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The Electrolytic Reduction Of Ethyl Paranitrobenzoate, Matthew Felix Lipworth

Theses

The factors governing the electrolytic reduction of ethyl para-nitrobenzoate have been investigated, and conditions established for the optimum yield of the end-product benzocaine. The formation of intermediate compounds was studied, and a mechanism for the reduction favoring the mono-molecular route has been suggested. The material costs of the electrolytic reduction have been shown to compare favorably with the material costs of a chemical reduction, such as the Bechamp process.

Reductive Dehalogenation Of Alkyl Iodides, Vsevolod Gruenman

Theses

The rates of reductive dehalogenation reactions of alkyl iodides with zinc and acetic acid relative to the rate of deiodination of methyl iodide were investigated.

The order of ease of replacement of the iodine for the various substituents on the carbon atom of methyl iodide was found to be;

Exploratory Study High Purity Colbalt Using An Anion Exchange Resin, Charles Edward Hoffman

Theses

This investigation accounts for the exploratory phase of a program to develop a commercial or semi-commercial process for producing high purity cobalt; in effect, a separation of cobalt and nickel.

An extensive review of all published literature, patents, etc. from 1900 to 1958 of all known commercial, semi-commercial and analytical methods of separating cobalt and nickel was completed. Qualitative evaluation of these methods to determine the possibility of one being practically extended and/or developed to produce high purity cobalt yielded one potential commercial method. Developed for analytical purposes by Moore and Kraus (1), use is made of the fact that …

Alkylation With Some Alkyl Borate By The Friedel-Crafts Methods, Richard Ernest Huber

Theses

Normal butyl, allyl, methylbutyne and 2-chloroethyl borates were synthesized in yields above 90.0% from their corresponding alcohols and boric acid. Using some of the above alkyl borates, and others commercially available, as alkylating agents, benzene was alkylated by the Friedel-Crafts method, using aluminum chloride as the catalyst. Yields were dependent on catalyst concentration. The alkyl benzenes were identified by means of: 1) physical constants, 2) infrared spectra, 3) melting points of derivatives, and 4) chemical analysis. Starting with normal alkyl borates, the formation of isomeric and dialkylated products was established through the analytical data.

Diffusion Coefficient From Hydrogen Ion Exchange Studies, Michael Maxwell Kahn, Norman A. Martin

Theses

The study of monovalent and bivalent ion diffusion coefficients was undertaken to determine the practicability of using the Reichen berg equation to calculate a film thickness from a single diffusion coefficient and through the use of this film thickness to predict the diffusion coefficient of any monovalent or bivalent ion.

Experimentation employed the use of a mixing vessel with a two bladed propellor into which a solution of known ion concentration was kept at a constant temperature and mixing speed. Dowex 50 x -8 hydrogen ion type resin was added to the solution and by means of a pH meter …

Collection Of Germanium From Acid Etch Waste By Ion Exchange, Robert Welsh Meyler

Theses

This report is an investigation of the use of ion exchange resins to recover germanium from acid etch wastes encountered in transistor manufacture.

Most of the experiments were performed with acid etch waste of unknown germanium content. The object was to determine if the ion exchange technique were applicable, and to select the most practical operating procedure.

When a satisfactory procedure had been established, later experimental runs were made with an acid etch solution of known germanium concentration to determine the yields of recovered germanium.

Yields of 60 per cent to 75 per cent recovery of germanium from the etch …

Vapor Liquid Equilibria Of Diacetone Alcohol In Various Solvents, John A. Mulligan

Theses

This paper presents the initial study of vapor-liquid equilibria data for the systems (a) diacetone alcohol-methanol (b) diacetone alcohol-ethanol and (c) diacetone alcohol-benzene at 100mm and 200mm and confirms the data reported by Hack and Van Winkle (6) on the system (d) diacetone alcohol-water at the same pressures. Margules and Redlich and Kister constants have been determined from the data, and are presented for use in future studies.

A comparison has been made between Redlich and Kister constants determined from laboratory data, and Redlich and Kister constants predicted from the physical properties of the components. Redlich and Kister constants predicted …

Salt Effects On Distribution Of Fatty Acids, John Henry Sivori

Theses

Data are reported on the extraction of formic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acids from water with methyl isobutyl ketone. Prime consideration is given to the effect of an added inorganic salt, calcium chloride, and also to the effect of the presence of a common ion on the distribution of the acids in the solvent-water system. Extraction into the solvent phase is increased by the addition of calcium chloride, but only slightly affected by the addition of a common ion.

Batch Heating And Cooling Nomographs, Stephen Zakanycz

Theses

Heat transfer problems associated with batch heating and cooling processes are relatively complex since conditions of unsteady state prevail. Complex mathematical equations are available which relate the time required to heat or cool a quantity of material in a specific piece of equipment or to design heat exchangers to transfer the desired amount of heat in a specified time. By the use of alignment charts, these equations are solved graphically with speed and accuracy. Nomographs are presented for equations dealing with heating and cooling agitated batches, counterflow and nonisothermal medium for two cases: coil-in-tank or jacketed vessel and external heat …

The Plastic Design Of Steel Cofferdam, Robert O. Disque

Theses

The fundamental purpose of this thesis is to employ the plastic theory in the design of a hypothetical steel sheet pile cofferdarm. Prior to undertaking this work, the author had had no previous experience with the plastic theory. Therefore, a portion of this thesis is devoted to the development of the fundamentals necessary for the actual design computations.

The theory of plastic analysis has been used as far back as the 1920's in Hungary for the structural design of apartment buildings. It is, however, only in recent years that the theory has been utilized to a significant degree in this …

Heat Transfer By Natural Convection In Horizontal Fluid Layers : A Statistical Correlation Of Experimental Data, John Lawrence O'Toole

Theses

The rate of heat transfer due to natural convection in confined, horizontal, fluid layers can be expressed by equations involving the dimensionless parameters Nusselt No., Rayleigh No., and Prandtl No., where Rayleigh No. equals the product of Grashof and Prandtl Nos.

Statistical correlation by stepwise multiple regression of experimental data obtained from four different investigators, on both gases and liquids, yields three separate equations corresponding to three distinct regimes of convection. The total range spanned by the data is from the onset of convection to Rayleigh = 109.

The equations are Regime Ra Range Equation Std. Error of Estimate Initial …

A Study Of The Twenty-Four Hour Day Of Cherokee County High School Pupils With A Comparison Of Similar Findings In 1942, Dorothy Holland Adderhold

Theses

A time-study of the twenty-four hour day of pupils in a senior high school in a rural area (Cherokee County) of Alabama has been made in order to discover the amount of time being devoted by these pupils to various activities, and to compare these findings to a similar study made in 1942. Time spent for sleep, classes, chores, productive work, study, transportation, leisure, eating, listening to radio and television, other recreation, reading, dressing, and miscellaneous activity will be charted and comparisons will be made.

Roger Ascham's Unrecognized Contributions To Education In The Schoolmaster, Harold L. Askew

Theses

In the late sixteenth century, Roger Ascham, English scholar and author, wrote The Schoolmaster, in which he outlined some principles of education and of learning. The purpose of this paper is to note some of these principles and to illustrate their use in education.

An Experiment In Re-Exposure Exposure For Two Black And White Reversal Films, Gerard Sahlin

Theses

Not provided.

The Effect Of Agitation On The Polymerization Of A Vinyl Chloride-Ethyl Acrylate Latex, Roger Wolf Rubens

Theses

The effect of agitation was studied on a 65-35 vinyl chloride-ethyl acrylate copolymer latex. Polymerizations were carried out in a 2 gallon stainless reactor with automatic control of jacket water temperature. Standard, "power calibrated" flat blade turbine impellers of 2 in., 3 in., and 4 in. diameter were used at speeds which provided an over-all range of impeller power from 0.00007 to 0.09 hp. Work on the technology of agitation, from the literature, used to characterize agitation with respect to the polymerization, was reviewed.

The investigation indicated that conversion, reaction rate, molecular weight and the stability of the emulsion were …

Vapor Liquid Equilibria Studies For System 1: Cyclohexane, Neo-Hexane; System 2: Neo-Hexane, Iso-Octane; System 3: Cyclohexane, Iso-Octane; At Atmospheric Pressure, Robert Halper

Theses

Vapor liquid equilibria studies were conducted on three systems at atmospheric pressure. The systems represented were: -

System #1 - Neo-hexane, cyclohexane.

System #2 Neo-hexane, isooctane.

System #3 - Cyclohexane, isooctane.

The object of these studies was: -

1. To obtain reliable experimental data on the above systems that would enable the plot of a series of characteristic curves.

2. To test the experimental data for thermodynamic consistency.

3. To correlate the data with the best of several theoretical equations as represented by Van Lear, Margules, Scatchard-Hamer or Redlich-Kister.

Investigation Of Liquid Partition Chromatography Of Polyhydric Alcohols, Michael Homiak

Theses

Polyhydric alcohols have previously been separated by tedious chemical procedures and in microgram quantities on columns prepared from silica gel and silica gel - Celite combinations. This study was undertaken to determine whether separation of these alcohols was possible by chromatography on columns of Celite alone, and in quantities considerably greater than those formerly handled. In addition, as a preliminary step to the actual separation, the capacities of the columns for the two polyhydric alcohols were determined. The effect of several variables on the capacities of the columns were investigated. A calculation of the number of theoretical plates in a …

Kinetics Of Hydrolysis Of Some Halonitrobenzenesulfonates, Walter C. Kania

Theses

The object of this thesis was to determine the rela¬tive activity towards hydrolysis of several halogen deriv¬atives of nitrobenzenesulfonate. The halide is Para to a nitro group and ortho to the sulfonic acid group.

The compounds studied were:

(I) sodium 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzenesulfonate

(II) sodium 2-bromo-5-nitrobenzenesulfonate

The chlorine was found to be more reactive than the bromine.

A dichloride, (III), sodium 2,5-dichloro-3-nitroben-zenesulfonate was also studied. Here one chlorine is activated by both the nitro and sulfonic acid groups. The other chlorine being meta to the nitro and sulfonic acid groups would be adverse to hydrolysis.

Rates of hydrolysis of (I), (II), and …

Effect Of Substituents In The Reductive Dehalogenation Of Substituted Iodobenzenes, George Burton Freda

Theses

Reaction rates for the reductive dehalogenation of ortho or Para substituted iodobenzenes with zinc and acetic acid relative to the rate for unsubstituted iodobenzene were measured. The order of ease of replacement of the iodine for the para substituents on the benzene ring was found to be: -COON -SO₃K> CH₃ -H > -C₆H₅> -OC₂H₅. For ortho substituents the order was -COOH> -C₆H₅> -OC₂H₅ > -SO₃K -CH₃> -H.

Heat Transfer Coefficients Of Condensing Vapors, Carl Lennart Palmer, Thomas W. Weber

Theses

The heat transfer coefficients of the condensing vapors of n-butyl, 1-amyl, and tertiary amyl alcohols have been measured for a single horizontal tube. This is the first time that i-amyl and tertiary amyl alcohols have been investigated. The modified Wilson method presented by Chu was used in analysing the data.

Chu pointed out that over a moderate range of temperature, the condensing heat transfer coefficient should vary inversely with the one-third power of the rate of heat transfer. For the alcohols studied in these experiments, the measured powers were between 0.20 and 0.36, which are in good agreement with Chu's …

Correlation Of Maximum Air Velocity With Liquid Entrainment Loading For Wire Mesh Mist Eliminators, Edward W. Poppele

Theses

Two styles of Initted 'wire mesh entrainment separators,or demisters were investigated to determine maximun useful air flow rates over a wide range of liquid entrainmant loadings. The demisters studiod were six-inch thickniess and constructed of 0.011 inch diameter stainless steel wire.

The expression widely used to determine allowable design velocity for gas through demisters is:

V=K/((d1, dv)/ dv) (1)

where
V = Maximum Degree gas velocity, feet per second,
K = is a constant for the system,
d= density of entrained liquid phase, pounds per cubic foot,
dv = density of gaseous phase, pounds per cubic foot.

In this work …

A Generalized Correlation For The Effect Of Pressure On The Difference In Heat Capacities Of Gases, Leon Bleich

Theses

A generalized correlation is presented for the difference in heat capacities at constant pressure and constant volume, C_p-C_v, as a function of reduced pressure with parameters of reduced temperature. The correlation covers a pressure range of pr a 0.2 to pr = 15.0 and a temperature range of Tr = 1.0 to Tr = 5.5. The correla- tion was based on values of C_p-C_v calculated from the Benedict - Webb - Rubin Equation of State for five hydrocarbons, namely, methane, ethylene, ethane, propane, and n-butane.

The results show that C_p-C_{v …}

Thermodynamic Properties Of Pentene-1, Byron Millard Cody

Theses

The thermodynamic properties of Pentene-1 have been calculated over a temperature range of 32°F to 600°F and at pressures up to 4000 lb/sq. in. abs. These properties were determined from vapor pressure, heat capacity, and latent heat of vaporization data through the application of generalized thermodymnic relationships based on the theory of corresponding states.

A Study Of A Production Control System In A Job Order Die Casting Plant, Robert Gordon Woodnorth

Theses

This thesis examines the production planning and control system in a job-order die casting plant. After comparing to the criteria for an ideal system the following changes were recommended.

1. Central work storage and dispatching. This would reduce work in process and workload fluctuations through closer planning. It would also provide a perpetual inventory system and a central control point which would be constantly informed of production progress.

2. Operator trucking. By having operators do their own trucking material handling costs and production delays would be reduced.

3. Simplified job cost accounting. The use of standard costs for finishing and …

Ion Exchange Technology In The Sodium And Ferric Ion-Dowex 50 Systems, Alfred George Hoerrner

Theses

This investigation was directed toward the extension of data on the kinetics of monovalent - trivalent cation exchange and to establish data on the relationship between temperature and total capacity of an ion exchange resin. In order to compare the present study to a previous investigation by Klosowski (2), the capacity of the resin used for ferric and chromic ions was also measured.

In the kinetic study, the ferric ion-hydrogen ion exchange using Dowex 50 X-8 resin was studied in an agitated vessel. A two-bladed marine type propellor was used and the agitator speed was varied from 400 to 800 …

A Method Of Analytical Dye Densitometry Utilizing Infrared Radiation, Calvin Besore

Theses

A densitometric technique is described which yields analytical dye densities from a negative- positive color print film in a time less than would normally be required to process the film. In this technique, a correlation is established between the dye density produced by the complete process and the silver density produced by the initial development, the latter being determined by an application of infrared densitometry. Equipment utilized and procedure followed are described and some theoretical aspects and limitations reviewed.

The Electrolytic Regeneration Of A Phenidone-Hydroquinone Developer, Howard Hall

Theses

An attempt was made to regenerate a phenidone -hydroquinone developer. During the electrolysis the concentration of all the components remained constant with the exception of bromide, which was released as bromine from the anode. The possible use of the apparatus to remove bromide and reduce the replenishment rate in a continous processing system is suggested.

A Practical Investigation Of The Effect Of Reciprocity Law Failure In The Wollensax Fastax High Speed Camera Wf-3, Stanley Feigenbaum

Theses

Not provided.

A Shortened Type "C" Process (Characteristics Of A Combined Bleach-Fix), Donald Sykes

Theses

The theory of combined bleach-fix bathes is discussed with an explanation of the function of sequestrene. Three investigations are described were the components of the solutions are varied, and the results stated. Formulas of successful bleach-fix baths used with a Kodak P122 Process are given.

Adsorption Of Carbon Dioxide By Sodium Carbonate Solutions In A Gas-Bubble Column, Joseph Don Singalewitch

Theses

A study was conducted on the absorption of pure carbon dioxide by sodium carbonate-sodium bicarabonate systems in a gas-bubble column (in which bubbles, formed by passing a gas through a porous plate at the base of to column, rise up through a descending continuous liquid phase). This equipment was found to be entremely effcient, under the condtions of the experiments, covered liquid rates (9,000 to 13,000 pounds per hour per square foot) with gas rates of 30 to 60 pounds per hour or square foot. The absorption section of the column was two inches in diameter and one foot in …