autism: Educating The Public, Lori L. Slaubaugh
Theses and Dissertations
Research has shown that the avoidance or delay of immunizations can lead to significant outbreaks of diseases previously thought eradicated. Recent outbreaks of diseases, such as measles, have emphasized the need for immunizations to protect each child, which in turn protects the population as a whole. Although research has not substantiated a link between the occurrence of autism and thimerosal , a preservative used in many vaccines since 1930, many parents continue to avoid immunizations out of fear that those containing thimerosal may cause autism in their child. Educating parents on the evidence related to thimerosal as a preservative in …
The Influence Of International Aid Allocations On Mortality In Sub-Saharan Africa, Chelsea Wilson Kellum
The Influence Of International Aid Allocations On Mortality In Sub-Saharan Africa, Chelsea Wilson Kellum
Theses and Dissertations
Does allocating large amounts of international aid specifically for fighting HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa have an influence on mortality rates in this region? This paper explores the relationship between total Official Development Assistance and Official Development Assistance earmarked for HIV/AIDS with AIDS mortality and overall mortality within Sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2006. There are no definitive findings from this study to conclude that the amount of any form of assistance aid has a positive or negative effect on mortality. The results suggest that focusing on establishing greater development and less government corruption would more effectively alleviate the high mortality …
Image Segmentation And Analysis For Automated Classification Of Traumatic Pelvic Injuries, Simina Vasilache
Image Segmentation And Analysis For Automated Classification Of Traumatic Pelvic Injuries, Simina Vasilache
Theses and Dissertations
In the past decades, technical advances have allowed for the collection and storage of more types and larger quantities of medical data. The increase in the volume of existing medical data has increased the need for processing and analyzing such data. Medical data holds information that is invaluable for diagnostic as well as treatment planning purposes. Presently, a large portion of the data is not optimally used towards medical decisions because information contained in the data is inaccessible through simple human inspection, or traditional computational methods. In the field of trauma medicine, where caregivers are frequently confronted with situations where …
Characterization Of Adherence, Cytotoxicity And Biofilm Formation By Gardnerella Vaginalis, Jennifer Patterson
Characterization Of Adherence, Cytotoxicity And Biofilm Formation By Gardnerella Vaginalis, Jennifer Patterson
Theses and Dissertations
Worldwide, bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder in women of childbearing age. BV is of major clinical importance due to its ability to significantly affect pregnancy outcome and enhance the transmission and acquisition of HIV. BV is characterized by a dramatic shift in the vaginal microflora; in most BV cases, the predominant bacterial species is Gardnerella vaginalis. It has been demonstrated that G. vaginalis forms an adherent biofilm on the vaginal epithelium of women with BV. Furthemore, evidence suggests that the high rate of recurrence associated with BV is related to incomplete eradication of the biofilm. The …
Role Of Dendritic Cells In Spontaneous Polychondritis: Pathogenesis And Prevention, Maninder Sidhu
Role Of Dendritic Cells In Spontaneous Polychondritis: Pathogenesis And Prevention, Maninder Sidhu
Theses and Dissertations
Spontaneous polyarthritis (SA) is an autoimmune disease that develops spontaneously at 4 months of age in the HLA-DQ6αβ8αβ double transgenic (tg) mice. The disease is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration in joints leading to chronic polyarthritis in the extremities similar to human rheumatoid arthritis. Immature dendritic cells (iDCs) have a tolerogenic potential due to low expression of important costimulatory cell surface molecules required for antigen presentation and induction of an effective immune response. In this study it has been shown that injection of iDCs pulsed with chick type II collagen (CII) significantly delayed the onset and suppressed the severity of SA …
Evaluation Of Alternative Technologies To Supply Drinking Water To Marines In Forward Deployed Locations, Derek R. George
Evaluation Of Alternative Technologies To Supply Drinking Water To Marines In Forward Deployed Locations, Derek R. George
Theses and Dissertations
With recent increases, there are approximately 20,000 Marines deployed in the Helmand Province of Afghanistan. The cost of delivering bottled water to the troops is rapidly becoming unsustainable and convoys delivering bottled water are vulnerable to Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Currently, raw water from indigenous sources, which has chemical and microbiological contaminants, is treated with reverse osmosis (RO), but only used for hygiene, with bottled water used for drinking. Due to the economic costs and risks to life of providing bottled water, decision-makers need to evaluate technology alternatives to treat raw water to supply safe drinking water. In this study, …
Gene Expression Patterns In Flea Vectors Of Yersinia Pestis, Wei Zhou
Gene Expression Patterns In Flea Vectors Of Yersinia Pestis, Wei Zhou
Theses and Dissertations
Plague bacteria (Yersinia pestis) are transmitted to susceptible mammals by fleas. At least 25 flea species found in North America have been identified as plague vectors. The most efficient flea vector is the Oriental rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis, while the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis is a poor vector. The factors that determine vector competence of different fleas are not known. The main obstacles that the bacteria must overcome in the flea gut are also unknown. Fleas' molecular responses to Y. pestis invading could be a determining factor to control the bacterial survival and growth. Good and poor …